Sosial sinif — Vikipediya
Sosial sinif — cəmiyyətlər və ya mədəniyyətlər daxilində mövcud olan fərdlər və ya qrupların arasındakı iyerarxik fərqlərə (və ya təbəqələşməyə) əsaslanır. Burada əsasən, fərdlər sinif daxilindəki iqtisadi mövqelərinə, təbəqələşmə sistemi daxilində isə bir-biri ilə oxşar olan siyasi və iqtisadi maraqlarına görə qruplaşdırılırlar.
Əksər cəmiyyətlərdə, xüsusən də milli dövlətlərin mövcud olduğu cəmiyyətlərdə sosial sinfi xüsusiyyətlərin nümayiş etdirildiyi görülür.[1] Lakin siniflər universal bir hadisə deyildirlər. Bir çox ibtidai icma quruluşu formasında yaşayan ovçu-yığıcı cəmiyyətlərdə sosial təbəqələşmə mövcud deyildir. Bu cür cəmiyyətlərdə çox zaman daimi liderlər də mövcud olmur və cəmiyyət üzvləri özləri də iyerarxik güc strukturlarına bölünməkdən çəkinirlər.[2]
Əlavə ədəbiyyat siyahısı
[redaktə | mənbəni redaktə et]- Archer, Louise et al. Higher Education and Social Class: Issues of Exclusion and Inclusion (RoutledgeFalmer, 2003) (ISBN 0-415-27644-6)
- Aronowitz, Stanley, How Class Works: Power and Social Movement Arxivləşdirilib 2023-04-08 at the Wayback Machine, Yale University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-300-10504-5
- Barbrook, Richard. The Class of the New (paperback). London: OpenMute. 2006. ISBN 978-0-9550664-7-4. 1 August 2018 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 15 March 2022.
- Beckert, Sven, and Julia B. Rosenbaum, eds. The American Bourgeoisie: Distinction and Identity in the Nineteenth Century (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 284 pages; Scholarly studies on the habits, manners, networks, institutions, and public roles of the American middle class with a focus on cities in the North.
- Benschop, Albert. Classes – Transformational Class Analysis Arxivləşdirilib 18 avqust 2018 at the Wayback Machine (Amsterdam: Spinhuis; 1993/2012).
- Bertaux, Daniel & Thomson, Paul; Pathways to Social Class: A Qualitative Approach to Social Mobility (Clarendon Press, 1997)
- Bisson, Thomas N.; Cultures of Power: Lordship, Status, and Process in Twelfth-Century Europe (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995)
- Blackledge, Paul. "Why workers can change the world". Socialist Review. 364. London. 2011. 10 December 2011 tarixində arxivləşdirilib.
- Blau, Peter & Duncan Otis D.; The American Occupational Structure (1967) classic study of structure and mobility
- Brady, David "Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty" Social Forces Vol. 81 No. 3, (March 2003), pp. 715–751 (abstract online Arxivləşdirilib 4 mart 2016 at the Wayback Machine in Project Muse).
- Broom, Leonard & Jones, F. Lancaster; Opportunity and Attainment in Australia (1977)
- Cohen, Lizabeth; Consumer's Republic, (Knopf, 2003) (ISBN 0-375-40750-2). (Historical analysis of the working out of class in the United States).
- Connell, R.W and Irving, T.H., 1992. Class Structure in Australian History: Poverty and Progress. Longman Cheshire.
- de Ste. Croix, Geoffrey. "Class in Marx's conception of history, ancient and modern". New Left Review. I (146). July–August 1984: 94–111. 4 March 2016 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 7 January 2016. (Good study of Marx's concept.)
- Dargin, Justin The Birth of Russia's Energy Class, Asia Times (2007) (good study of contemporary class formation in Russia, post communism)
- Day, Gary; Class, (Routledge, 2001) (ISBN 0-415-18222-0)
- Domhoff, G. William, Who Rules America? Power, Politics, and Social Change, Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall, 1967. (Domhoff's companion site to the book Arxivləşdirilib 26 yanvar 2009 at the Wayback Machine at the University of California, Santa Cruz)
- Eichar, Douglas M.; Occupation and Class Consciousness in America (Greenwood Press, 1989)
- Fantasia, Rick; Levine, Rhonda F.; McNall, Scott G., eds.; Bringing Class Back in Contemporary and Historical Perspectives (Westview Press, 1991)
- Featherman, David L. & Hauser Robert M.; Opportunity and Change (1978).
- Fotopoulos, Takis, Class Divisions Today: The Inclusive Democracy approach Arxivləşdirilib 1 sentyabr 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Democracy & Nature, Vol. 6, No. 2, (July 2000)
- Fussell, Paul; Class (a painfully accurate guide through the American status system), (1983) (ISBN 0-345-31816-1)
- Giddens, Anthony; The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies, (London: Hutchinson, 1981).
- Giddens, Anthony & Mackenzie, Gavin (Eds.), Social Class and the Division of Labour. Essays in Honour of Ilya Neustadt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
- Goldthorpe, John H. & Erikson Robert; The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Society (1992)
- Grusky, David B. ed.; Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective (2001) scholarly articles
- Hazelrigg, Lawrence E. & Lopreato, Joseph; Class, Conflict, and Mobility: Theories and Studies of Class Structure (1972).
- Hymowitz, Kay; Marriage and Caste in America: Separate and Unequal Families in a Post-Marital Age (2006) ISBN 1-56663-709-0
- Kaeble, Helmut; Social Mobility in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective (1985)
- Jakopovich, Daniel, The Concept of Class Arxivləşdirilib 24 sentyabr 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge Studies in Social Research, No. 14, Social Science Research Group, University of Cambridge, 2014
- Jens Hoff, "The Concept of Class and Public Employees". Acta Sociologica, vol. 28, no. 3, July 1985, pp. 207–226.
- Mahalingam, Ramaswami; "Essentialism, Culture, and Power: Representations of Social Class" Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 59, (2003), pp. 733+ on India
- Mahony, Pat & Zmroczek, Christine; Class Matters: 'Working-Class' Women's Perspectives on Social Class (Taylor & Francis, 1997)
- Manza, Jeff & Brooks, Clem; Social Cleavages and Political Change: Voter Alignments and U.S. Party Coalitions (Oxford University Press, 1999).
- Manza, Jeff; "Political Sociological Models of the U.S. New Deal" Annual Review of Sociology, (2000) pp. 297+
- Manza, Jeff; Hout, Michael; Clem, Brooks. "Class Voting in Capitalist Democracies since World War II: Dealignment, Realignment, or Trendless Fluctuation?". Annual Review of Sociology. 21. 1995: 137–162. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.21.1.137.
- Marmot, Michael; The Status Syndrome: How Social Standing Affects Our Health and Longevity (2004)
- Marx, Karl & Engels, Frederick; The Communist Manifesto, (1848). (The key statement of class conflict as the driver of historical change).
- Merriman, John M.; Consciousness and Class Experience in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1979)
- Ostrander, Susan A.; Women of the Upper Class (Temple University Press, 1984).
- Owensby, Brian P.; Intimate Ironies: Modernity and the Making of Middle-Class Lives in Brazil (Stanford University, 1999).
- Pakulski, Jan & Waters, Malcolm; The Death of Class (Sage, 1996). (rejection of the relevance of class for modern societies)
- Payne, Geoff; The Social Mobility of Women: Beyond Male Mobility Models (1990)
- Savage, Mike; Class Analysis and Social Transformation (London: Open University Press, 2000).
- Stahl, Garth; "Identity, Neoliberalism and Aspiration: Educating White Working-Class Boys" (London, Routledge, 2015).
- Sennett, Richard & Cobb, Jonathan; The Hidden Injuries of Class, (Vintage, 1972) (classic study of the subjective experience of class).
- Siegelbaum, Lewis H., Suny, Ronald; eds.; Making Workers Soviet: Power, Class, and Identity. (Cornell University Press, 1994). Russia 1870–1940
- Wlkowitz, Daniel J.; Working with Class: Social Workers and the Politics of Middle-Class Identity (University of North Carolina Press, 1999).
- Weber, Max. "Class, Status and Party", in e.g. Gerth, Hans and C. Wright Mills, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, (Oxford University Press, 1958). (Weber's key statement of the multiple nature of stratification).
- Weinburg, Mark; "The Social Analysis of Three Early 19th century French liberals: Say, Comte, and Dunoyer" Arxivləşdirilib 24 dekabr 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Libertarian Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 45–63, (1978).
- Wood, Ellen Meiksins; The Retreat from Class: A New 'True' Socialism, (Schocken Books, 1986) (ISBN 0-8052-7280-1) and (Verso Classics, January 1999) reprint with new introduction (ISBN 1-85984-270-4).
- Wood, Ellen Meiksins; "Labor, the State, and Class Struggle", Monthly Review, Vol. 49, No. 3, (1997).
- Wouters, Cas.; "The Integration of Social Classes". Journal of Social History. Volume 29, Issue 1, (1995). pp 107+. (on social manners)
- Wright, Erik Olin; The Debate on Classes (Verso, 1990). (neo-Marxist)
- Wright, Erik Olin; Class Counts: Comparative Studies in Class Analysis (Cambridge University Press, 1997)
- Wright, Erik Olin ed. Approaches to Class Analysis (2005). (scholarly articles)
- Zmroczek, Christine & Mahony, Pat (Eds.), Women and Social Class: International Feminist Perspectives. (London: UCL Press 1999)
- The lower your social class, the 'wiser' you are, suggests new study Arxivləşdirilib 22 iyul 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Science. 20 December 2017.
İstinadlar
[redaktə | mənbəni redaktə et]- ↑ Habermas, J. (2006). "the European Nation State - Its Achievments and Its Limits. On the Past and Future Sovereignty and Citizenship", in G. Balakrishan (ed.) Mapping the Nation. London: Vernon. 281 - 294
- ↑ Gowdy, John (2006) "Hunter-gatherers and the mythology of the market," in Richard B. Lee and Richard H. Daly (eds.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers, pp.391-394. New York: Cambridge University Press