Soil formation, also known as pedogenesis, is the process of soil genesis as regulated by the effects of place, environment, and history. Biogeochemical...

plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. Soil consists...

Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical...

one or more of the following processes of soil formation: formation of soil aggregate structure formation of clay minerals and/or oxides accumulation...

(/ˈtʃɜːrnəzɛm/ CHUR-nə-zem), also called black soil, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus (4% to...

(sphaîra) 'sphere') is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere,...

A soil type is a taxonomic unit in soil science. All soils that share a certain set of well-defined properties form a distinctive soil type. Soil type...

composition and amount, and affects the formation of the soil. It is directly related to human activity. Soil degradation may also be viewed as any change...

pedon, "soil"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is a discipline within soil science which focuses on understanding and characterizing soil formation, evolution...

of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple horizons. Along with soil formation and soil classification, soil morphology...