Blackwell Bridge

Blackwell Bridge
Stone bridge over a river with greenery on both banks
Blackwell Bridge straddling the River Tees between North Yorkshire and Darlington
Coordinates54°30′29″N 1°35′03″W / 54.5080°N 1.5842°W / 54.5080; -1.5842
OS grid referenceNZ270106
CarriesA66
CrossesRiver Tees
Characteristics
No. of spans3
History
ArchitectJohn Green
Opened1832
Rebuilt1961
Location
Map

Blackwell Bridge is a masonry road bridge spanning the River Tees between County Durham and North Yorkshire, in Northern England. The bridge was built in 1832, and widened in 1961. It carries the A66 road, which stems from the A66(M) spur off the A1(M) motorway. It used to be the main route north on the A1 until a bypass was opened in 1965.

History

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Blackwell Bridge was planned in the early part of the nineteenth century; the tolls for use of the bridge and the associated turnpike received Royal Assent in 1831.[1] The bridge was built in 1832, but before this, most traffic going south from Darlington used Croft Bridge, though a ford did exist at the point where Blackwell Bridge was constructed, however, many lives are recorded as lost at this point due to being swept away by the waters.[2][3] The main thrust for building the bridge was the transport of coal from Durham into North Yorkshire, which had to use the bridges at either Piercebridge, or Croft, so private finance was raised to enable the building of the bridge. However, within a few years of its construction, the railway to Richmond was built, which effectively took the coal trade away from the road through Stapleton and over the bridge.[4] The bridge is a masonry bridge designed by John Green, however, he initially suggested that a suspension bridge be installed at Blackwell, akin to his design for Whorlton Bridge (also on the River Tees).[5] The proposal for a suspension bridge was due to the turnpike trust advertising for architects and engineers to submit their designs for a suspension bridge at Blackwell.[6]

The bridge has three semi-elliptical arches, with the two side arches being 68 feet (21 m) across, and the centre span some 78 feet (24 m) across.[7][8] The two end arches reach about 20 feet 6 inches (6.25 m) above the normal water line, whereas the centre arch, reaches a height of 22 feet 6 inches (6.86 m).[9] The parapet is long and sweeps out at the riverbank edges with octagonal piers,[10] and the whole masonry bridge is ashlar, using stone from Gatherley Moor Quarry.[11][12] Francis Watt stated that Blackwell Bridge was "pretty", and Pevsner described the bridge as "beautiful".[13][14] Due to the shifting nature of the riverbed, the pillars were set into bales of wool, which was the solution at the time to the possibility of moving foundations. The bridge was originally built to a width of 19 feet (5.8 m) which could only sustain a single carriageway, but just before the A66(M) motorway spur was built, the bridge was disassembled on the south side and was widened to 33 feet (10 m) in 1961.[11][15][16]

A cottage for the tollkeeper to work and live in was installed on the Yorkshire side at the northern end. The cottage is still there and is now a private residence, however, tolls on the road and bridge were abolished in 1879, and the tollhouse has been altered from the original design.[12][17][18] The old sign displayed on the tollhouse with a list of charges for crossing the bridge, is on display in the Bridge Inn at Stapleton in North Yorkshire.[19] A great flood in 1883, swept the bridge away and took a labourer with it. He was rescued from the river after passing Croft Bridge.[20]

The bridge used to carry a turnpike road from Scotch Corner through Newton Morrell and into Darlington built in 1832.[21][22] From the 1930s, when roads were classified in Great Britain, the bridge carried the A1 Great North Road until 1965, when the A1(M) Darlington Bypass was built, it now carries the A66 road which now uses the widened bridge.[23][24] The bridge is a grade II listed structure.[10]

References

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  1. ^ "Blackwell Bridge". The Northern Echo. No. 3, 055. 31 October 1879. p. 4. OCLC 6685296.
  2. ^ Longstaffe 1854, p. 11.
  3. ^ Graham, Frank (1975). The bridges of Northumberland and Durham. Newcastle upon Tyne: Graham. p. 4. ISBN 0902833138.
  4. ^ "Blackwell Bridge". The North Star. No. 7, 596. 1 July 1905. p. 4. OCLC 751720286.
  5. ^ Bell, P. W. R. (2018). "The work and professional status of John (1787–1852) and Benjamin Green (1813–1858) architects and engineers". In Wouters, Ine; Van de Voorde, Stephanie; Bertels, Inge; De Jonge, Krista; Zastavni, Denis (eds.). Building knowledge; constructing histories volume 1. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 359. ISBN 978-1-138-33230-0.
  6. ^ "To architects and engineers: Blackwell Bridge". The York Herald. No. 3092. 14 January 1832. p. 1. OCLC 1325754826.
  7. ^ Longstaffe 1854, pp. 40–41.
  8. ^ Rennison, Robert William; Barbey, M. F. (1996) [1981]. Civil engineering heritage. Northern England (2 ed.). London: T. Telford. p. 95. ISBN 0-7277-2518-1.
  9. ^ Chettoe, C. S.; Henderson, W. (August 1957). "Structural paper no. 53; Masonry Arch Bridges". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. 7 (4). London: Institute of Civil Engineers: 726. ISSN 0537-9946.
  10. ^ a b Historic England. "Blackwell Bridge (Grade II) (1121318)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  11. ^ a b Betteney, Alan (2019). "Crossing the Tees" (PDF). teesarchaeology.com. Cleveland Industrial Archaeology Society & Tees Archaeology. p. 13. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  12. ^ a b Jervoise, E. (1973) [1931]. The ancient bridges of the North of England. Wakefield: EP Publishing. p. 53. ISBN 0-85409-952-2.
  13. ^ Watt, Francis (1889). The rivers of Great Britain. Descriptive, historical, pictorial. Rivers of the east coast. London: Cassell. p. 216. OCLC 1152770381.
  14. ^ Pevsner, Nikolaus (2002) [1966]. Yorkshire, the North Riding. London: Yale University Press. p. 133. ISBN 0-300-09665-8.
  15. ^ Lloyd, Chris (15 November 2014). "Bite-sized Blackwell". infoweb.newsbank.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  16. ^ Lloyd, Chris (1 June 2012). "The 180-year-old bridge built on wool". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  17. ^ "Toll road that left its mark - ProQuest". The Northern Echo. 24 November 2012. ProQuest 1197480955. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  18. ^ "Reader pinpoints location of 1930s road haulage accident - ProQuest". The Northern Echo. 12 March 2018. ProQuest 2013168130. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  19. ^ Hatcher, Jane (1990). Richmondshire architecture. Richmond: Hatcher. p. 232. ISBN 0951588001.
  20. ^ Longstaffe 1854, p. 41.
  21. ^ "Georeferenced Maps - Map images - National Library of Scotland". maps.nls.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2024. Use the slider on the bottom left (named "Change transparency of overlay") to toggle between old mapping and modern-day satellite imagery
  22. ^ "Echo memories - Roman milestone that provided clues about unhappy emperor - ProQuest". The Northern Echo. 25 April 2007. ProQuest 329220483. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  23. ^ "View map: Ordnance Survey, Durham LV.13 (Blackwell; Cleasby; Darlington; Stapleton) - Ordnance Survey 25 inch England and Wales, 1841-1952". maps.nls.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  24. ^ McCoubrey, William James (2002). The motorway achievement. London: Thomas Telford. p. 186. ISBN 9780727731982.

Source

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  • Longstaffe, William Hylton (1854). The history and antiquities of the parish of Darlington, in the bishoprick [sic]. Darlington: Darlington & Stockton Times. OCLC 1045960811.
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