since been lost. The Huolongjing was one of three early Ming military treatises that were mentioned by Jiao Xu, but only the Huolongjing remains. Although...

illustration from the Huolongjing. A 'divine moving phalanx-breaking fierce-fire sword-shield' as depicted in the Huolongjing, c. 1360-1375. A mobile...

bombs dates to the 14th century, and appears in the Ming Dynasty text Huolongjing. The fragmentation bombs were filled with iron pellets and pieces of...

ready to be shot from a bow. From the Huolongjing A fire arrow from the Wubei Zhi Rocket arrows from the Huolongjing. Depiction of fire arrows known as "divine...

thunderclap bombs, from the Huolongjing. A 'poison fog divine smoke eruptor' (du wu shen yan pao) as depicted in the Huolongjing. Small shells emitting poisonous...

thousand at a time to Xiangyang and Yingzhou. The Ming Dynasty text Huolongjing describes the use of poisonous gunpowder bombs, including the "wind-and-dust"...

from the Huolongjing Two "awe-inspiring long range cannons" (威遠砲), from the Huolongjing. A 'seven star cannon' (qi xing chong) from the Huolongjing. It was...

A 'flying-cloud thunderclap-eruptor,' a proto-gun firing thunderclap bombs, from the Huolongjing....

deadly, as evidenced in the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) military manuscript Huolongjing compiled by Jiao Yu (fl. 14th to early 15th century) and Liu Bowen (1311–1375)...

an "eruptor", a proto cannon from the 14th century Ming Dynasty book Huolongjing. The cannon was capable of firing proto shells, cast iron bombs filled...