In a spherical coordinate system, a colatitude is the complementary angle of a given latitude, i.e. the difference between a right angle and the latitude...

L | > 90° (i.e. if in absolute value the declination is more than the colatitude, in the corresponding hemisphere) The object is below the horizon even...

Earth. The geocentric latitude θ is the complement of the polar angle or colatitude θ′ in conventional spherical polar coordinates in which the coordinates...

λ is the magnetic latitude (equal to 90° − θ) where θ is the magnetic colatitude, measured in radians or degrees from the dipole axis m is the dipole moment...

can be broken down into the product of three functions of the radius, colatitude (or polar) angle, and azimuth: ψ ( r , θ , ϕ ) = R ( r ) P ( θ ) F ( ϕ...

angle may be called inclination angle, zenith angle, normal angle, or the colatitude. The user may choose to ignore the inclination angle and use the elevation...

rotating with angular speed Ω that depends on both the radius r and the colatitude θ Ω = − g t ϕ g ϕ ϕ = r s α r c ρ 2 ( r 2 + α 2 ) + r s α 2 r sin 2 ⁡...

for which the longitude (or azimuth) φ {\displaystyle \varphi } and the colatitude (or polar angle) θ {\displaystyle \theta } are in a linear relationship...

for R E {\displaystyle R_{E}} ), and θ {\displaystyle \theta } is the colatitude measured from the north magnetic pole (or geomagnetic pole). It is sometimes...

normalization constant, and θ and φ represent colatitude and longitude, respectively. In particular, the colatitude θ, or polar angle, ranges from 0 at the...