• Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U.S. 55 (1980), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that disproportionate effects alone, absent purposeful...
    11 KB (1,193 words) - 06:19, 14 June 2024
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    [citation needed] Mobile's city commission form of government was challenged and finally overturned in 1982 in City of Mobile v. Bolden, which was remanded...
    179 KB (16,365 words) - 09:15, 30 October 2024
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    2020. Retrieved February 25, 2014. Allen v. State Bd. of Elections, 393 U.S. 544 (1969) Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U.S. 55 (1980) One or more of the preceding...
    173 KB (19,976 words) - 23:37, 22 October 2024
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    decision in Mobile v. Bolden (1980), distinguishing between racist effects and racist intent, and prohibiting only the latter. The Court ruled in Shaw v. Reno...
    19 KB (1,950 words) - 21:07, 7 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965
    prohibition of discriminatory voting laws to overturn the Supreme Court case Mobile v. Bolden (1980), which held that Section 2 prohibited only purposeful discrimination...
    47 KB (4,946 words) - 16:32, 3 August 2024
  • original map of the city was reinstituted. In the controversial case Mobile v Bolden (1980) the court held that 14th amendment voting dilution claims require...
    10 KB (1,139 words) - 01:14, 13 February 2024
  • private plaintiffs to sue to enforce this prohibition.: 138  In City of Mobile v. Bolden (1980), the Supreme Court held that as originally enacted in 1965,...
    25 KB (3,029 words) - 17:26, 6 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Thomas Virgil Pittman
    Ultimately, the United States Supreme Court granted certiorari and in Mobile v. Bolden reversed the appellate judgment and vacated Judge Pittman's decision...
    18 KB (2,104 words) - 17:17, 18 September 2024
  • merely in spite of, its adverse effects upon an identifiable group." In Mobile v. Bolden, the Court cited Washington in holding that the Fifteenth Amendment...
    8 KB (994 words) - 16:14, 18 April 2024
  • test and the "results" test. The Supreme Court's holding in City of Mobile v. Bolden (1980) made it nearly impossible to win Section 2 suits, because plaintiffs...
    27 KB (2,642 words) - 19:33, 24 August 2024