Covariance in probability theory and statistics is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. The sign of the covariance, therefore,...

and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square...

average) or empirical mean (empirical average), and the sample covariance or empirical covariance are statistics computed from a sample of data on one or more...

Look up covariance or contravariance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Covariance and contravariance may refer to: Covariance and contravariance of...

theory and statistics, the covariance function describes how much two random variables change together (their covariance) with varying spatial or temporal...

through space". Lorentz covariance, a related concept, is a property of the underlying spacetime manifold. Lorentz covariance has two distinct, but closely...

In theoretical physics, general covariance, also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance, consists of the invariance of the form of physical...

statistics, sometimes the covariance matrix of a multivariate random variable is not known but has to be estimated. Estimation of covariance matrices then deals...

the covariance of two variables and the product of their standard deviations; thus, it is essentially a normalized measurement of the covariance, such...

eigenvectors of the data's covariance matrix. Thus, the principal components are often computed by eigendecomposition of the data covariance matrix or singular...