The tangena ordeal was a form of trial by ordeal practiced in Madagascar to determine the guilt or innocence of an accused party. The trial utilized seeds...

of regular warfare, disease, difficult forced labor and the practice of tangena (a harsh trials by ordeal using a poisonous nut from the Cerbera manghas...

Cerbera manghas (formerly Cerbera tanghin), commonly known as the sea mango, tangena or bintaro is a small evergreen coastal tree growing up to 12 metres (39 ft)...

theft, Christianity, and especially witchcraft, for which the ordeal of tangena (Cerbera manghas) was routinely obligatory. In the 1820s, ingestion of...

of Tamil Nadu; dabur (ডাবুর) in Bengali; famentana, kisopo, samanta or tangena in Madagascar; and pong-pong, buta-buta, bintaro or nyan in Southeast Asia...

especially witchcraft, for which the ordeal of tangena was routinely obligatory. Between 1828 and 1861, the tangena ordeal caused about 3,000 deaths annually...

however, were punished in other ways: many were required to undergo the tangena ordeal, while others were condemned to hard labor or the confiscation of...

ordeal of tangena, in which the guilt or innocence of an accused person was determined based on the outcome of consuming the poison of the tangena nut, and...

Malagasy people as a poison consumed in ordeal trials, even before the tangena fruit was used. This lent the flower one of its names vonenina, from Malagasy:...

Merina queen Ranavalona I, who ordered many nobles to undergo the deadly tangena trial by ordeal. Throughout her reign, cultural practices associated with...