Bernardino López de Carvajal


Bernardino López de Carvajal
Bishop of Plasencia
DiocesePlasencia
SeePlasencia
Appointed14 January 1521
Term ended16 December 1523
PredecessorGómez de Toledo Solís
SuccessorGutierre de Vargas Carvajal
Other post(s)Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia e Velletri
Previous post(s)
Orders
Consecration21 December 1488
by Jean Balue
Created cardinal20 September 1493
by Alexander VI
RankCardinal-Bishop
Personal details
Born8 September 1456
Died16 December 1523(1523-12-16) (aged 67)
Rome, Papal States
DenominationRoman Catholic

Bernardino López de Carvajal (8 September 1456, in Plasencia, Extremadura – 16 December 1523, in Rome) was a Spanish Cardinal.

Life

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He was a nephew of Cardinal Juan Carvajal. He studied in Salamanca from 1466; obtained a bachelor's degree in 1472; and a licentiate in May 1478. Carvajal became rector in 1481.[1]

He was archdeacon at Toro in the Diocese of Zamora, but went to Rome in 1482 during the pontificate of Pope Sixtus IV, who named him a Chamberlain of honor. Named protonotary apostolic by Pope Innocent VIII, he held successively the Spanish sees of Astorga (1488), Badajoz (1489), and Cartagena, in which latter quality he was sent as nuncio to Spain. Their Catholic Majesties sent him back as Spanish ambassador to Pope Alexander VI.[2]

In the following years he was sent twice as legate to the German imperial court, also to Naples, and acted as Governor of Campania. In 1503 he was made Bishop of Siguenza in Spain, and Administrator of the diocese of Avellino; from 1507 to 1509 he was in turn Cardinal-Bishop of Albano, Bishop of Frascati, Bishop of Palestrina and Bishop of Sabina.[3]

King Ferdinand II of Aragon recommended his promotion to cardinal, which was done at the consistory of September 20, 1493, where he was created cardinal-priest of Sts. Peter and Marcellinus, which title he exchanged in 1495 for that of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme.[1]

In spite of this rapid advancement and his numerous benefices he is best remembered as the leading spirit of the schismatical Council of Pisa (1511), which he organized with the aid of four other cardinals (Cardinal Briçonnet, Cardinal Francisco Borja, Cardinal Federico Sanseverino, and Cardinal René de Prie). Dissatisfaction with his treatment by Pope Julius II, and subserviency to the excommunicate Louis XII of France, led Carvajal to this rebellious attitude.

Moroni (Diz., X, 134) says that he went so far as to accept the office of Antipope Martin VI at Milan whither the Council was soon transferred. Von Reumont says that in Pisa he was known to the urchins of the street as "Papa Bernardino".[4]

It would seem, therefore, that ambition was his chief falling; otherwise he was reputed a good theologian and a friend of art and letters, virtuous, eloquent, and skilful in the business of the curia. Both Carvajal and his colleagues were excommunicated by Julius II, and deposed from their offices, which act of the pope was confirmed by the Fifth Lateran Council (1512). At the seventh session (1513) of this council the Italian cardinals, Carvajal and Sanseverino, separated from their two French colleagues, formally renounced the schism, and were restored by Pope Leo X to their offices.[5]

Carvajal was later made Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Dean of the Sacred College, with his uncle's former title of San Marcello, and as such welcomed to Rome Pope Adrian VI,[6] whom he survived, and Pope Clement VII.

Carvajal sponsored a considerable body of works that celebrated the deeds of the Catholic Kings and those of the Great Captain, Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba. He also commissioned literary translations.[7]

He had lived at Rome under eight popes, and was buried in his titular church of Santa Croce, where a magnificent sepulchral monument perpetuates his memory. The noble but modernized frescoes (Pinturicchio school) in the tribuna of the apse, representing the Discovery of the Holy Cross, are owing to his generosity.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Miranda, Salvador. "LÓPEZ DE CARVAJAL, Bernardino (1456-1523)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.
  2. ^ Albala Pelegrin, Marta. (2017). "Humanism and Spanish Literary Patronage at the Roman Curia: The Role of the Cardinal of Santa Croce, Bernardino López de Carvajal (1456-1523)". Royal Studies Journal. 4. 10.21039/rsj.v4i2.165.
  3. ^ Shahan, Thomas. "Bernardino Lopez de Carvajal." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 1 October 2022 Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ Von Reumont, Gesch. d. Stadt Rom. III, ii 78–79.
  5. ^ Pastor, Gesch. d. Päpste, Freiburg, 1906, IV (1), 37–40.
  6. ^ Pastor, Gesch. d. Päpste, Freiburg, 1906, IV (2), 47–48.
  7. ^ Pelegrin, Marta Albala. "Humanism and Spanish Literary Patronage at the Roman Curia: The Role of the Cardinal of Santa Croce, Bernardino López de Carvajal (1456-1523)", Royal Studies Journal 4(2), December 2017

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainHerbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Bernardino Lopez de Carvajal". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.


Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
García Alvarez de Toledo
Bishop of Astorga
1488
Succeeded by
Preceded by
?
Bishop of Badajoz
1489–1493
Succeeded by
Preceded by Bishop of Cartagena
1493–1495
Succeeded by
Preceded by Bishop of Sigüenza
1495–1519
Succeeded by
Preceded by Bishop of Avellino
1503
Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-bishop of Albano
1507
Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-bishop of Frascati
1507–1508
Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina
1508–1509
Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-bishop of Sabina
1509–1511
Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-bishop of Sabina
1513–1521
Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-bishop of Ostia
1521–1523
Succeeded by
Preceded by Dean of the College of Cardinals
1521–1523
Succeeded by