Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place...

Large-scale implementations of penal labour include labour camps, prison farms, penal colonies, penal military units, penal transportation, or aboard prison ships...

place to place. Transportation may also refer to: Penal transportation, the moving of convicted criminals to penal colonies. Transportation theory (mathematics)...

prison farm. With the passage of the Transportation Act 1717, the British government initiated the penal transportation of indentured servants to Britain's...

1788 and 1868 the British penal system transported about 162,000 convicts from Great Britain and Ireland to various penal colonies in Australia. The...

With the widely used alternative of penal transportation halted in the 1770s, the immediate need for additional penal accommodations emerged. Given the...

suppressed by legal and military force, which included execution and penal transportation of accused and convicted Luddites. Over time, the term has been used...

Kempe. From the Early Modern period, the Atlantic slave trade and penal transportation used the sea to transport people against their will from one continent...

a term used to describe a penal establishment where forced labor was enforced. These establishments were typically in penal colonies or galleys where...

Convicted of the kidnap of a wealthy heiress in Cork, he was subject to penal transportation to New South Wales in 1802 where he built Vaucluse House near Sydney...