Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy and some other European and non-English-speaking...

In France, the Habilitation à diriger des Recherches (HDR) is a diploma that "sanctions recognition of the candidate's high scientific level, the originality...

Gaslighting is a colloquialism, defined as manipulating someone into questioning their own perception of reality. The expression, which derives from the...

replace the German Habilitation and therefore was equivalent to this higher-level qualification. After reunification the Habilitation was reintroduced at...

d'État), but, in 1984, it was superseded by the habilitation (Habilitation à diriger des recherches, "habilitation to supervise (doctoral and post-doctoral)...

professor"), a non-tenured position which does not require a PhD nor any habilitation, is paid at the end of the academic year nearly €3000 for the entire...

Tracheostomy Cancer of the larynx Vocology – science and practice of voice habilitation Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is a one-year fellowship open...

dissertation. More advanced levels include post-doctoral studies and habilitation. Successful completion of formal education typically leads to certification...

(Doctor of Medical Sciences), or even higher scientific degree after habilitation, doktor habilitowany nauk medycznych (dr hab. n. med.). Specialization...

comparable to the German Habilitation rather than the doctorate, as Scandinavian countries did not have a separate Habilitation. The degrees were uncommon...