Penal labour is a term for various kinds of forced labour that prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour. The work may be light or hard...

governors having absolute authority. Historically, penal colonies have often been used for penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of a state's...

Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour, and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps....

Penal labour in the United Kingdom exists as part of a framework of rehabilitation. Across all jurisdictions of the United Kingdom, imprisonment with "hard...

penal detention with compulsory work (penal labor). The system of labor colonies and camps originated in 1929, and after 1953, the corrective penal colonies...

Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place...

In the United States, penal labor is a multi-billion-dollar industry. Annually, incarcerated workers provide at least $9 billion in services to the prison...

labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form...

A penal treadmill (penal treadwheel or everlasting staircase) was a treadwheel or treadmill with steps set into two cast iron wheels. These drove a shaft...

of these groups. Service in penal military units is generally considered a form of punishment, discipline, or penal labour, used in lieu of, or offered...