agree that the award is non-binding, most consumer arbitrations occur pursuant to a pre-dispute arbitration clause where the arbitrator's award is binding...

claim. Mandatory consumer and employment arbitration should be distinguished from consensual arbitration, particularly commercial arbitration. There are limited...

applying that law. The practice of arbitration, especially forced arbitration clauses between workers or consumers and large companies or organizations...

actions to individual arbitration. After the decision, several major businesses introduced or changed arbitration terms in their consumer contracts (some of...

2012,[update] JAMS administers a few hundred consumer arbitration cases per year.: 99  JAMS's Consumer Minimum Standards have been the subject of scholarly...

over the rental of living space from any form of arbitration, while arbitration agreements with consumers are only considered valid if they are signed, and...

National Arbitration Forum administered over 200,000 cases a year, most of which were consumer debt collection cases. In 2009, the National Arbitration Forum...

<http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/arbitration.html> Cf. J. M. Matthews, "Consumer Arbitration: Is it Working Now and Will it Work in the Future...

pre-dispute, forced arbitration agreements from being valid or enforceable if it requires forced arbitration of an employment, consumer, or civil rights...

arbitrator. In July 2009, the AAA stopped accepting consumer debt collection cases, after the National Arbitration Forum was forced to do so after questions arose...