Logic models are hypothesized descriptions of the chain of causes and effects leading to an outcome of interest (e.g. prevalence of cardiovascular diseases...

Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory...

kinds of structures. A simple model-checking problem consists of verifying whether a formula in the propositional logic is satisfied by a given structure...

In mathematical logic, model theory is the study of the relationship between formal theories (a collection of sentences in a formal language expressing...

First-order logic—also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, quantificational logic—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy...

set theory. From the model-theoretic point of view, structures are the objects used to define the semantics of first-order logic, cf. also Tarski's theory...

logic (such as intuitionistic logic), and in the study of modal logic. Interpretations used to study non-classical logic include topological models,...

In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. Second-order logic...

breakthrough in the theory of non-classical logics, because the model theory of such logics was almost non-existent before Kripke (algebraic semantics existed...

Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical...