Overview of the events of 1968 in science
The year 1968 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
April – First book printed completely using electronic composition, the United States edition of Andrew Garve 's thriller The Long Short Cut .[ 2] [ 3] July 18 – The semiconductor chip company Intel is founded by Gordon E. Moore and Robert Noyce in Mountain View, California . December 9 – In what becomes retrospectively known as "The Mother of All Demos ", Douglas Engelbart of Stanford Research Institute 's Augmentation Research Center demonstrates for the first time the computer mouse , the video conference , teleconferencing , hypertext , word processing , hypermedia , object addressing, the dynamic linker and a collaborative real-time editor using NLS .[ 4] [ 5] [ 6] January 11 – Benjamin List , German organic chemist, recipient of 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry March 3 – Brian Cox , English physicist and science communicator, previously rock keyboardist March 9 – Maggie Aderin-Pocock , English space scientist and science educator March 16 – David MacMillan , Scottish-born organic chemist, recipient of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry June 30 – Samantha Tross , Guyanese -born British orthopedic surgeon September 30 – Bennet Omalu , Nigerian physician, forensic pathologist and neuropathologist December 11 – Emmanuelle Charpentier , French biochemist , recipient of 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[ 15] January 6 – Xu Shunshou (born 1917 ), Chinese aeronautical engineer . February 1 – Jacob van der Hoeden (born 1891 ), Dutch-Israeli veterinary scientist February 21 – Howard Florey (born 1898 ), Australian pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine February 22 – May Smith (born 1879 ), English experimental psychologist . March 27 – Yuri Gagarin (born 1934 ), Russian cosmonaut , the first man in space . April 1 – Lev Davidovich Landau (born 1908 ), Russian physicist . June 21 – Constance Georgina Tardrew (born 1883 ), South African botanist.[ 16] July 22 – Muthulakshmi Reddi (born 1886 ), Indian physician and social reformer. July 28 – Otto Hahn (born 1879 ), German chemist , recipient of 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry . October 27 – Lise Meitner (born 1878 ), German physicist, discoverer in 1939, with Otto Hahn, of nuclear fission.[ 17] November 8 – Chika Kuroda (born 1884 ), Japanese chemist.[ 18] ^ Nature 218 pp. 731–732. ^ Altbach, Philip Gabriel; Hoshino, Edith S. (1995). International Book Publishing: An Encyclopedia . Garland Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-8153-0786-0 . ^ Kane, Joseph Nathan (1997). Famous First Facts: A Record of First Happenings, Discoveries, and Inventions in American History (5th ed.). The H.W. Wilson Company. p. 67 . ISBN 978-0-8242-0930-8 . ^ English, W. K. ; Engelbart, D. C. (1968-12-09). "A Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect" . AFIPS Conference Proceedings of the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference . Augment . Vol. 33. San Francisco. pp. 395–410. 3954. ^ Tweney, Dylan (2008-09-12). "Dec. 9, 1968: The Mother of All Demos" . Wired News . Retrieved 2011-01-24 . ^ Metz, Cade (2008-12-11). "The Mother of All Demos — 150 years ahead of its time" . The Register . Retrieved 2011-01-24 . ^ Segre, Beniamino (1968). "Alcune proprietà differenziali in grande delle curve chiuse sghembe". Rendiconti di Matematica . 1 : 237–297. MR 0243466 . ^ "A definition of irreversible coma: report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to examine the definition of brain death" . Journal of the American Medical Association . 205 (6): 337–340. 1968. doi :10.1001/jama.205.6.337 . PMID 5694976 . ^ Machado, Calixto (2005). "The first organ transplant from a brain-dead donor". Neurology . 64 (11): 1938–42. doi :10.1212/01.wnl.0000163515.09793.cb . PMID 15955947 . S2CID 11058683 . ^ DiGeorge, A. M. (1968), Congenital absence of the thymus and its immunologic consequences: concurrence with congenital hypoparathyroidism , vol. IV, White Plains, NY: March of Dimes-Birth Defects Foundation, pp. 116–21 ^ Restivo, Angelo; Sarkozy, Anna; Digilio, Maria Cristina; Dallapiccola, Bruno; Marino, Bruno (2006). "22q11 Deletion syndrome: a review of some developmental biology aspects of the cardiovascular system" . Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine . 7 (2): 77–85. doi :10.2459/01.JCM.0000203848.90267.3e . PMID 16645366 . S2CID 25905258 . ^ "1968: Georges Charpak revolutionizes detection" . CERN. 2008. Retrieved 2011-02-28 . ^ Darley, J. M. & Latané, B. (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility" . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology . 8 (4, Pt.1): 377–383. doi :10.1037/h0025589 . PMID 5645600 . Archived from the original on 2013-05-07. Retrieved 2011-02-27 . ^ US 3297025 , Jacuzzi, Candido, "Hydrotherapy tub", published 1967-01-10, assigned to Jacuzzi Bros. Inc. . ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020" . NobelPrize.org . Retrieved 2020-10-07 . ^ Rall, Maureen (2002). Petticoat Pioneers: The History of the Pioneer Women who Lived on the Diamond Fields in the Early Years . Kimberley, South Africa: Kimberley Africana Library. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-62027-613-9 . ^ Bailey Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy (2000). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z . London: Routledge. p. 877. ISBN 978-0-41592-040-7 . ^ Chika Kuroda--日本初の女性化学者