A qupai (Chinese: 曲牌; pinyin: qǔpái; also called Chinese: 牌子; pinyin: paizi) is the generic term for a fixed melody used in traditional Chinese music....

chuanju five melodic styles Archived 2007-07-16 at the Wayback Machine "川剧高腔的曲牌" [The Qupai of Sichuan Opera]. 中国戏曲风 (in Chinese). Retrieved 4 April 2023...

"電視調對台灣歌仔戲曲調運用的研究". hdl:11296/f7wxby. Retrieved 2023-08-01. 游, 素凰 (2019-06-01). "從「曲牌八律」觀察歌仔戲載體「歌謠小調」之質性". 戲曲學報 (20): 25–100. Archived from the original on 2023-08-01...