have, and why there are specified values for mixing angles in the PMNS and CKM matrices. These free parameters - the fermion masses and their mixing angles...

CKM and PMNS matrices: V M = U CKM ⋅ U PMNS , {\displaystyle V_{\text{M}}=U_{\text{CKM}}\cdot U_{\text{PMNS}}\,,} Unitarity implies: U PMNS = U CKM †...

called the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix (PMNS matrix). Together, the CKM and PMNS matrices describe all flavor transformations, but the links...

then the vector harmonics will also be transformed through the Wigner D-matrices D ^ ( α , β , γ ) Y J M ( s ) ( θ , φ ) = ∑ M ′ = − J J [ D M M ′ ( J )...

complex phase appears in the CKM matrix describing quark mixing, or the PMNS matrix describing neutrino mixing. A necessary condition for the appearance...

the CKM or PMNS matrix) is done and the values of the parameters determined experimentally. CKM matrix CP violation CPT symmetry Kaon PMNS matrix Neutral...

+ B′ + T) Y = 2 (Q − I3) Weak hypercharge: YW YW = 2 (Q − T3) X + 2YW = 5 (B − L) Flavour mixing CKM matrix PMNS matrix Flavour complementarity v t e...

algebra Generation Higgs mechanism Alternatives to the Standard Higgs Model PMNS matrix Quark–lepton complementarity Seesaw mechanism Technicolor Zenczykowski...

switch between these states using the CKM matrix for the quarks, or the PMNS matrix for the neutrinos (the charged leptons on the other hand are eigenstates...

grows by a combination of cell division and recruitment. Polysaccharide matrices typically enclose bacterial biofilms. The matrix exopolysaccharides can...