and Q: Q survived only to represent /k/ when immediately followed by a /w/ sound. In Turkey between 1928 and 2013 the use of the letter Q, alongside X and...

distribution Q. Mathematically, it is defined as D KL ( P ∥ Q ) = ∑ x ∈ X P ( x )   log ⁡ (   P ( x )   Q ( x ) ) . {\displaystyle D_{\text{KL}}(P\parallel Q)=\sum...

Q ( x ) ≈ Q ~ ( x ) {\displaystyle Q(x)\approx {\tilde {Q}}(x)} , Q ( x ) ≤ Q ~ ( x ) {\displaystyle Q(x)\leq {\tilde {Q}}(x)} , or Q ( x ) ≥ Q ~ ( x...

[ Q x x − Q y y − Q z z Q y x + Q x y Q z x + Q x z Q z y − Q y z Q y x + Q x y Q y y − Q x x − Q z z Q z y + Q y z Q x z − Q z x Q z x + Q x z Q z y...

sense that lim q → 1 ( q x ; q ) n ( 1 − q ) n = ( x ) n . {\displaystyle \lim _{q\to 1}{\frac {(q^{x};q)_{n}}{(1-q)^{n}}}=(x)_{n}.} The q-Pochhammer symbol...

approximation or bound for the closely related Q-function: Q(x) ≈ Q̃(x), Q(x) ≤ Q̃(x), or Q(x) ≥ Q̃(x) for x ≥ 0. The coefficients {(an,bn)}N n = 1 for many...

then satisfies q ( x 0 : T ) = q ( x 0 ) q ( x 1 | x 0 ) ⋯ q ( x T | x T − 1 ) = q ( x 0 ) N ( x 1 | α 1 x 0 , β 1 I ) ⋯ N ( x T | α T x T − 1 , β T I...

{q(x)}}{\ln(2)}}\right]=-\operatorname {E} _{p}\left[\log _{2}{q(x)}\right]=-\sum _{x_{i}}p(x_{i})\,\log _{2}q(x_{i})=-\sum _{x}p(x)\,\log _{2}q(x)=H(p...

number). 1 Q ( x ) = { 1 x ∈ Q 0 x ∉ Q {\displaystyle \mathbf {1} _{\mathbb {Q} }(x)={\begin{cases}1&x\in \mathbb {Q} \\0&x\notin \mathbb {Q} \end{cases}}}...

∑ x p ( x ) log 2 ⁡ p ( x ) = ∏ x p ( x ) − p ( x ) {\displaystyle {\mathit {PP}}(p):=2^{H(p)}=2^{-\sum _{x}p(x)\log _{2}p(x)}=\prod _{x}p(x)^{-p(x)}}...