Surat Al-Ard, also known as Al-Masalek wa Al-Mamalek, is a book on geography and travel written by the merchant traveler Abul Qasim Muhammad Ibn Hawqal...

mathematics. Al-Khwārizmī systematized and corrected Ptolemy's data for Africa and the Middle East. Another major book was Kitab surat al-ard ("The Image...

travelled from AD 943 to 969. His famous work, written in 977, is called Surat Al-Ard (صورة الارض; "The face of the Earth"). The date of his death, known from...

his book Kitab al-Surat al-Ard. Istakhri's two surviving works are: Masālik al-Mamālik (مسالك الممالك, Routes of the Realms), or Kitab al-masalik wa-l-mamalik...

tradition of mapping appears in related works including Ibn Hawqal's Ṣūrat al-’Arḍ (صورة الارض; "The face of the Earth"). Book of Roads and Kingdoms, written...

writer Ibn Hawqal, in his Ṣūrat al-Arḍ, refers to "the language of the people of Azerbaijan and most of the people of Armenia" as al-fāresīya. Yarshater, E...

(died after 978): Kitāb Sūrat al-ard ("Book of the Face of the Earth") Al-Maqdisi (c. 945/946–991): Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fi maʾarfat al-aqalīm ("The Finest Divisions...

the Arabic Ṣurāt al-Arḍ of Ibn Ḥawqal (977), which is a revised version of the geographical treatise Kitāb al-Masālik waʿl-mamālik by al-Iṣṭakhrī (951)...

Chareyron 2005, 174. See Sacy 1801, 449. Kitab Surat al-ard; trans. Kramers and Wiet 1964, 150; quoted in al-Maqrizi's (d. 1442) influential Hitat 1.40;...

Maghreb between 947 and 951 A.D. According to the account in his Kitab Surat al-Ard, completed around 988 AD, Sijilmasa grew in economic power due to shifting...