The kings and dukes of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions, since its creation as the kingdom of Lotharingia...

of Lorraine. The Duchy of Lorraine was coveted and briefly occupied by the dukes of Burgundy and the kings of France, but was ruled by the dukes of the...

also List of rulers of Frisia#House of West Frisia) List of counts and dukes of Jülich List of counts of Loon List of kings and dukes of Lorraine (Middle...

Cross of Lorraine (French: Croix de Lorraine), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical...

titular Dukes of Lorraine. Princess of Joinville List of consorts of Guise Duchess of Nemours Duchess of Elbeuf Duchess of Mayenne Duchess of Aumale Over...

Tuscany, since 1434, first as Lords of Florence and later as Dukes. The title of Grand Duke, was in fact the second title of recognition within the Tuscan politics...

either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs...

Duchy of Bohemia was established in 870 and raised to the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198. Several Bohemian monarchs ruled as non-hereditary kings beforehand...

The following is a list of monarchs during the history of Bavaria. Bavaria was ruled by several dukes and kings, partitioned and reunited, under several...

philanthropy and Germany's version of local "squirearchy" visibility. At first, the highest nobles – de facto equal to kings and emperors – were the Dukes of the...