general relativity, a four-velocity is a four-vector in four-dimensional spacetime that represents the relativistic counterpart of velocity, which is a three-dimensional...

Velocity is the speed in combination with the direction of motion of an object. Velocity is a fundamental concept in kinematics, the branch of classical...

m multiplied by the particle's four-velocity, p μ = m u μ , {\displaystyle p^{\mu }=mu^{\mu },} where the four-velocity u is u = ( u 0 , u 1 , u 2 , u...

rotations and boosts (a change by a constant velocity to another inertial reference frame).: ch1  Four-vectors describe, for instance, position xμ in...

In relativistic physics, a velocity-addition formula is an equation that specifies how to combine the velocities of objects in a way that is consistent...

in units in which c = G = 1 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle c=G=1} . The four-velocity of a body on a circular orbit is given by: u μ = ( t ˙ , 0 , 0 , ϕ ˙...

p} . It is a four-dimensional vector, defined in the point p {\displaystyle p} . It is associated with the normal 3-dimensional velocity of the object...

rotations, and the Hermitian element B encodes boosts. The four-velocity, also called proper velocity, is defined as the derivative of the spacetime position...

the work, force (F) times displacement (s), needed to achieve its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the mass maintains...

coordinates in special relativity, four-acceleration A {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} } is defined as the rate of change in four-velocity U {\displaystyle \mathbf {U}...