2007 in spaceflight
![]() SRE-1, the first Indian recovered spacecraft, on public display at Thiruvananthapuram | |
Orbital launches | |
---|---|
First | 10 January |
Last | 25 December |
Total | 68 |
Successes | 63 |
Failures | 3 |
Partial failures | 2 |
Catalogued | 65 |
National firsts | |
Satellite | ![]() ![]() |
Space traveller | ![]() |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | Atlas V 421 Long March 3B/E Proton-M Enhanced PSLV-CA Shavit-2 Zenit-2M |
Retirements | H-IIA 2022 |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 5 |
Total travellers | 27 |
The year 2007 contained several significant events in spaceflight, including a Chinese ASAT test, the launches of the US Phoenix and Dawn missions to study Mars and Asteroid belt respectively, Japan's Kaguya Lunar orbiter, and the first Chinese Lunar probe, Chang'e 1.
The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first recorded spaceflight launch of the year occurred on 10 January, when a PSLV, launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, placed four spacecraft into low Earth orbit. One of these spacecraft was SRE-1, which returned to Earth twelve days later, in the first Indian attempt to recover a satellite after re-entry.
Several carrier rockets made their maiden flights in 2007; the PSLV-CA, Long March 3B/E, Shavit-2, Zenit-2M, Proton-M Enhanced. These were all modernised or upgraded versions of existing systems. The RS-24 missile also conducted its first launch, and the Atlas V made its first flight in the 421 configuration. The first Colombian and Mauritian satellites, Libertad 1 and Rascom-QAF 1 respectively, were launched in 2007, although a helium leak reduced Rascom's operational lifetime by thirteen years.
Space exploration
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dawn_launch.jpg/200px-Dawn_launch.jpg)
Several spacecraft were launched to explore the Moon. Japan's Kaguya orbiter, along with the smaller Okina and Ouna relay spacecraft, was launched on 14 September. The spacecraft entered Selenocentric orbit on 3 October. China launched its first Lunar probe, Chang'e 1, on 24 October, with the spacecraft entering Selenocentric orbit on 5 November. In 2009, two satellites launched into highly elliptical Earth orbits in 2007 as part of the THEMIS mission were also sent to the Moon. They are expected to arrive in October 2010.
In August, the NASA Phoenix spacecraft was launched towards Mars, followed by the Dawn mission to the Asteroid belt in September. Cassini continued to make flybys of the moons of Saturn, mostly focussing on Titan. In November, Rosetta flew past Earth, where it was mistaken for an asteroid, and given the provisional designation 2007 VN84.
Crewed spaceflight
[edit]Five crewed flights were launched in 2007, two by Russia and three by the United States. Russia flew two Soyuz missions to the International Space Station for crew rotation. Soyuz TMA-10, launched on 7 April, carried the Expedition 15 crew to the Station. Space tourist Charles Simonyi was also launched on this flight, and landed aboard Soyuz TMA-9 a few days later. When TMA-10 returned to Earth in October, it made the first of two consecutive ballistic re-entries of Soyuz spacecraft, due to problems with separation bolts. Soyuz TMA-11, launched on 10 October, carried the Expedition 16 crew, and the first Malaysian in space, Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, who was selected for flight under the Angkasawan programme. He landed aboard Soyuz TMA-10. When TMA-11 landed in 2008, it also made a ballistic descent.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iss016e012617.jpg/200px-Iss016e012617.jpg)
2007 also saw the continued assembly of the International Space Station, by US Space Shuttle flights. On 8 June Atlantis made the first Shuttle launch of the year, STS-117, with seven astronauts, and the S3/4 truss segment of the ISS. It was the first Shuttle to launch from Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center since STS-107 in 2003. Launch had previously been delayed from February due to Hail damage to the External Tank, which required a rollback to repair in the Vehicle Assembly Building. In August, Endeavour launched on its first mission since 2002, STS-118. This carried the S5 truss segment, and marked the final flight of the Spacehab module, which was used to carry supplies. NASA's first Educator Astronaut, Barbara Morgan flew aboard STS-118. Morgan had previously been a backup for Christa McAuliffe, who was killed in the Challenger accident in 1986. STS-120, launched on 23 October using Discovery, carried the Harmony node, the first pressurised ISS component to be launched since Pirs in September 2001. Attempts to launch Atlantis in December on STS-122 were scrubbed, and the launch was delayed to 2008 after ECO sensors in the External Tank failed.
Launch failures
[edit]Three orbital launch attempts in 2007, involving a Zenit, a Falcon 1, and a Proton failed, and two others, an Atlas V and a GSLV, resulted in partial failures. On 30 January, a Sea Launch Zenit-3SL exploded on the Ocean Odyssey launch platform, seconds after ignition. The failure destroyed the NSS-8 satellite, and caused considerable damage to the Odyssey platform. It was later determined that the failure had been caused by debris in the turbopump. As a result of downtime to conduct repairs, and bad sea conditions at the end of the year, Sea Launch did not conduct another launch until 2008.
On 21 March, SpaceX launched the second Falcon 1. Due to the failure of the maiden flight, the launch was conducted as a demonstration flight without a functional payload. The launch failed to reach orbit due to a chain of events, starting with an error in setting the fuel mix ratio, which resulted in first stage underperformance, and the rocket being too low at the time of first stage separation. Additional atmospheric drag at this altitude caused recontact between the stages, setting up a fuel slosh in the second stage. This resulted in the premature cutoff of the second stage, and the rocket failed to reach orbit. This was the last launch of the Falcon 1 with the ablatively cooled Merlin-1A engine, which was replaced with the regeneratively cooled Merlin-1C for subsequent flights, starting in August 2008. As several test objectives were completed, SpaceX claimed that the launch was a success overall, and declared the Falcon 1 operational.
The Atlas family ended a run of eighty consecutive successful launches over fourteen years, after a partial failure of an Atlas V launched on 15 June. A faulty valve caused a fuel leak in the Centaur upper stage, resulting in a premature cutoff at the end of its second burn. This resulted in the USA-194 satellites being delivered into a lower orbit than planned. The spacecraft were able to correct the orbit using their manoeuvring engines.
The fifth GSLV was launched on 2 September, with the INSAT-4CR satellite. This was the first GSLV launch since the failure in July 2006. The rocket underperformed, and placed the satellite into an orbit with a lower apogee and greater inclination than planned. This required the spacecraft to use fuel reserved for stationkeeping to raise itself to the correct orbit, at the expense of its operational lifetime.
On 5 September, a Proton-M with a Briz-M upper stage failed to place the JCSAT-11 into orbit, after the second stage of the carrier rocket failed to separate from the first. It was later established that damaged cabling had been the cause of the malfunction.
Summary of launches
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Delta-4H_DSP-23_2.jpg/200px-Delta-4H_DSP-23_2.jpg)
In total, sixty eight orbital launches were made in 2007, with sixty five reaching orbit, and three outright failures. This was an increase of two orbital launch attempts on 2006, with one more launch reaching orbit. The final launch of the year was conducted on 25 December, by a Proton-M with three GLONASS navigation satellites for the Russian government.
Suborbital spaceflight in 2007 saw a number of sounding rocket and missile launches. On 11 January, the Chinese People's Liberation Army used a Dong-Feng 21 derived anti-satellite weapon to destroy Feng Yun 1C, a retired weather satellite. Russia also began testing the RS-24 Yars missile
China conducted ten orbital launches in 2007, using the Long March family of rockets, whilst Europe conducted five using the Ariane 5. India made three orbital launch attempts, using PSLV-C, PSLV-CA and GSLV rockets, with the GSLV launch resulting in a partial failure. Israel conducted a single successful launch using the first Shavit-2 rocket. Japan successfully launched two H-IIA rockets. Russia and the former Soviet Union conducted twenty six launches, including one failure, but not including the international Sea Launch programme, whose single launch attempt failed. Nineteen launches were conducted by the United States, which had originally announced plans to launch many more, however technical issues with the Atlas V, Delta IV and Falcon 1, caused a number of delays. Two of six planned Space Shuttle launches were also delayed to 2008, STS-123 due to knock-on delays from STS-117, and STS-122 due to problems with engine cutoff sensors.
Launches
[edit]Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | |||
Remarks | ||||||||
January[edit] | ||||||||
10 January 03:53[1] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 14 February 2024 10:18 | Successful | |||
![]() | ISRO | Low Earth (polar) | Technology demonstration | 22 January 04:16[2] | Successful | |||
![]() ![]() | LAPAN/TU Berlin | Low Earth (polar) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | AATE | Low Earth (polar) | Technology demonstration | 16 January 2023[3] | Successful | |||
SRE was the first Indian spacecraft to be recovered following reentry. Pehuensat-1 intentionally remained attached to the payload adapter. | ||||||||
18 January 02:12[4] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 1 August 19:26 | Successful | |||
ISS flight 24P | ||||||||
30 January 23:22[4] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | SES New Skies | Intended: Geosynchronous | Communication | T-0 | Launch failure | |||
First stage engine failed due to debris in turbopump,[5] rocket exploded on launch pad | ||||||||
February[edit] | ||||||||
2 February 16:28[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | CNSA | Geostationary | Navigation | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure Operational | |||
Problems deploying solar panels, eventually corrected from ground | ||||||||
17 February 23:01[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NASA | Highly elliptical | Auroral | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() ![]() | NASA | Highly elliptical Selenocentric (planned) | Auroral | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() ![]() | NASA | Highly elliptical Selenocentric (planned) | Auroral | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | NASA | Highly elliptical | Auroral | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | NASA | Highly elliptical | Auroral | In orbit | Operational | |||
Primary THEMIS mission completed in 2009. Three spacecraft remain in use for an extension of the same mission, whilst the other two are en route to the Moon for the Artemis mission. | ||||||||
24 February 04:41[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | CSICE | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | 13 April 2014 | Partial spacecraft failure | |||
![]() | CSICE | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance Technology | 12 November 2013 02:31 | Successful | |||
IGS-Radar 2 failed on 29 August 2010 due to battery problems[7] | ||||||||
March[edit] | ||||||||
9 March 03:10[8] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | DARPA | Low Earth | Technology | 25 October 2013[9] | Successful | |||
![]() | LANL | Low Earth | Ionospheric | 12 November 2022[10] | Successful | |||
![]() | US Air Force Academy | Low Earth | Ionospheric Plasma | 21 January 2023[11] | Successful | |||
![]() | US Naval Academy | Low Earth | Radiation Technology | 17 August 2023[12] | Successful | |||
![]() | DARPA | Low Earth | Technology | 21 April 2023[13] | Successful | |||
![]() | US Air Force/STP | Low Earth | Atmospheric Technology | 8 November 2023[14] | Successful | |||
ASTRO and NEXTSat were used for the Orbital Express test programme, with the former refuelling and servicing the latter. Launch designated STP-1. | ||||||||
11 March 22:03[8] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Paradigm/MoD | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
21 March 01:10[15] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | SpaceX/DARPA/NASA | Intended: Low Earth | Technology | 21 March | Launch failure | |||
Loss of signal after control problems, failed to reach orbit, some test objectives achieved. | ||||||||
April[edit] | ||||||||
7 April 17:31[15] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS Expedition 15 | 21 October 10:36 | Successful | |||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts, including a paying space tourist | ||||||||
9 April 22:54[15] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | |||||
![]() | Telesat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure | |||
Ka-band transmitter malfunction | ||||||||
11 April 03:27[15] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | CAST | Sun-synchronous | Oceanography | In orbit | Operational | |||
13 April 20:11[15] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | CNSA | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
17 April 06:46:34[15] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NARS | Sun-synchronous | Observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Scientific | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | CalPoly | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure Operational | |||
![]() | CalPoly | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Lafayette | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure | |||
![]() | Sergio Arboleda | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Successful | |||
![]() | Aerospace Corporation | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | |||
![]() | Boeing | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Tethers Unlimited | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |||
CP-3, CP-4, CAPE-1, Libertad 1, AeroCube 2, CSTB-1, and MAST in P-POD containers, problems with power supply of CAPE-1; Libertad 1 deactivated following completion of mission; AeroCube 2 suffered solar panel/converter malfunction;[16] CP-3 mission affected by communications system reliability issues[17] | ||||||||
23 April 10:00[15] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | ASI | Low Earth | GR Astronomy | 13 February 2024 | Successful | |||
![]() | ISRO | Low Earth | Technology | 19 July 2022[18] | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of PSLV-CA | ||||||||
24 April 06:48[19] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | MDA | Low Earth | Missile defence | 4 November 2015[20] | Successful | |||
25 April 20:26:00[19] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth | Aeronomy | In orbit | Operational | |||
May[edit] | ||||||||
4 May 22:29[19] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | SES Astra | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
12 May 03:25:38[19] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 25 September 19:48 | Successful | |||
ISS flight 25P | ||||||||
13 May 16:01[19] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NASRDA | Service: Geosynchronous Now: Graveyard | Communications | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | |||
Maiden flight of Long March 3B/E, first African geosynchronous communication satellite, retired due to power system malfunction in November 2008.[21] | ||||||||
25 May 07:12[23] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | CNSA | Sun-synchronous | Earth imaging | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Zhejiang University | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |||
100th successful Chinese orbital launch,[22] MEMS-Pico conducted microelectronic research | ||||||||
29 May 20:31:30[23] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | |||||
![]() | Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
31 May 16:08[23] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Sinosat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
100th flight of Long March carrier rocket | ||||||||
June[edit] | ||||||||
7 June 18:00[23] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | VKS | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 22 August 21:00 | Successful | |||
8 June 02:34:01[23] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | ASI[24] | Sun-synchronous | Imaging | In orbit | Operational | |||
8 June 23:38:04[23] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 22 June 19:49:38 | Successful | |||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | In orbit | Operational | |||
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts, ISS crew rotation | ||||||||
10 June | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | IAI/Israeli military | Low Earth (retrograde) | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational[25] | |||
Maiden flight of Shavit-2 | ||||||||
15 June 02:14[23] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | DLR | Low Earth | Radar imaging | In orbit | Operational | |||
15 June 15:04[23] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NRO | Low Earth | Ocean surveillance | In orbit | Partial launch failure Operational | |||
![]() | NRO | Low Earth | Ocean surveillance | In orbit | Partial launch failure Operational | |||
NRO Launch 30R, placed in incorrect orbit due to premature cutoff of Centaur upper stage,[26] spacecraft corrected using their own thrusters, reducing lifespan | ||||||||
28 June 15:02[27] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Bigelow Aerospace | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |||
Experimental inflatable module | ||||||||
29 June 10:00[27] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | VKS | Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Operational | |||
Maiden flight of Zenit-2M | ||||||||
July[edit] | ||||||||
2 July 19:38[27] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Bundeswehr | Low Earth (Polar) | Radar reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
5 July 12:08[27] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | ChinaSatcom | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
7 July 01:16:00[27] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | |||||
![]() | DirecTV | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
Maiden flight of Proton-M Enhanced[28] | ||||||||
August[edit] | ||||||||
2 August 17:33:48[29] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics Technology | 22 January 2008 19:52 | Successful | |||
ISS flight 26P, Remained in orbit after undocking to conduct technological experiments | ||||||||
4 August 09:26:34[29] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NASA | Heliocentric | Mars lander | 25 May 2008 23:38 | Successful | |||
Landed on Mars, discovered water there, last signal from spacecraft received on 2 November 2008 | ||||||||
8 August 22:36:42[30] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 21 August 16:32 | Successful | |||
![]() | NASA/SpaceHab | Low Earth (STS) | Logistics | Successful | ||||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | In orbit | Operational | |||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts, final flight of SpaceHab module | ||||||||
14 August 23:44[30] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Hughes | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | BSAT | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
September[edit] | ||||||||
2 September 12:51[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Partial launch failure Partial spacecraft failure Operational | |||
Apogee lower and inclination higher than expected, due to carrier rocket underperformance,[31] lifespan further reduced by drift following tracking failure. 5 years of operational life lost.[32] | ||||||||
5 September 22:43[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | |||||
![]() | JSAT Corporation | Intended: Geostationary | Communications | ~+135 seconds | Launch failure | |||
Second stage failed to separate due to damaged cabling.[34] | ||||||||
11 September 13:05[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | VKS | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
14 September 01:31:01[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | JAXA | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | JAXA | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | 12 February 2009 08:46 | Successful | |||
![]() | JAXA | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | In orbit | Operational | |||
14 September 11:00[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() ![]() | Roskosmos/ESA | Low Earth | Scientific | 26 September | Successful | |||
![]() | Low Earth | Technology development | Unknown | Spacecraft failure | ||||
YES2 tether may have failed to deploy fully. Satellite recovery failed.[35] | ||||||||
18 September 18:35[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | DigitalGlobe | Low Earth | Imaging | In orbit | Operational | |||
75th consecutive successful Delta II launch. | ||||||||
19 September 03:26[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() ![]() | CASC/INPE | Sun-synchronous | Remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | |||
27 September 11:34[36] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NASA | Heliocentric Then: Ceres orbit Then: Vesta orbit | Asteroid research | In orbit | Operational | |||
Will explore dwarf planet Ceres and asteroid 4 Vesta, Ceres was designated as an asteroid during mission planning | ||||||||
October[edit] | ||||||||
5 October 22:02:26[36] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Optus | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
10 October 13:22:39[36] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS Expedition 16 | 19 April 2008 | Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with 3 cosmonauts, first Malaysian & South Korean in space | ||||||||
11 October 00:22[36] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
Maiden flight of Atlas V 421 | ||||||||
17 October 12:23:00[37] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
700th flight of Thor rocket (Variant used as first stage). | ||||||||
20 October 20:12:25[37] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | |||||
![]() | Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
23 October 04:39[37] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | VKS | Molniya | Early warning | 5 January 2019 07:58[38] | Successful | |||
23 October 15:38:19[37] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 7 November 18:01 | Successful | |||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | In orbit | Operational | |||
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts, crew rotation | ||||||||
24 October 10:05[37] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | CNSA | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | 1 March 2009 08:13[39] | Successful | |||
First Chinese lunar probe | ||||||||
26 October 07:35:24[37] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
November[edit] | ||||||||
1 November 00:51:44[40] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Bundeswehr | Low Earth (polar) | Radar reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | OHB System | Low Earth (polar) | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |||
11 November 01:50[40] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | DoD | Geosynchronous | Missile defence | In orbit | Spacecraft failure[41] | |||
Final DSP satellite Stopped transmitting in September 2008[41] | ||||||||
11 November 22:48[40] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | CNSA | Sun-synchronous | Remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | |||
First launch of Long March 4C after redesignation | ||||||||
14 November 22:06[40] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Paradigm/MoD | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | Star One | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
Record mass to GTO – 9,535 kg (21,021 lb)[42] | ||||||||
17 November 22:39:47[40] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | |||||
![]() | SES Sirius | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
December[edit] | ||||||||
9 December 00:16[43] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | VKS | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
9 December 02:31:42[43] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | ASI[24] | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
10 December 22:05[43] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | NRO | Molniya | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
NRO Launch 24 | ||||||||
14 December 13:17:34[43] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | |||||
![]() | MDA Corporation | Sun-synchronous | Radar imaging | In orbit | Operational | |||
20 December 20:04:00[43] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
21 December 21:41:55[43] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() ![]() | Intelsat/JSAT Corporation | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | RascomSTAR-QAF | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure Operational | |||
Helium leak affected early operations of Rascom-QAF 1,[44] reducing operational lifetime by 13 years. | ||||||||
23 December 07:12:41[45] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 15 February 2008 10:29 | Successful | |||
ISS flight 27P | ||||||||
25 December 19:32[45] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |||||
![]() | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
![]() | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Maiden flight of Proton-M/DM-2 |
Suborbital launches
[edit]Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
January[edit] | |||||||
11 January 22:28[46][33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | PLA | Suborbital | ASAT test | 11 January | Successful | ||
Destroyed Feng Yun 1C satellite | |||||||
16 January 02:20[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
JAXA | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 16 January | Successful | |||
19 January 12:29[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 19 January | Successful | ||
19 January 12:30[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 19 January | Successful | ||
19 January 12:44[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 19 January | Successful | ||
19 January 12:45[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 19 January | Successful | ||
27 January 05:20[33] | ![]() | FTT-06 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
MDA | Suborbital | Target | 27 January | Successful | |||
Intercepted by THAAD | |||||||
27 January[33] | ![]() | FTT-06 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 27 January | Successful | |||
30 January[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
Syrian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 January | Successful | |||
February[edit] | |||||||
7 February 08:15[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 February | Successful | ||
Impacted Reagan Test Site | |||||||
12 February 12:45[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Dartmouth | Suborbital | Auroral | 12 February | Successful | ||
14 February 09:22[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Alaska | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 14 February | Successful | ||
14 February 09:27[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Alaska | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 14 February | Successful | ||
14 February 09:36[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Alaska | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 14 February | Successful | ||
14 February 09:38[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Alaska | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 14 February | Successful | ||
25 February[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | INSA | Suborbital | Scientific | 25 February | Successful | ||
First successful Iranian scientific launch | |||||||
28 February 08:39[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Dartmouth | Suborbital | Scientific | 28 February | Successful | ||
March[edit] | |||||||
1 March | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Andøya | Suborbital | Technology | 1 March | Partial launch failure | ||
Rocket underperformed and failed to reach correct apogee | |||||||
6 March 00:30[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
US Army/MDA | Suborbital | Target | 6 March | Successful | |||
21 March 04:27[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
US Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 21 March | Successful | |||
Tracking demonstration | |||||||
30 March | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 30 March | Successful | |||
apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
April[edit] | |||||||
6 April 06:42[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | Target | 6 April | Successful | |||
Tracking demonstration | |||||||
12 April 05:32[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 April | Successful | ||
26 April 21:31[33] | ![]() | FTM-11 E4 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
Target | US Navy | Suborbital | Target | 26 April | Successful | ||
Intercepted by SM-3 | |||||||
26 April 21:32[33] | ![]() | FTM-11 E4 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
Interceptor | US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 26 April | Successful | ||
Intercepted Terrier-Orion | |||||||
28 April 14:56[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Celestis | Suborbital | Space burial | 28 April | Successful | ||
![]() | CCAT/NALI | Suborbital | Student research | 28 April | Successful | ||
![]() | NASA/Colorado | Suborbital | Technology | 28 April | Successful | ||
![]() | Epsori Space Systems | Suborbital | Biological | 28 April | Successful | ||
![]() | MEI | Suborbital | Drink ingredients | 28 April | Successful | ||
![]() | Astrata RocketFoto Astrax | Suborbital | 28 April | Successful | |||
Recoverable sounding launch to an apogee of 117 kilometres, Legacy included remains of Astronaut Gordon Cooper and actor James Doohan, bad weather delayed recovery | |||||||
May[edit] | |||||||
15 May[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | US Navy | Suborbital | SLBM test | 15 May | Successful | ||
15 May[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | US Navy | Suborbital | SLBM test | 15 May | Successful | ||
25 May 13:15 | ![]() | FTG-03 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM Target | 25 May | Failure | |||
FTG-03 target, did not reach correct altitude, GMD-OBV interceptor not launched[48] | |||||||
29 May 10:20[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 May | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of RS-24 missile | |||||||
June[edit] | |||||||
15 June 02:45[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | DSTO | Suborbital | Hypersonic research | 15 June | Successful | ||
15 June[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | US Navy | Suborbital | Target | 15 June | Successful | ||
15 June[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | US Navy | Suborbital | Target | 15 June | Successful | ||
20 June | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NASA/Colorado | Suborbital | Technology | 20 June | Successful | ||
![]() | MEI | Suborbital | Drink ingredients | 20 June | Successful | ||
21 June[33] | ![]() | ![]() | NASA | ||||
![]() | NASA/NSROC | Suborbital | Test rocket | 21 June | Successful | ||
21 June[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
FOST | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 June | Successful | |||
23 June 02:40[33] | ![]() | FTM-12 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
US Navy | Suborbital | Target | 23 June | Successful | |||
Intercepted by SM-3 | |||||||
23 June 02:44[33] | ![]() | FTM-12 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 23 June | Successful | |||
Intercepted Castor 4B | |||||||
28 June[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 June | Successful | |||
July[edit] | |||||||
19 July[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | INPE | Suborbital | Microgravity | 19 July | Partial spacecraft failure | ||
Parachute or flotation system malfunction prevented recovery | |||||||
August[edit] | |||||||
3 August 22:51:20[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NASA/Colorado | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 3 August | Successful | ||
3 August 23:22[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() ![]() ![]() | ARR, DLR, IAP | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 3 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: 126.5 kilometres (78.6 mi) | |||||||
6 August 22:56[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NASA/Colorado | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 6 August | Successful | ||
7 August[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 August | Successful | |||
13 August 05:45[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NASA/JHU | Suborbital | Ultraviolet astronomy | 13 August | Successful | ||
23 August 08:31[33] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | MDA | Suborbital | Target | 23 August 09:01 | Successful | ||
Tracking target for the NFIRE spacecraft | |||||||
September[edit] | |||||||
2 September 10:20 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | JAXA/Kochi | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 2 September | Successful | ||
6 September 21:09 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NASA | Suborbital | Technology | 6 September 21:19 | Successful | ||
13 September | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
NSPO | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 13 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~280 km (174 mi) | |||||||
28 September 20:16 | ![]() | FTG-03a | ![]() | ![]() | |||
MDA | Suborbital | Target | 28 September | Successful | |||
Intercepted by Ground Based Interceptor | |||||||
28 September 20:18 | ![]() | FTG-03a | ![]() | ![]() | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 28 September | Successful | |||
Intercepted Polaris (STARS) | |||||||
October[edit] | |||||||
5 October 05:50 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 October | Successful | |||
29 October | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 October | Successful | |||
30 October 04:12:52 |