Mahmud IV (Somali: Maxamuud IV, Arabic: محمود), also known as Mahamud Hawadane (Xawadane), was a Somali ruler. He was among the earliest Sultans of the...

Mansa Mahmud Keïta IV, also known as Niani Mansa Mamadou, was the last reigning emperor of the Mali Empire according to the Tarikh al-Soudan in the 17th...

uprisings and European intervention. Mahmud ascended the throne following an 1808 coup which deposed his half-brother Mustafa IV. Early in his reign, the Ottoman...

robust Dendi Kingdom. With Songhai out of the way, the ruler of Mali Mansa Mahmud IV set his sights on rebuilding his moribund empire. The first step in this...

monarchs under the guidance of the colonial powers. During the reign of Mahmud IV, increasing tensions developed with Dutch administrators. The Sultan felt...

under the reign of Mansa Mahmud IV. The Songhai Empire had fallen to the Saadi Sultanate of Morocco eight years earlier, and Mahmud sought to take advantage...

Mahmud. Mustafa was later killed on Mahmud's orders on 16 November 1808 and was buried in his father's mausoleum. Due to his short reign, Mustafa IV did...

were able to rebuild its former power. The ruler of the Mali Empire, Mahmud IV, saw the collapse of the Songhai Empire to the north as a opportunity...

title was that of "mari" meaning prince, making Mansa Sakura and Mansa Mahmud IV the only sitting mansas ever to lead an army. Mansa Sundjata is credited...

Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur, also known by his regnal name Jahan Shah, was the eighteenth Mughal emperor for a brief period in 1788 after Shah Alam...