precipitates). Fouling can be divided into reversible and irreversible fouling based on the attachment strength of particles to the membrane surface. Reversible...

agents are sodium hypochlorite (for organic fouling) and citric acid (for inorganic fouling). Every membrane supplier proposes their chemical cleaning recipes...

that, as with other membrane separation processes, membrane fouling is the most serious problem affecting system performance. Fouling leads to a significant...

incurred due to membrane fouling and replacement. Additional pretreatment of feed water is required to prevent excessive damage to the membrane units. In many...

membrane separation processes (especially bioseparations), higher surface hydrophilicity corresponds to the lower fouling. Synthetic membrane fouling...

extensive membrane fouling and concentration polarization. The fouling is usually induced faster at higher driving forces. Membrane fouling and particle...

Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces. The fouling materials can consist of either living organisms (biofouling, organic)...

on high concentration (measured with electrical conductivity) and membrane fouling. RO applicability is limited by conductivity, organics, and scaling...

prevent membrane fouling. Repligen is the largest producer of ATF systems. Clean-in-place systems are typically used to remove fouling from membranes after...

most advantageous in terms of operability. In these variants, less membrane fouling occurs, and therefore these variants are functional for long periods...