The lower mantle, historically also known as the mesosphere, represents approximately 56% of Earth's total volume, and is the region from 660 to 2900 km...

A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection within the Earth's mantle, hypothesized to explain anomalous volcanism. Because the plume head partially...

component of mantle convection. This subducted material sinks through the Earth's interior. Some subducted material appears to reach the lower mantle, while...

mantle begins just beneath the crust and ends at the top of the lower mantle. The upper mantle causes the tectonic plates to move. Crust and mantle are...

uppermost mantle. There is debate as to whether the rest of the mantle, especially the lower mantle, has the same bulk composition. The mantle's composition...

and slow down seismic waves. The two mantle phases at the transition zone between Earth's upper and lower mantle, wadsleyite and ringwoodite, could potentially...

P-wave velocity: 10–13 km/s Average S-wave velocity: 5.5–7.0 km/s In the lower mantle, the rise in seismic velocity is driven by increasing pressure, which...

The core–mantle boundary (CMB) of Earth lies between the planet's silicate mantle and its liquid iron–nickel outer core, at a depth of 2,891 km (1,796 mi)...

lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at the convergent boundaries between tectonic plates. Where one tectonic...

conditions—have indicated mechanisms for the element's movement down into the lower mantle, as well as the forms that carbon takes at the extreme temperatures and...