ranked-choice voting or Condorcet methods) are susceptible to the multiple-district paradox, which allows for a particularly egregious kind of gerrymander:...

half the vote in more than half the districts—even if the other party receives all the votes cast in the other districts—so just over a quarter of the vote...

In social choice theory, Condorcet's voting paradox is a fundamental discovery by the Marquis de Condorcet that majority rule is inherently self-contradictory...

choice, the negative responsiveness, perversity, or additional support paradox is a pathological behavior of some voting rules, where a candidate loses...

remainders method of party-list representation, where it is called a new party paradox. A new party entering an election causes some seats to shift from one unrelated...

In social choice, a no-show paradox is a surprising behavior in some voting rules, where a candidate loses an election as a result of having too many...

theorists as a result of apportionment paradoxes. In particular, the largest remainder methods exhibit the no-show paradox, i.e. voting for a party can cause...

that uses voters' rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked system is one that depends only on which...

such as single-member districts (SMDs), or the election can be held using block voting with at-large or multi-member districts. Majoritarian representation...

results produced in single-member districts using FPTP or to increase the fairness produced in multi-member districts using list PR. PR systems that achieve...