41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot

41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot
Active1719–1881
Country Kingdom of Great Britain (1719–1800)
 United Kingdom (1801–1881)
Branch British Army
TypeLine Infantry
RoleLight Infantry
SizeOne battalion (2 battalions in 1813)
Garrison/HQMaindy Barracks in Cardiff
Nickname(s)The Invalids[1]
EngagementsWar of 1812
First Anglo-Burmese War
First Anglo-Afghan War
Crimean War

The 41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1719. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Welch Regiment in 1881.

History

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41st Regiment of Foot Uniform c.1750 during the Seven Years' War
Major-General William Allan who served as a junior officer with the 41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot throughout the Crimean War

Early history

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The regiment was raised by Colonel Edmund Fielding in March 1719 as Edmund Fielding's Regiment of Foot out of independent companies of invalids and Chelsea out-pensioners - soldiers incapable of normal service through disease, age or injury.[2] For much of its early history the regiment undertook garrison duties at Portsmouth. It was renamed the Royal Invalids in 1741,[2] and it was numbered the 41st Regiment of Foot in 1751.[2] In 1782, when other regiments took county titles, it was denoted as the 41st (Royal Invalids) Regiment of Foot; in 1787 it ceased to comprise invalids and became a conventional line regiment, dropping the title.[2] On 23 January 1788, Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington, joined the regiment as a young lieutenant.[3]

Memorial to the men who fell during the siege of Fort Meigs in April 1813

The regiment embarked for the West Indies in 1793 for service in the French Revolutionary Wars; it took part in the capture of Martinique in March 1794 and the attack on Guadeloupe in April 1794 before returning to England in October 1796.[4] It was posted to Canada in 1800 and saw service there during the War of 1812. It fought under Major General Isaac Brock at the siege of Detroit in August 1812[5] and the Battle of Queenston Heights in October 1812.[6] Following Brock's death, it fought under Major-General Henry Procter at the Battle of Frenchtown in January 1813[7] and formed the bulk of the attacking force at the siege of Fort Meigs in April 1813 and the Battle of Fort Stephenson in August 1813.[8] It then formed part of the crew of the British naval squadron which was defeated at the Battle of Lake Erie in September 1813[9] and faced defeat again at the Battle of the Thames in October 1813.[10] It also took part in the successful Capture of Fort Niagara and Battle of Buffalo in December 1813, the Battle of Lundy's Lane in July 1814, and the Siege of Fort Erie in August and September 1814.[11]

Shadrack Byfield, a private in the regiment from 1809 to 1815, took part in many of these battles before losing an arm at Conjocta Creek in 1814 and, after returning home, chronicled the battles in his memoirs.[12]

The Victorian era

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The regiment was posted to India in July 1822 and was deployed to Rangoon for service in the First Anglo-Burmese War in May 1824.[13] It formed part of an army which advanced up the River Irrawaddy to the Kingdom of Ava and then captured Bagan in February 1826.[13] It received a territorial affiliation in 1831, becoming the 41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot.[2]

The regiment was sent to Afghanistan in 1842 for service in the First Anglo-Afghan War and saw action at Kandahar and Ghazni.[14] Patrick Cleburne, a private in the regiment from 1846 to 1849, subsequently moved to United States and rose to major general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.[15] The regiment landed at Kalamita in summer 1854 for service in the Crimean War and fought at the Battle of Alma in September 1854 and the Battle of Inkerman, where they captured the Russian drums, in November 1854 before taking part in the siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854.[16]

Memorial to the fallen at the Battle of Inkerman where the regiment captured the Russian drums in November 1854

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 41st was linked with the 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 24 at Maindy Barracks in Cardiff.[17] On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Welch Regiment.[2]

Battle honours

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The regiment's battle honours were as follows:[2]

Victoria Crosses

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Two Victoria Crosses were awarded to men of the regiment

Colonels of the Regiment

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Colonels of the regiment were:[2]

The Regiment of Invalids

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The 41st Regiment of Foot (Invalids)

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  • 1752–1764: Lt-Gen. John Parsons
  • 1764–1765: Maj-Gen. Alexander Leslie, 6th Lord Lindores
  • 1765–1771: Maj-Gen. John Parker
  • 1771–1784: Lt-Gen. Jordan Wren
  • 1784–1790: Maj-Gen. Archibald McNab

The 41st Regiment of Foot

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The 41st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot

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References

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  1. ^ Burnham, Robert; McGuigan, Ron (2010). The British Army against Napoleon. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Frontline Books. p. 126. ISBN 978-1-84832-562-3.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "41st (the Welsh) Regiment of Foot". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 23 February 2007. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  3. ^ "No. 12958". The London Gazette. 22 January 1788. p. 40.
  4. ^ Lomax, pp. 37–40
  5. ^ Lomax, p. 53
  6. ^ Lomax, p. 66
  7. ^ Lomax, p. 67
  8. ^ Lomax, p. 74
  9. ^ Lomax, p. 80
  10. ^ Lomax, p. 85
  11. ^ Lomax, p. 98
  12. ^ "Shadrach Byfield - 41st Regiment of Foot". Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  13. ^ a b Lomax, pp. 137–143
  14. ^ Lomax, pp. 161–173
  15. ^ "Patrick Cleburne". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  16. ^ Lomax, pp. 222–242
  17. ^ "Training Depots". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2016.

Sources

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Preceded by
Royal Invalids
 41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot
1719–1881 		Succeeded by
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