complexity theory, a natural proof is a certain kind of proof establishing that one complexity class differs from another one. While these proofs are in some sense...

proofs are written in terms of rigorous informal logic. Purely formal proofs, written fully in symbolic language without the involvement of natural language...

mathematical proofs for some properties of addition of the natural numbers: the additive identity, commutativity, and associativity. These proofs are used...

doi:10.1137/0204037. Razborov, Alexander A.; Steven Rudich (1997). "Natural proofs". Journal of Computer and System Sciences. 55 (1): 24–35. doi:10.1006/jcss...

infers that a statement involving a natural number n (that is, an integer n ≥ 0 or 1) holds for all values of n. The proof consists of two steps: The base...

In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to...

In mathematics, a constructive proof is a method of proof that demonstrates the existence of a mathematical object by creating or providing a method for...

Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects,...

In logic, proof by contradiction is a form of proof that establishes the truth or the validity of a proposition by showing that assuming the proposition...

reliably find proof of a given sentence or determine that none exists. The concepts of Fitch-style proof, sequent calculus and natural deduction are generalizations...