COS-B was the first European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) mission to study cosmic gamma ray sources. COS-B was first put forward by the European...

b 2 − 2 a b cos ⁡ γ , a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2 b c cos ⁡ α , b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2 a c cos ⁡ β . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}c^{2}&=a^{2}+b^{2}-2ab\cos \gamma...

cosine rule: cos ⁡ a = cos ⁡ b cos ⁡ c + sin ⁡ b sin ⁡ c cos ⁡ A , cos ⁡ b = cos ⁡ c cos ⁡ a + sin ⁡ c sin ⁡ a cos ⁡ B , cos ⁡ c = cos ⁡ a cos ⁡ b + sin ⁡...

a\cos b+\cos a\sin b+\sin a\cos b-\cos a\sin b\\[5mu]&\quad =2\sin a\cos b\\[15mu]&\cos(a+b)+\cos(a-b)\\[5mu]&\quad =\cos a\cos b-\sin a\sin b+\cos a\cos...

manifestly, cos ⁡ c = cos ⁡ a cos ⁡ b − n ^ ⋅ m ^ sin ⁡ a sin ⁡ b   , {\displaystyle \cos c=\cos a\cos b-{\hat {n}}\cdot {\hat {m}}\sin a\sin b~,} the spherical...

"∓" sign: cos ⁡ ( A ± B ) = cos ⁡ ( A ) cos ⁡ ( B ) ∓ sin ⁡ ( A ) sin ⁡ ( B ) {\displaystyle \cos(A\pm B)=\cos(A)\cos(B)\mp \sin(A)\sin(B)} which represents...

cos ⁡ a cos ⁡ b + sin ⁡ a sin ⁡ b cos ⁡ C {\displaystyle \cos c=\cos a\cos b+\sin a\sin b\cos C\,} Since this is a unit sphere, the lengths a, b, and c...

sin ⁡ ( b ) + cos ⁡ ( δ NGP ) cos ⁡ ( b ) cos ⁡ ( l NCP − l ) cos ⁡ ( δ ) sin ⁡ ( α − α NGP ) = cos ⁡ ( b ) sin ⁡ ( l NCP − l ) cos ⁡ ( δ ) cos ⁡ ( α −...

sin 2 A = 1 − ( cos ⁡ a − cos ⁡ b cos ⁡ c sin ⁡ b sin ⁡ c ) 2 = ( 1 − cos 2 b ) ( 1 − cos 2 c ) − ( cos ⁡ a − cos ⁡ b cos ⁡ c ) 2 sin 2 b sin 2 c sin ⁡...

cos ⁡ A + t cos ⁡ B cos ⁡ C : cos ⁡ B + t cos ⁡ C cos ⁡ A : cos ⁡ C + t cos ⁡ A cos ⁡ B {\displaystyle \cos A+t\cos B\cos C:\cos B+t\cos C\cos A:\cos...