Cliviinae

Cliviinae
Clivia nobilis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Tribe: Haemantheae
Subtribe: Cliviinae
D. & U. M.-D.[1]
Type genus
Clivia
Genera
Synonyms

Clivieae Traub

Cliviinae is a small subtribe of Haemantheae, and therefore within the African clades of Amaryllidoideae. It consists of two genera, Clivia, and Cryptostephanus.

Description

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Cryptostephanus vansonii in Zimbabwe

Bulbless rhizomatous perennial plants. Clivia has showy orange or yellow flowers, while Cryptostephanus has smaller flowers with a paraperigone that had them erroneously classified with Narcissus in the past. it is also the only Haemantheae genus with a phytomelanous seed testa.[1]

Taxonomy

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For the early taxonomic history of these two genera, see Meerow and Clayton (2004).[1] (Traub described this grouping as tribe Clivieae in his 1963 monograph on the Amaryllidaceae, based on the type genus Clivia. .[2] Subsequently, the Müller-Doblies' reduced it to a subtribe and placed it within the Haemantheae.[3] Later molecular phylogenetic research has confirmed this placement, with Cliviinae being one of three subtribes of Haemantheae.[1]

Phylogeny

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The Cliviinae are placed within the Haemantheae as follows:

Tribe Haemantheae

Subtribe Cliviinae

Subtribe Haemanthinae

Subtribe Gethyllidinae

Subdivision

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Distribution and habitat

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Clivia is found in summer rainfall regions, as herbaceous understory plants of coastal and Afro-montane forest, while Cryptostephanus are plants of savanna or forest habitats.[1]

Ecology

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Butterfly and sunbird pollination.[1]

References

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Bibliography

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