Pope Benedict XIII (r. 1724–1730) created 29 new cardinals in 12 consistories: Both cardinals received their titular churches on 20 November 1724. Giovanni...

Pope Benedict XIII (Latin: Benedictus XIII; Italian: Benedetto XIII; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco Orsini and later called...

college of cardinals demand it. On the death of Urban VI in 1389, the Roman College of Cardinals had chosen Boniface IX; the election of Benedict therefore...

Pope Benedict XVI (r. 2005–2013) created 90 cardinals in five consistories. With three of those consistories he respected the limit on the number of cardinal...

30 November 1406 by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should Antipope Benedict XIII (1394–1423), the rival...

his brother Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart. Clement XIII created 52 new cardinals in seven consistories in his pontificate. The pope created his nephew...

Pope Benedict XV (r. 1914–1922) created 32 cardinals in five consistories over less than seven and a half years, with a three year gap during the worst...

However, one of Benedict XIII's cardinals, Jean Carrier, disputed the validity of this election. Carrier, acting as the College of Cardinals by himself, elected...

rival pope at Avignon, Benedict XIII. The Roman cardinals asked these delegates whether their master would abdicate if the cardinals refrained from holding...

to that point. Together Pius IX and Leo XIII ruled for a total of 57 years. In 1914, the College of Cardinals chose della Chiesa at the relatively young...