Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. Mutualism is a common type of ecological...

Look up mutualism or mutualistic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Mutualism may refer to: Mutualism (biology), positive interactions between species...

Ant–fungus mutualism is a symbiosis seen between certain ant and fungal species, in which ants actively cultivate fungus much like humans farm crops as...

Trophic mutualism is a key type of ecological mutualism. Specifically, "trophic mutualism" refers to the transfer of energy and nutrients between two...

Boucher, Douglas H., ed. (1985). "The Idea of Mutualism, Past and Future". The Biology of Mutualism: Ecology and Evolution. Croom Helm. p. 17. ISBN 9780709932383...

facultative mutualism, where two mutualistic partners both benefit from the mutualism, but can theoretically survive in each other's absence. Mutualisms are remarkably...

Obligate mutualism is a special case of mutualism where an ecological interaction between species mutually benefits each other, and one or all species...

communicate and cooperate to perform a wide range of behaviors. Mutualism, or mutually beneficial interactions between species, is common in ecological...

interactions that shift along a continuum of mutualism, commensalism, and even parasitism. In almost all mutualisms, the relative costs and benefits of interactions...

1971). "The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 46 (1): 35–57. doi:10.1086/406755. ISSN 0033-5770. S2CID 19027999. Axelrod...