Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U.S. 55 (1980), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that disproportionate effects alone, absent purposeful...
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[citation needed] Mobile's city commission form of government was challenged and finally overturned in 1982 in City of Mobile v. Bolden, which was remanded...
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2020. Retrieved February 25, 2014. Allen v. State Bd. of Elections, 393 U.S. 544 (1969) Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U.S. 55 (1980) One or more of the preceding...
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decision in Mobile v. Bolden (1980), distinguishing between racist effects and racist intent, and prohibiting only the latter. The Court ruled in Shaw v. Reno...
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prohibition of discriminatory voting laws to overturn the Supreme Court case Mobile v. Bolden (1980), which held that Section 2 prohibited only purposeful discrimination...
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original map of the city was reinstituted. In the controversial case Mobile v Bolden (1980) the court held that 14th amendment voting dilution claims require...
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private plaintiffs to sue to enforce this prohibition.: 138 In City of Mobile v. Bolden (1980), the Supreme Court held that as originally enacted in 1965,...
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Thomas Virgil Pittman (section The Bolden case)
Ultimately, the United States Supreme Court granted certiorari and in Mobile v. Bolden reversed the appellate judgment and vacated Judge Pittman's decision...
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merely in spite of, its adverse effects upon an identifiable group." In Mobile v. Bolden, the Court cited Washington in holding that the Fifteenth Amendment...
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test and the "results" test. The Supreme Court's holding in City of Mobile v. Bolden (1980) made it nearly impossible to win Section 2 suits, because plaintiffs...
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