The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are natural derivatives of vitamin A or are chemically related to it. Synthetic retinoids are used...

three months. Topical tretinoin is also the most extensively investigated retinoid therapy for photoaging. Common side effects when used as a cream are limited...

Retinoid receptors are type II nuclear receptors (a class of proteins) that bind to retinoids. When bound to a retinoid, they act as transcription factors...

The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by 9-cis retinoic acid, which is discussed controversially to be of endogenous...

is activated by both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid, retinoid active derivatives of Vitamin A. They are typically found within the nucleus...

Adapalene is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne, and is also used off-label to treat keratosis pilaris...

Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR-alpha), also known as NR2B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group B, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded...

clinical evidence suggests it is not effective in this setting. It is a retinoid, meaning it is related to vitamin A, and is found in small quantities naturally...

above do not apply to food sources of vitamin A. Too much vitamin A in retinoid form can be harmful. The body converts the dimerized form, carotene, into...

longer wavelengths, which enable color vision. Retinal is a species of retinoid and the aldehyde form of Vitamin A. Retinal is interconvertible with retinol...