positive natural numbers are referred to as negative integers. The set of all integers is often denoted by the boldface Z or blackboard bold Z {\displaystyle...

point z 0 {\displaystyle z_{0}} if the limit lim z → z 0 f ( z ) − f ( z 0 ) z − z 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{z\to z_{0}}{f(z)-f(z_{0}) \over z-z_{0}}} exists...

complex numbers with positive real part: Γ ( z ) = ∫ 0 ∞ t z − 1 e − t  d t ,   ℜ ( z ) > 0 . {\displaystyle \Gamma (z)=\int _{0}^{\infty }t^{z-1}e^{-t}{\text{...

natural numbers N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } to the integers Z , {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} ,} an injective homomorphism of ordered rings from Z {\displaystyle...

s(z)={\frac {z}{1-z-z^{2}}}.} This can be proved by multiplying by ( 1 − z − z 2 ) {\textstyle (1-z-z^{2})} : ( 1 − z − z 2 ) s ( z ) = ∑ k = 0 ∞ F k z...

rational numbers may be built as equivalence classes of ordered pairs of integers. More precisely, let ⁠ ( Z × ( Z ∖ { 0 } ) ) {\displaystyle (\mathbb {Z} \times...

the natural numbers are the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on, possibly excluding 0. Some start counting with 0, defining the natural numbers as the non-negative...

the atomic numbers of all known elements from hydrogen to uranium (Z = 92) were examined by his method. There were seven elements (with Z < 92) which...

real numbers then the complex conjugate of a + b i {\displaystyle a+bi} is a − b i . {\displaystyle a-bi.} The complex conjugate of z {\displaystyle z} is...

the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers can be represented...