2023 Israeli judicial reform protests

2023 Israeli judicial reform protests
Part of the reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform
Top to bottom, left to right:
  • Mass protests in Ayalon on 26 March 2023 after Netanyahu fires Gallant
  • Protesters lighting up a flare
  • Police disperse protesters with stun grenades
  • Protest against the judicial reform near Tel Aviv's Azrieli Center on 4 March 2023
Date7 January – 12 October 2023
(9 months and 5 days)
Location
Israel, with solidarity protests in the United States

32°04′21″N 34°46′48″E / 32.0725°N 34.7800°E / 32.0725; 34.7800
Caused by2023 Israeli judicial reform
StatusEnded
Parties
Lead figures
Casualties
Injuries128 protesters (3 seriously injured),[4] 39 police officers (per police sources)[5][6]
Arrested1,000+
Charged7
Fined200+

From January to October 2023, large-scale protests took place across Israel in response to the government's push for a wide-ranging judicial reform. The proposed reform aimed to give the government full control of the Supreme Court or court decisions through various ways.[7] The government also attempted to dismantle the Israel Bar Association and change the makeup of the Judicial Selection Committee.[8]

The reform was promoted by Justice Minister Yariv Levin with the backing of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the leaders of the other parties in the governing coalition,[9][10] but was opposed by opposition parties as well as a large segment of the Israeli public. They were faced with questions on how much, if at all, they should focus on Palestinian rights.[11] Statements by Israeli figures linked the aim of the reform to the expansion of Israeli settlements and further annexation of Israeli-occupied Palestinian territories.[12] The protests were effective in delaying the reform,[13] and the ruling coalition would have lost 11 seats in a new round of elections according to polls published by September 2023.[14] In July 2023, the Knesset passed a law to abolish the Supreme Court's ability to review government actions on grounds of reasonableness, but it was repealed by the Supreme Court on 1 January 2024.[15]

The protests came to an end following the 7 October attacks and the ensuing Israel–Hamas war, with sporadic demonstrations continuing until the formation of a war cabinet on 12 October.[16][17][18][19] The protests partially resumed in 2024, as part of broader protests in the country related to the war.[20]

Background

[edit]
Further information: Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu, 2023 Israeli judicial reform, and Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform

Since the political crisis beginning in 2018, multiple snap elections were held following unsuccessful attempts to form a governing coalition. The 2021 election was the first to have resulted in a successful government formation. The incumbent coalition, which held a one-seat majority, collapsed in June 2022 after a member defected. In the snap legislative election that followed, the incumbent government, led by Yair Lapid, was defeated by a coalition of right-wing parties, led by former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu,[21] who formed a new government that took office on 29 December 2022.[22]

On 4 January 2023, newly appointed Justice Minister Yariv Levin announced plans to reform Israel's judiciary, including limiting the power of the Supreme Court and of the government's legal councillors and granting the governing coalition a majority on the committee that appoints judges.[23] Following the announcement, several organisations, including Crime Minister and Standing Together, announced their intention to organise protests in Tel Aviv on 7 January.[24] On 17 January, the Supreme Court ruled that the recently-appointed Interior Minister Aryeh Deri was unfit for the position due to his criminal record.[25] Netanyahu, who was on trial for corruption-related charges himself, was forced to withdraw Deri.[26]

After Netanyahu announced a pause in the judicial legislation on 27 March, counter-protesters started organising their own demonstrations, with tens of thousands protesting in favour of the changes.[27] Negotiations aimed at reaching a compromise collapsed in June, and the government resumed its plans to pass parts of the legislation; in response, the anti-reform movement ramped up its activities.[28]

The Jerusalem Post reported that funding for the anti-reform protests primarily came from the public, both in terms of small donations and through volunteer work; larger donors included tech entrepreneurs, as well as organizations including the New Israel Fund, Blue White Future, Our Way, and Commanders for Israel's Security. Supporters named in the article are Ilan Shiloah, Orni Petruschka, Itay Ben-Horin, and Idan Tendler.[29]

Anti-reform demonstrations

[edit]

7 January–11 February

[edit]
Demonstration on Begin Road in Tel Aviv, 28 January 2023

The first protest took place on 7 January in Tel Aviv's Habima Square. It was initially organized by Standing Together, a socialist Arab-Jewish organisation,[30] as a protest against the formation of the thirty-seventh government of Israel.[31] Following Yariv Levin's announcement on 4 January that he planned to reform Israel's judiciary, other organisations, which included Crime Minister, joined the protest, leading a concurrent march from Habima.[31] Omdim Beyachad's protest included Ayman Odeh as a guest speaker.[31][32] The combined protests included approximately 20,000 people.[33] In the meantime, a smaller protest took place in Haifa that was attended by 200 people.[34] On 14 January, a second protest was organized at Habima, which was attended by approximately 80,000 protesters, and was joined by smaller rallies in Haifa and Jerusalem that were attended by several thousands.[35]

From 14 January to 11 February, protests against the reform were held on a weekly basis in Kaplan Street, alongside smaller protests in Jerusalem, Haifa, Beersheba,[36] and other cities like Ness Ziona and Herzliya.[37] The Kaplan protests were regularly attended by numbers ranging from 60,000 to 150,000 people.[38][39] Protests in other cities regularly attracted smaller numbers.[40]

13–25 February

[edit]

On 8 February, the Chairman of the Knesset's Constitution, Law and Justice Committee Simcha Rothman announced it would vote on referring several reforms to the Knesset Plenum on 13 February, including a law giving the coalition a majority on the judicial appointments committee.[41] The previous day, several protest leaders, including former Chief of the General Staff Moshe Ya'alon and the Movement for Quality Government in Israel, announced their intention to organize a general strike and a protest outside the Knesset building on the same date, which was believed to be the vote's date before the announcement was made.[42]

More than 100,000 people gathered for protests in Jerusalem on 13 February,[43][44] while individuals in several industries, including doctors and tech workers, went on strike.[45] That day, the Constitution committee voted 9–7 in favor of the reforms.[46]

Women Building an Alternative protesters against the 2023 judicial reform

Two more weekly protests were held on Saturdays in various cities around Israel, with a central protest in Kaplan. Both numbered over 100,000.[47][48] The second protest was preceded by a performance of 150 members of Women Building an Alternative wearing red-and-white outfits resembling those worn by handmaids in the television series The Handmaid's Tale. The group appeared in protest against some of the proposed legal changes, which they believe will hurt women.[49] These protests were joined by another protest on 20 February, where over 100,000 protesters gathered outside the Knesset in Jerusalem to protest against an initial plenum vote on several reform-related bills.[50]

1–9 March

[edit]
Protesters marching along Begin boulevard, Tel Aviv, 1 March 2023

1 March was designated by protest organizers as a 'national day of disruption'.[51] Protesters tried to block Ayalon Highway in Tel Aviv, but police used stun grenades, mounted police, and water cannons against the demonstrators, and arrested several people. Netanyahu and National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir both said that all protesters blocking the roads are anarchists who should be arrested.[52] Later that evening, the Prime Minister's wife, Sara Netanyahu, was spotted at a hair salon in Tel Aviv. Protesters stood outside the salon for three hours while mounted police guarded the entrance until Netanyahu was escorted out by police.[53]

Additional protests took place on 4 and 8 March, with Channel 12 estimating that over 160,000 people attended the former protests,[54] while Haaretz estimated that over 25,000 attended the latter.[55] On 5 March 2023, El Al, the national airline of Israel, announced none of the El Al pilots volunteered to fly Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his wife Sara on a state visit to Rome, in an apparent protest against his government.[56][57]

On 8 March, for the occasion of International Women's Day, thousands of women dressed in red formed a human line on a beachfront of Tel Aviv to protest the planned reforms.[58] Demonstrators at prior women's protests also dressed in red capes and white hoods, as characters from Margaret Atwood's dystopian novel The Handmaid's Tale. They condemned the government for the "Talibanization" of Israel.[59] Protestors believe that the reform plan is "patriarchal and biased" and that women's legal rights are at stake more than they have been in years.[60]

On 9 March, the protest movement led to what was referred to as a 'national day of resistance'. Protesters blocked roads and maritime routes, including one of the country's main highways, Ayalon, which connects all of the major traffic routes leading to Tel Aviv. Convoys of cars packed the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway and streamed toward Ben Gurion Airport's main terminal. The protest at the airport came hours before Netanyahu flew to Rome to meet Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni.[61][62][63] Members of "Brothers In Arms" (Hebrew: אחים לנשק), a reservist protest movement, blocked the entrance to the Kohelet Policy Forum offices in Givat Shaul with sandbags and barbed wire, in protest for their part in promoting the judicial reform. The movement's co-founder, Ron Scherf, was arrested and detained for questioning following the demonstration.[64]

11–25 March

[edit]

According to Globes, between 150,000–240,000 people protested in Tel Aviv against the reform on 11 March,[65] alongside smaller protests in other cities.[66] Another weekly protest took place on 18 March, which was attended by over 260,000 people.[67] Yet another protest took place on 16 March, while smaller demonstrations took place on 21[68][69] and 22 March.[69] On 23 March, protest leaders declared a 'national day of paralysis', a series of smaller protests and demonstrations in various Israeli cities.[51]

Another protest took place on 25 March in Tel Aviv, with over 195,000 participants according to Channel 12. Smaller protests took place in other cities such as Haifa, Beersheba and Beit Shemesh.[70] On the same day, Israel's defense minister Yoav Gallant urged a pause in the judicial reform, stating that the growing social rift is a "clear, immediate and tangible threat to Israel's security." Gallant called for the halt before lawmakers were due to vote the following week on a central part of the government's proposals.[71] The next day, Netanyahu announced his intention to fire Gallant.[72]

Firing of Yoav Gallant and national strike

[edit]

26 March

[edit]
Protesters block Ayalon Highway in Tel Aviv, 26 March 2023

On 26 March, in response to the announcement of the firing of Yoav Gallant,[a] the Minister of Defense, hundreds of thousands of protesters blocked roads across Israel, in over 150 locations.[74][75]

Asaf Zamir, Israel's Consul General in New York, resigned from his post following Gallant's dismissal in order to "stand up for what is right and fight for the democratic values I believe in". Israeli universities (with the exception of Ariel University, located in the West Bank) announced an indefinite strike, including cessation of all classes and research in protest at the government's actions. 23 local council leaders announced their intention to start a hunger strike in front of the Prime Minister's office, demanding a halt to the judicial reform.[74]

Protesters escalated and marched towards Netanyahu's residence. There were reports of security barriers being broken down, but these reports were denied by police.[76][77]

27 March

[edit]

On 27 March, Israel's President Isaac Herzog called on Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to immediately halt the legislative process. He said, "for the sake of the unity of the people of Israel, for the sake of responsibility, I am calling on you to stop the legislation immediately. I turn to all the party leaders in the Knesset, coalition, and opposition as one, put the citizens of the nation above all else, and behave responsibly and bravely without further delay."[78]

Histadrut labor federation chair Arnon Bar-David announced a general nationwide strike, followed by labor unions and major corporations announcing their participation in the strike. Protest leaders from the high-tech industry announced a complete shutdown of the country's tech industry. The leader of the Israel Airports trade union directed airport workers to shut down Ben Gurion Airport. Israel's doctors' union announced an immediate freeze of the health care system. This strike represented the "first time in the history of the State of Israel [that] the business sector, together with the Histadrut and local government, are joining forces to save the country from terrible chaos," said Dubi Amitai, the chair of the Presidium of Israeli Business Organisations.[79] Israel's embassies in the United States and the United Kingdom shut down for the day, joining a worldwide strike of diplomats over the proposed changes to the judicial system.[80]

Mass protests continued throughout Israel later that day, with the largest taking place in front of the Knesset. Over one hundred thousand people participated in the protest, demanding a complete stop to the legislation.[81]

In response to increasing pressure, Netanyahu agreed to delay the judicial legislation for a month.[82][83] However, protesters stated that they would continue demonstrating until the legislation was shelved entirely.[84] In an agreement with Itamar Ben-Gvir, who threatened to resign if the legislation were to be halted, Netanyahu promised to promote the foundation of a National Guard, which was to be headed by Ben-Gvir.[85]

Protesters in Ra'anana signing a copy of the Israeli Declaration of Independence, 22 April 2023

30 March–25 June

[edit]
Protesters in Tel Aviv, 8 April 2023

From 1 April to 25 June, protests took place in several cities across the country on a weekly basis. The protests in Kaplan averaged between 100,000[86][87] and 200,000[88][89][90][91] people, except for 13 May, when the main protest was cancelled by the organizers due to a series of clashes between Israel and organizations in the Gaza Strip, and replaced by a smaller demonstration.[92] Another smaller protest took place on 30 March,[93] with additional demonstrations on 10 and 12 April.[94][95] On 20 April, delegates to the World Zionist Congress from ten countries took part in a march from the congress venue in Jerusalem to Israel's Supreme Court in opposition to the reforms,[96][97] while a protest took place at the Jewish Federations of North America General Assembly on 23 April.

An additional day of protests took place on 4 May, dubbed a 'national equality day' by the protest organizers. It featured nationwide demonstrations for equal treatment, especially in regard to exemption from military service given to the ultra-orthodox. Another target was the rabbinate's control over all issues relating to marriage among Jews in Israel. A protest outside Tel Aviv's rabbinical court included a group civil wedding for both straight and gay couples, all dressed in pink and standing under a pink chuppah. Israeli law does not permit civil marriage.[98][99][100] The 20 May protests were broadened by the organizers to cover, in addition to the judicial reform, the proposed allocation of NIS 13.7 billion to coalition parties as part of the forthcoming state budget, benefitting primarily the ultra-Orthodox community, and the proposed municipal property tax fund which would transfer money from richer, mostly secular, towns to poorer, mostly ultra-Orthodox, ones.[101][102]

On 10 June, around 80,000 protesters participated in the main demonstration in Tel Aviv. They were joined by thousands of others in around 150 locations around the country. Many of the events started with a moment of silence in memory of the victims of a wave of killings in the Arab Israeli community.[103][104]

26 June–6 October

[edit]
Demonstration of "Brothers in Arms" in front of the home of Justice Minister Yariv Levin in Modi'in, June 27, 2023
Leaders of the protest march from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, 22 July 2023. From left to right: Ran Harnevo, Shikma Bressler, Moshe Radman, and Ami Dror

On 26 June, the Knesset's Constitution, Law and Justice Committee met to advance a bill that would revoke the reasonableness standard, which has previously been used by the courts to block certain administrative decisions by the government and other authorities.[105] As a result, the protest movement ramped up its activities,[28] with the protests being joined by road blockings.[106][107] The weekly protests were joined by a protest on 5 July, after Tel Aviv's police chief Amichai Eshed, who was due to be demoted because of his refusal to use "disproportionate force" against the protesters, announced his resignation,[108][109] and on 9 July, ahead of a scheduled reading on the reasonabless standard bill the following day.[26]

On 27 June, over 300 IDF reservists, organised by the Brothers in Arms (Hebrew: אחים לנשק) movement, protested against the reforms outside the home of Yariv Levin.[110] The Israeli police announced that they would investigate whether statements made by former Prime Minister Ehud Barak and former IDF Deputy Chief of Staff Yair Golan, in which they called on protesters to engage in civil disobedience, constitute sedition.[111][112]

After the reasonableness standard bill passed its first reading, major demonstrations were held on 11 July with protesters taking part in another "day of disruption" by blocking inter-city highways, protesting at Ben Gurion Airport and outside the President's Residence in Jerusalem.[113] Protesters who entered the Knesset building were forced out by security.[114][115] Protesters took part in another day of disruption on 18 July,[116] alongside additional protests on 19 and 20 July.[117][118] The 19 July protests included a partial, two-hour strike by doctors of the Israel Medical Association.[119]

On the evening of 18 July, protest leaders announced their intention to march from Kaplan Street in Tel Aviv to the Knesset building in Jerusalem. The march began with several hundred people,[120] which became tens of thousands by 22 July. The protesters stopped in Shoresh on 21 July, before resuming the march on 22 July.[121] According to media reports, this was one of the largest marches of its kind ever to take place in Israel.[122]

A group of 200 Israeli tech companies announced their participation in the 23 July protests.[123] The group, which included Wix, Wiz, Monday and Redis, chartered 100 buses to allow employees to arrive at the protests.[123] Speaking at a demonstration in Jerusalem that day, former president Reuven Rivlin said that "the crisis is serious and real", and called on Netanyahu to "save these people from a... [potential] civil war".[notes 1][124] In the same demonstration, former President of the Supreme Court Aharon Barak said that abolishing the reasonableness cause would lead to a "grave national disaster".[124] Former Supreme Court Justice Ayala Procaccia made a similar warning.[125]

On 23 July, the Israel Business Forum – a group composed of the 150 largest companies in Israel, which include most private sector employees – announced it would go on strike the following day as an "emergency measure", calling on Netanyahu to "fulfill his duty" and "stop the legislation immediately".[126] The same day, hundreds of Israeli protesters and local supporters in New York marched across the Brooklyn Bridge in protest of the overhaul.[127]

On 24 July, the Knesset approved the first measure of the reform, which prevents judges from striking down government decisions on grounds of unreasonableness. The entire Knesset opposition boycotted the vote.[128] The Movement for Quality Government in Israel, Association for Civil Rights in Israel and Israel Bar Association, Civil Democratic Movement and the Darkenu advocacy group all filed or planned to file petitions with the High Court of Justice against this legislation, as were various private individuals.[129][130] In one demonstration after the vote, several protesters were wounded after a vehicle accelerated into them.[131]

On 4 August, Arthur Dantchik, the main donor to the Kohelet Policy Forum, the right-wing think tank responsible for designing much of the overhaul, announced that he would cease his donations, following months of protests against him by Israelis in the Philadelphia region.[132]

Between 17 and 18 August, protests took place at the opening of the Tel Aviv Light Rail, which included demonstrations against the reform and against public transportation not operating on the Sabbath.[133]

On 22 September 2023, around 3,000 Israelis and American Jews protested outside the United Nations headquarters in New York City, as Netanyahu spoke before the general assembly there. Organisers called it the largest anti-government demonstration outside of Israel since Netanyahu returned to power. A group of about 200 joined the protest, calling themselves the anti-occupation bloc, carrying Palestinian flags and wearing black shirts stating "there is no democracy with occupation". They stated that the struggle against the judicial overhaul does not end with a return to a "democracy for Jews and a military regime for the Palestinians".[134]

7 October–12 October

[edit]

On 7 October, most protests were cancelled due to the onset of the Israel–Hamas war. Some demonstrations continued despite the fighting until 12 October, when National Unity joined an emergency wartime government, freezing all new, non-emergency legislation, including the judicial reform, as part of the deal.[18][19] Some groups which used to protest against the reform, such as Bonot Alternativa, decided to mobilize their supporters to aid the war effort.[135]

Pro-reform demonstrations

[edit]

On 27 March, as reports surfaced that Netanyahu may delay the judicial legislation, tens of thousands of supporters of the reform arrived outside the Supreme Court, calling on the government not to fold to pressure and to keep going as planned.[136]

On 3 April, protests in support of the reform took place outside President Herzog's residence. Protesters held signs in Hebrew stating "Benjamin Netanyahu, the people of Israel are with you."[137]

On 15 April, amidst anti-reform demonstrations, the right-wing Im Tirtzu organization held counter-protests in support of the changes in 12 locations across the country.[138] According to The Times of Israel, "these did not appear to draw large crowds",[138] while according to Channel 14 the counter-protests attracted thousands of supporters,[139] and according to Arutz Sheva they attracted tens of thousands.[140]

On 19 April, around 300 right-wing protesters gathered outside the home of former Israeli Supreme Court President Aharon Barak, in support of the proposed judicial changes.[141] In response to these protests, thousands gathered there the next day in a show of support for him and in opposition to the government's plan to weaken the judiciary. Barak went out to meet the crowd, who chanted "thank you" to the 86-year-old retired judge.[142]

On 22 April, thousands of counter-protesters demonstrated in support of the judicial reform, including at the Shilot intersection near the entrance to the city of Modi'in, at the Karion intersection in Kiryat Bialik, and at the Kfar Ganim mall in Petah Tikva, as well as in other cities like Rosh HaAyin, Ashkelon, and Hadera. In Rosh HaAyin, the protesters dressed up as Yemenite slaves and performed an act with working tools.[143]

On 27 April, around 200,000 supporters (according to The Jerusalem Post, the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, and police estimates quoted by The Times of Israel) of the government's legal reform gathered outside the Knesset in Jerusalem. The speakers included Yariv Levin, Simcha Rothman, Itamar Ben-Gvir and Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich.[144][145][146][147]

On 23 July, tens of thousands[148][149][150] of pro-reform demonstrators gathered in Kaplan Street. Speakers at the demonstration included Miri Regev, Galit Distel-Atbaryan and Smotrich.

Connection to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

[edit]
See also: Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Israel and apartheid, and Israeli-occupied territories
The Anti-Occupation Bloc at the judicial reform protests, 18 July 2023

Since the beginning of the protest movement against the judicial reform, the link between it and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict was a subject of debate.

The Times of Israel wrote that protesters were faced with a continuous question of "how much, if at all, should the demonstrations focus on Palestinian rights?"[11] The debate on what implications the judicial overhaul would have for the Palestinians were discussed on articles and opinion pieces on Vox, Foreign Policy, and Haaretz.[151][152][153] Some observers have argued that the reform and the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories are connected, and that the Israeli government promotes the reform in order to further entrench the occupation.[154] Some also argued that the framework of a formal Israeli constitution, a demand of the protesters, would not be achievable until Israel's strategy in the West Bank and Gaza Strip is changed.[155]

On 9 August 2023, hundreds of Israeli and American academics published a statement claiming that the ultimate purpose of the judicial overhaul was to "annex more land, and ethnically cleanse all territories under Israeli rule of their Palestinian population".[12][156] The statement characterised that the Palestinian population in the West Bank and Gaza as living under apartheid,[12] and it criticized Jewish American leaders for paying insufficient attention to this "elephant in the room." It also called on them to directly support the Israeli protest movement, while also calling on the protest movement to embrace equality for Palestinians and Jews within Israel and the occupied territories.[156] The initial 800 signatories include Jewish American academics, Israelis, Palestinians, religious leaders, and lawyers.[156] Prominent Israeli signatories included historians Ilan Pappé and Benny Morris, and former speaker of the Knesset Avraham Burg.[156]

On 3 September 2023, Youth Against Dictatorship released an open letter signed by 230 Israeli high school students in Tel Aviv, who collectively refused to serve in the IDF, citing their opposition to the judicial reform and a refusal to serve Israeli settlements.[157] One of the group's members told Haaretz that the overhaul had led them to connect the reform to the occupation after looking at the politicians pushing the reform, who are all settlers: Smotrich, Rothman and Ben-Gvir.[158]

On 9 September 2023, a statement signed by over 3,500 Israeli academics, artists, writers and former officials called on U.S. President Joe Biden and United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres to avoid meeting with Netanyahu, claiming that the ruling government undermined Israeli democracy and was "ignoring the historical conflict that is tearing Israel apart – the forceful domination of the Palestinian people."[159]

See also

[edit]

Israel

[edit]

General or elsewhere

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Originally: war among brothers (מלחמת אחים).
  1. ^ Netanyahu announced on 10 April that Gallant would not be fired.[73]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Israelis stage massive protests after government pushes through key reform". CBS News. 29 July 2023. Archived from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  2. ^ "Israel: What was the now abolished 'reasonableness standard'?". Middle East Eye. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  3. ^ "Liberman: Netanyahu an immediate danger to the existence of the state". Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  4. ^ רימוני הלם, פרשים ומכת"זיות: מהומות קשות במחאות נגד הרפורמה בת"א; חייל עוכב בנגב לאחר "ששעט עם משאית לעבר מפגינים" | ישראל היום [Stun grenades, horsemen and stun grenades: severe riots in anti-reform protests in Tel Aviv; A soldier was detained in the Negev after 'driving a truck towards protesters']. Israel Hayom (in Hebrew). March 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  5. ^ התפרעויות המפגינים | "האירוע בתל אביב היה אלים וברוטלי" [Riots of the demonstrators | 'The incident in Tel Aviv was violent and brutal']. Arutz Sheva (in Hebrew). 2 March 2023. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  6. ^ המשטרה: שני שוטרים ננשכו על ידי מפגינים בת"א ופונו לטיפול רפואי – וואלה! חדשות [Police: two policemen were bitten by protesters in Tel Aviv and were taken to medical treatment]. Walla! (in Hebrew). 25 February 2023. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  7. ^ Segev, Joshua (1 March 2024). "The 2023 Judicial Reform That Wasn't: From Non-decision Constitution-Making to Decision and Back". Israel Studies Review. 39 (1): 39. doi:10.3167/isr.2024.390103. ISSN 2159-0370.
  8. ^ "להיכן הגיעה ההפיכה המשטרית? תמונת מצב של בליץ החקיקה". Haaretz.
  9. ^ Peleg, Bar; Breiner, Josh; Freidson, Yael; Hashmonai, Adi; Shimoni, Ran (15 January 2023). "Israel Protest | 'We Are Not Afraid': 80,000 Demonstrate Extremist Netanyahu Gov't in Tel Aviv". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  10. ^ Pfeffer, Anshel (15 January 2023). "The Tel Aviv Protest Was a Success, but It's Only the First Test in a Long Struggle". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  11. ^ a b "Liberal US Jews urge greater focus on Palestinians in Israeli anti-overhaul protests". The Times of Israel. 9 August 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  12. ^ a b c "Leading Israel scholars invoke 'apartheid' in critique of status quo". The Washington Post. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  13. ^ "Israel government to delay disputed judiciary bill amid mass protests". Reuters.
  14. ^ "סקר ערוץ 13: הקואליציה עם 53 מנדטים, גנץ ממשיך להוביל על נתניהו". Haaretz.
  15. ^ "i24NEWS". www.i24news.tv. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Israeli protests reignite as Netanyahu pushes new justice bill". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  17. ^ Margalit, Ruth (27 September 2023). "How Benjamin Netanyahu Pushed Israel Into Chaos". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  18. ^ a b Lev Ram, Tal (7 October 2023). "ב"אחים לנשק" מפסיקים את המחאה: "קוראים להתייצב להגנת ישראל"" [Brothers in Arms call to stop the protests: "They call to stand up for the defense of Israel"]. Maariv. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  19. ^ a b Bohbot, Amir (7 October 2023). "המחאה מתגייסת: אחים לנשק הודיעו על תמיכה בגיוס מילואים" [The protesters are mobilizing: Brothers in Arms announced their support for the recruitment of reserves]. Walla! (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  20. ^ "ההפיכה משתוללת, אנחנו בסכנה למשטר טוטליטרי: האזהרה המדהימה של שופטת העליון ענת ברון". Haaretz.
  21. ^ Fitoussi, Olivier (3 November 2022). "Israel election: Final results show Netanyahu bloc at 64 seats". i24NEWS. Archived from the original on 4 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  22. ^ Knell, Yollande; Gritten, David (29 December 2022). "Netanyahu's hard-line new government takes office in Israel". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  23. ^ Sharon, Jeremy (4 January 2023). "Justice minister unveils plan to shackle the High Court, overhaul Israel's judiciary". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  24. ^ אלפי מפגינים נגד הממשלה בכיכר הבימה: "זו הפיכה משטרית" [Thousands of protesters against the government in Habima Square: 'This is a coup d'état']. Ice (in Hebrew). 7 January 2023. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  25. ^ Kershner, Isabel (18 January 2023). "Amid Fight Over Judiciary, Israeli High Court Orders Netanyahu Minister Removed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  26. ^ a b "Vor Knesset-Abstimmung – Proteste gegen Justizreform in Israel werden intensiver". Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) (in German). 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  27. ^ Williams, Dan (30 March 2023). Goller, Howard (ed.). "Israelis backing Netanyahu block highway in counter-protest". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  28. ^ a b Peleg, Bar; Kubovich, Yaniv (27 June 2023). "Amid New Momentum, Israeli Protest Leaders Call for Demonstrations at Int'l Airport as More Reservists Threaten No-shows". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  29. ^ Klein, Zvika. "Follow the funds: Tracing the money behind judicial reform protests". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  30. ^ Green, David B. (12 March 2020). "These Jewish and Arab Israelis Are Creating a New Type of Grassroots Activism". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  31. ^ a b c Schneider, Tal (22 January 2023). "עומדים ביחד היו הראשונים להפגין. מאז נדחקו מהמחאה ופניהם לבחירות המקומיות". Zman Israel (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  32. ^ Elimelech, Nadav (7 January 2023). "קבוצת מפגינים פאשיסטים": איימן עודה הותקף במהלך ההפגנה בתל אביב ['Group of fascist demonstrators': Ayman Odeh was attacked during demonstration in Tel Aviv]. Maariv (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  33. ^ Peleg, Bar; Shimoni, Ran; Hashmonai, Adi (7 January 2023). "Thousands March in Tel Aviv in Protest of Netanyahu's Far-right Gov't, Judicial Overhaul". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  34. ^ Peleg, Bar; Shimoni, Ran; Hasmonai, Adi (7 January 2023). אלפים הפגינו נגד הממשלה בתל אביב: "לא ניתן לכם להפוך אותנו לדיקטטורה" [Thousands demonstrated against the government in Tel Aviv: 'We will not allow you to turn us into a dictatorship']. Haaretz (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  35. ^ Kotev, Adam; Levi, Liran; Turgeman, Meir; Glickman, Eitan; Golditsch, Haim (14 January 2023). 80 אלף הפגינו בכיכר הבימה נגד המהפכה המשפטית [80 thousand demonstrated in Habima Square against the revolution]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  36. ^ "'Night is descending upon Israel': Masses rally against Netanyahu's government". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  37. ^ Barsky, Anna (3 February 2023). 11 דיפלומטים בכירים לשעבר מצטרפים למחאה נגד הרפורמה המשפטית [11 former senior diplomats join the protest against the legal reform]. Maariv (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  38. ^ Shimoni, Ran; Maltz, Judy; Hashmonai, Adi; Kaplan Sommer, Allison; Yefet, Nati; Freidson, Yael (4 February 2023). "'The Time to Be Polite Is Over': Israelis Rally Against Netanyahu's 'Regime Change' for Fifth Consecutive Week". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  39. ^ Hilai, Sivan; El-Hai, Lior; Tamari, Liran; Kuriel, Ilana; Elbaz-Alush, Korin; Tugerman, Meir; Ben-Zur, Ra'anan (11 February 2023). רבבות הפגינו בת"א, על איילון. לבני לממשלה: "אתם שיכורים מכוח, זה פאשיזם" [Many protested in Tel Aviv, on Ayalon Highway. [Tzipi] Livni to the government: 'You are drunk with power, this is fascism']. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  40. ^ כ-80 אלף הפגינו ברחבי הארץ; באישור המשטרה, אלפים חסמו את נתיבי איילון [About 80 thousand demonstrated throughout the country; With the permission of the police, thousands blocked the Ayalon routes]. Haaretz (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  41. ^ Rubin, Benzi (8 February 2023). רוטמן מודיע: ההצבעה על סעיפי הרפורמה המשפטית יתחילו ביום שני [Rothman announces: voting on the articles of the legal reform will begin Monday]. Srugim (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  42. ^ Albaz-Alush, Korin; Rubinstein, Roei (7 February 2023). מארגני המחאה נגד המהפכה המשפטית: ביום שני הקרוב נשבית את המשק ונעלה לירושלים [Organizers of the protest against the legal revolution: next Monday we will shut down the economy and go to Jerusalem]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  43. ^ "100,000 Israelis Gather in Jerusalem to Protest Judicial Overhaul Amid Mass Strike". Haaretz. 13 February 2023. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  44. ^ Ar'el, Yuval (14 February 2023). בצל ניסיונות הפשרה: ועדת החוקה תתכנס היום בשנית, ותדון בהמשך הרפורמה [In the shadow of the compromise attempts: the Constitution Committee will meet again today, and will discuss the further reform]. N12 (in Hebrew). HaHadashot 12. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  45. ^ McKernan, Bethan; Kierszenbaum, Quique (13 February 2023). "Protests and strikes in Israel as plans for judicial overhaul move forward". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  46. ^ Shalu, Tal; Ashkenazi, Bini; Adamkar, Vicky (13 February 2023). "דיון סוער בוועדת החוקה: אושרו סעיפים מהרפורמה במערכת המשפט – וואלה! חדשות" [Stormy debate in the Constitution Committee: Articles from the reform of the judicial system were approved]. Walla! (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  47. ^ Starr, Michael (18 February 2023). "Quarter million protesters take to the streets ahead of judicial reforms". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  48. ^ "Hundreds of Thousands Rally Against Netanyahu's Judicial Coup for Eighth Week". Haaretz. 25 February 2023. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  49. ^ Riva, Naama (25 February 2023). מה הסיפור מאחורי הנשים הלבושות כמו ב"סיפורה של שפחה"? [What's the story behind the women dressed like in The Handmaid's Tale?]. Haaretz (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  50. ^ McKernan, Bethan; correspondent, Bethan McKernan Jerusalem (20 February 2023). "Israel: Benjamin Netanyahu accuses protesters of 'trampling democracy'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023. {{cite news}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  51. ^ a b "Israelis step up fight against government with 'national disruption day'". Ynetnews. 1 March 2023. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  52. ^ "Police Use Stun Grenades, Water Cannons and Horses Against Tel Aviv Pro-democracy Protesters". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  53. ^ Greenberg, Hadas (1 March 2023). מאות שוטרים מול אלפי מפגינים: שרה נתניהו חולצה מהמספרה בת"א [Hundreds of policemen in front of thousands of protesters: Sara Netanyahu was rescued from the hair stylist shop in Tel Aviv] (in Hebrew). Kan 11. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  54. ^ N12 – 160 אלף מפגינים נגד המהפכה המשפטית בתל אביב [160 thousand protestors against the legal revolution in Tel Aviv]. Mako (in Hebrew). 4 March 2023. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  55. ^ Kaplan Sommer, Allison (8 March 2023). "Over 25,000 Red-clad Women Form Human Chains Across Israel for International Women's Day". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  56. ^ WALLA (10 March 2023). "Netanyahu chooses to stay in Rome after Tel Aviv attack". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  57. ^ Horovitz, Michael (5 March 2023). "After apparent boycott, El Al says pilots found to staff Netanyahu's flight to Rome". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  58. ^ Rose, Emily (9 March 2023). "Israeli women form human chains to protest planned judicial overhaul". Reuters.
  59. ^ Arbit, Carmiel (2 August 2023). "Women Will Be the Biggest Victims of Israel's Judicial Reforms". Foreign policy.
  60. ^ Porter Robbins, Claire (13 June 2023). "Patriarchal and biased': Israeli women fear loss of rights in legal overhaul". The Guardian.
  61. ^ Alterman, Owen (9 March 2023). "Traffic blocked, thousands protest as 'Day of disruption' underway in Israel". i24NEWS. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  62. ^ Gold, Hadas; Schwartz, Michael; Somm, Matthias; Greene, Richard Allen; Liebermann, Oren (9 March 2023). "Anti-Netanyahu protesters in Israel block roads to airport in latest nationwide demonstration". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  63. ^ Hayoun, Dedi (9 March 2023). "Israeli protests target Netanyahu, visiting Pentagon chief at airport". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  64. ^ Golditch, Haim; Elbaz-Alush, Korin; Halbi, Einav (9 March 2023). "Protesters Block Offices of Kohelet Forum: Former Commander of Sayeret Matkal Arrested". Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  65. ^ Shapir, Nitsan (11 March 2023). "כ-200 אלף מפגינים בתל אביב; רבבות ברחבי הארץ". Globes. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  66. ^ Peleg, Bar; Kaplan Sommer, Allison; Kraft, Dina; Yefet, Nati; Hashmonai, Adi; Tibon, Amir; Breiner, Josh (11 March 2023). "'Biggest in Israeli History': Organizers Claim Half a Million Protesters Against Netanyahu's Constitutional Coup". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  67. ^ "'Destroying Zionism': Masses protest overhaul; rise in violence against demonstrators". The Times of Israel. 18 March 2023. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  68. ^ Hashmonai, Adi; Kadari-Ovadia, Shira (21 March 2023). "Hundreds Rally Against Judicial Overhaul Outside Conference in North Israel Attended by Gov't MKs". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  69. ^ a b Peleg, Bar; Cohen, Adi (22 March 2023). "Netanyahu Cancels Attendance as Israeli Army Reserve Protesters Flock Tel Aviv Conference". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  70. ^ "N12 – 195 אלף בני אדם הפגינו בתל אביב, נתיבי איילון נחסמו לתנועה". N12. 25 March 2023. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  71. ^ "Israel defence minister urges pause in judicial overhaul as thousands rally in Tel Aviv". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  72. ^ "Netanyahu Fires Defense Minister Gallant for Calling to Stop Judicial Overhaul". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  73. ^ Zeytun, Yoav (10 April 2023). "גלנט סירב להתנצל, בסביבתו קובעים: "אזהרותיו התממשו אחת לאחת"". Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  74. ^ a b "Night of Chaos in Israel: Hundreds of Thousands Take to Streets After Netanyahu Fires Defense Minister". Haaretz. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  75. ^ "Israel: mass protests after sacking of minister who opposed judicial overhaul". The Guardian. Associated Press. 26 March 2023. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  76. ^ Rothwell, James (26 March 2023). "Thousands of Israelis march on Benjamin Netanyahu's residence as tensions reach boiling point". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  77. ^ Gold, Hadas; Tal, Amir; Regan, Helen; Izso, Lauren; Gotkine, Elliott (26 March 2023). "Mass protests erupt in Israel after Netanyahu fires minister who opposed judicial overhaul". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  78. ^ Zorlu, Faruk (27 March 2023). "Israeli President Herzog calls on Prime Minister Netanyahu to stop judicial overhaul". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  79. ^ Sokol, Sam (27 March 2023). "Israel's Largest Trade Union and Major Corporations Join Forces in Historic Strike to Protest Government's Judicial Overhaul". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  80. ^ Ben-David, Daniel (27 March 2023). "Israeli embassy in London shuts down as consular staff strike". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  81. ^ Keller-Lynn, Carrie; Sharon, Jeremy (27 March 2023). "Over 100k at Knesset as PM delays planned speech; right organizes counter-protest". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  82. ^ Lubell, Maayan (27 March 2023). "Netanyahu agrees to delay Israel's judicial overhaul until next parliament session". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  83. ^ McKernan, Bethan (27 March 2023). "Israel: Netanyahu announces delay to judicial overhaul plan". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  84. ^ Freedman, Eliyahu (28 March 2023). "Israel protesters vow to continue until judicial 'reform' gone". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  85. ^ Shpigel, Noa (27 March 2023). "Ben-Gvir Agrees to Netanyahu's Judicial Overhaul Delay in Exchange for Israeli National Guard". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  86. ^ "With memorial candles, protesters across Israel rally against judicial overhaul". The Times of Israel. 22 April 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  87. ^ "'Democracy will win': Amid terror threat, hundreds of thousands protest overhaul". The Times of Israel. 9 April 2023. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  88. ^ בשבוע ה-13 ברציפות: כ-165 אלף מחו בתל אביב נגד המהפכה המשפטית, רבבות הפגינו ברחבי הארץ [For the 13th week in a row: about 165 thousand protested in Tel Aviv against the legal revolution, thousands demonstrated throughout the country]. Mako (in Hebrew). 1 April 2023. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  89. ^ Keller-Lynn, Carrie (29 April 2023). "Masses rally against prospect of fresh overhaul push, as Knesset about to reconvene". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  90. ^ Starr, Michael (6 May 2023). "Hundreds of thousands of Israelis protest judicial reform for 18th straight week". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  91. ^ "Over 200,000 protest judicial reform across Israel for 21st weekend". The Jerusalem Post. 27 May 2023. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  92. ^ Shimoni, Ran (13 May 2023). "Israel's Judicial Coup | Tens of Thousands Protest in Haifa, Tel Aviv Amid Gaza Rocket Fire". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  93. ^ Kotev, Adam; Rubinstein, Roy; Glickman, Eitan; Hilai, Sion; Glick, Zohar (30 March 2023). "הפגנה בת"א בעד המהפכה המשפטית, נתיבי איילון נפתחו לתנועה אחרי שעתיים" [Demonstration in Tel Aviv in favor of the legal revolution, Ayalon Highway lanes were opened to traffic after two hours]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  94. ^ Peleg, Bar; Shimoni, Ran; Breiner, Josh (11 April 2023). "Anti-judicial Overhaul Protesters Block Tel Aviv Highway in Response to Netanyahu Speech". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  95. ^ Hashmonai, Adi (12 April 2023). "Hundreds of Israelis Protest Outside Passover Event Attended by Netanyahu". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  96. ^ Kampeas, Ron (21 April 2023). "World Zionist Congress roiled by left- and right-wing protests, in sign of Independence Day tensions". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  97. ^ "Delegates to World Zionist Congress in Jerusalem spar over votes". The Times of Israel. 20 April 2023. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  98. ^ Sokol, Sam; Peleg, Bar (3 May 2023). "Israeli Activists Kick Off National Day of Demonstrations With 'Milk Protest' in Tel Aviv". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  99. ^ "Israel Protest | Police Arrest Five in Haifa, Tel Aviv, During Day of Nationwide Pro-democracy Protests". Haaretz. 4 May 2023. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  100. ^ Maltz, Judy (4 May 2023). "Protest in Pink: An Israeli Wedding Insurrection Against the Powerful Chief Rabbinate". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  101. ^ Bachner, Michael (20 May 2023). "Rallying for 20th week, overhaul opponents also decry looming budget as 'a robbery'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  102. ^ Peleg, Bar; Hashmonai, Adi (20 May 2023). "Israelis Take to the Streets for 20th Week of Protests Against Netanyahu's Judicial Coup". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  103. ^ "Judicial reform protests continue across Israel for 23rd straight week". The Jerusalem Post. 10 June 2023. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  104. ^ "'Not the time for a time-out': Mass anti-overhaul protests held for 23rd week". The Times of Israel. 10 June 2023. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  105. ^ Tov, Michael Hauser; Peleg, Bar (26 June 2023). "'A Black Hole' for Israel's Democracy: AG Issues Warning Over Latest Legislative Push". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  106. ^ "Overhaul critics seek show of force in afternoon protest at Ben Gurion Airport". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  107. ^ Ashkenazi, Eli; Harel, Erez; Gabai, Shlomi (3 July 2023). ""למה נתניהו ממשיך בחקיקה בזמן מבצע?": מאות מפגינים חסמו את הכניסה לנמל חיפה – וואלה! חדשות" ["Why is Netanyahu continuing with legislation during the operation?": Hundreds of protesters blocked the entrance to Haifa port]. Walla! (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  108. ^ "Thousands take to the streets, block roads after Tel Aviv police chief steps down". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  109. ^ "המחאה מתגברת: הפגנות ברחבי הארץ, אלפים חסמו את איילון | חדשות 13" [The protest is increasing: demonstrations across the country, thousands blocked Ayalon]. Channel 13 (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  110. ^ Shimoni, Ran (27 June 2023). "Dozens of Israeli Reservists Protest Judicial Overhaul Outside Justice Minister's Home, Six Arrested". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  111. ^ Breiner, Josh (27 June 2023). "Former PM Barak and ex-Meretz Lawmaker Could Be Investigated for Sedition by Israel Police". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  112. ^ McKernan, Bethan (28 June 2023). "Former Israeli PM and ex-parliamentarian investigated by police". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  113. ^ Peleg, Bar (11 July 2023). "Judicial Overhaul Protesters to Grind Israel to a Halt After Blow to 'Reasonableness Standard'". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  114. ^ Lubell, Maayan (11 July 2023). "Israel's Knesset gives first nod to contested Supreme Court bill". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  115. ^ "Israel's Knesset adopts key clause of controversial judicial overhaul". france24. 10 July 2023. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  116. ^ Shapir, Nitsan (18 July 2023). "יום ההתנגדות למהפכה המשפטית: הפגנות המוניות וחסימות כבישים". Globes. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  117. ^ אל-חי, ליאור; צ'כנובר, יעל; צור, רענן בן (20 July 2023). "הצעדה לירושלים נמשכת, כ-2,000 הפגינו בחיפה: "גלנט, נווט לחוף מבטחים"". Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  118. ^ ynet, כתבי (20 July 2023). ""ביבי – לא ניכנע": אלפי מפגינים ברחבי הארץ וחסימות כבישים ב"ליל ההתנגדות"". Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  119. ^ Yanko, Adir (20 July 2023). "אחרי השביתה: יו"ר הוועדה נוקם בהסתדרות הרפואית, השר שותק". Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  120. ^ Tugerman, Meir; Kotev, Adam (18 July 2023). "מאות מפגינים צועדים מת"א לירושלים: "נבנה את האומה מחדש מתוך השבר"". Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  121. ^ טובמן, פולי (22 July 2023). "רבבות צועדים לירושלים, מחאה גם בערב: האם החקיקה תרוכך?". Globes. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  122. ^ Hasson, Nir; Peleg, Bar (22 July 2023). "המפגינים שינו את הכללים, וירושלים ראתה צעדת מחאה חסרת תקדים". הארץ (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  123. ^ a b כהן, שגיא (22 July 2023). "200 חברות הייטק יגיעו ב-100 אוטובוסים להפגנה בכנסת: "הגענו למאני טיים"". הארץ (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  124. ^ a b "רבבות הפגינו בי-ם נגד ההפיכה ובת"א בעדה; הנשיא לשעבר ריבלין לנתניהו: "הצל את העם הזה"". כלכליסט (in Hebrew). 23 July 2023. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  125. ^ טויזר, ענבר; נעים, לי (23 July 2023). "N12 – המונים עושים את דרכם לירושלים בדרישה לעצור את החקיקה..." N12. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  126. ^ שלום יתח, ינון; יגנה, יניר (23 July 2023). "פורום העסקים, המונה כ-150 חברות, הודיע על שביתה במשק ממחר". Walla! (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  127. ^ Tress, Luke. "Hundreds of anti-overhaul protesters march across New York's Brooklyn Bridge". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  128. ^ Gold, Hadas; Greene, Richard Allen; Tal, Amir (24 July 2023). "Israel passed a bill to limit the Supreme Court's power. Here's what comes next". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  129. ^ Starr, Michael (24 July 2023). "NGOs prepare High Court petitions against reasonableness". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  130. ^ מענית, חן (24 July 2023). "הוגשו עתירות לבג"ץ נגד החוק לביטול עילת הסבירות: פוגע במהותה של ישראל כדמוקרטיה". הארץ (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  131. ^ Ran, Shimoni (24 July 2023). "Israel's Democratic Crisis | Netanyahu Coalition Passes Key Judicial Coup Law Amid National Conflict". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  132. ^ "כך הכניעה המחאה את התורם המרכזי לפורום קהלת | כלכליסט". calcalist (in Hebrew). 5 August 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  133. ^ צ'כנובר, יעל; קוטב, אדם; רובינשטיין, רועי (18 August 2023). ""הברבי הזאת נוסעת בשבת": מפגינים אזקו עצמם במשך שעתיים לרכבת הקלה בתל אביב". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  134. ^ "Thousands in New York City protest Israel's judicial overhaul as Netanyahu addresses UN". The Guardian. 22 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  135. ^ "How Israel's judicial reform protesters shifted focus to aiding victims of Hamas". PBS NewsHour. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  136. ^ Keller-Lynn, Carrie (27 March 2023). "In first, tens of thousands rally to back overhaul; ministers promise it will pass". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  137. ^ Baruch, Hezki (3 April 2023). "Demonstrators at Herzog's home: 'We will continue the reform'". Israel National News. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  138. ^ a b "Hundreds of thousands rally against judicial overhaul plans for a 15th straight week". The Times of Israel. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  139. ^ "לא שווים פחות": אלפים בהפגנות תמיכה ברפורמה ברחבי הארץ ['Not worth less': thousands in demonstrations of support for the reform throughout the country] (in Hebrew). Channel 14 (Israel). 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  140. ^ Baruch, Hezki (15 April 2023). "Tens of thousands at nationwide pro-judicial reform demonstrations". Arutz Sheva. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  141. ^ Shimoni, Ran (19 April 2023). "Hundreds of Right-wingers Protest Outside Former Supreme Court President's Home". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  142. ^ "Ex-chief justice Barak moved to tears as thousands rally in support outside his home". The Times of Israel. 21 April 2023. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  143. ^ מסעיר: המיצג הימני שהמחיש את המשמעות האמיתית לסיפורה של שפחה [Exciting: the right-wing performance that illustrated the true meaning of the story of a slave girl]. Now 14 (in Hebrew). 22 April 2023. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  144. ^ Fritzhand, Troy (27 April 2023). "Right-wing protest draws 200,000 attendees: 'We are tired of being second class'". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  145. ^ Sales, Ben (27 April 2023). "'We will not give up' on judicial changes, right-wing protesters at Israel's largest pro-reform rally are told". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  146. ^ Davidovich, Joshua (27 April 2023). "Right wing claims mass support for overhaul as Jerusalem rally said to draw 200,000". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  147. ^ "Over 200,000 at start of pro-government demonstration in Jerusalem". Arutz Sheva. 27 April 2023. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  148. ^ "המונים הפגינו בת"א; השר לוין: "הכניעה לסרבנות היא באמת סוף הדמוקרטיה"". Maariv. 23 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  149. ^ קוטב, אדם; תורג'מן, מאיר (23 July 2023). "השרה רגב על הטייסים: "אין לכם הנחות, מי שמסרב פקודה מקומו בכלא"". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  150. ^ "רבבות תומכי החקיקה מחו בת"א; עימותים בהפגנת הנגד בי-ם | חדשות 13". Reshet 13 (in Hebrew). Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  151. ^ "What Israel's judicial overhaul means for Palestinians". Vox. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  152. ^ "Is Judicial Reform a Trojan Horse for West Bank Annexation?". Yaakov Or. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  153. ^ "Why Palestinians Aren't Joining Israel's Protests". Yousef Munayyer. 7 April 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  154. ^ Kretzmer, David (November 2023). "The 'Constitutional Reform' and the Occupation". Israel Law Review. 56 (3): 414. doi:10.1017/S0021223723000109. ISSN 0021-2237.
  155. ^ Brandes, Tamar Hostovsky (November 2023). "The Constitutional Overhaul and the West Bank: Is Israel's Constitutional Moment Occupied?". Israel Law Review. 56 (3): 415–425. doi:10.1017/S0021223723000195. ISSN 0021-2237.
  156. ^ a b c d "US Jews urged to condemn Israeli occupation amid Netanyahu censure". The Guardian. 15 August 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  157. ^ "200 teens say they won't enlist, protesting judicial overhaul, control over West Bank". Times of Israel. 28 August 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  158. ^ Dayan, Linda (4 September 2023). "'The Overhaul Opened Their Eyes': Israeli Youth Publicly Refuse Draft". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  159. ^ "Over 3,500 academics, writers, artists urge Biden and UN chief to snub Netanyahu". Times of Israel. 9 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023_Israeli_judicial_reform_protests&oldid=1255344528"