Demerara-Essequibo

Colony of Demerara-Essequibo
1812–1831
Flag of Demerara-Essequibo
Flag
Map of Demerara-Essequibo following the slave rebellion in 1823, showing the disposition of plantations, Small crosses mark the places where slaves' heads or bodies were displayed
Map of Demerara-Essequibo following the slave rebellion in 1823, showing the disposition of plantations, Small crosses mark the places where slaves' heads or bodies were displayed
StatusDe facto Colony of the United Kingdom (1812-1815)
Colony of the United Kingdom (1815-1831)
Common languagesDutch, Skepi Creole Dutch, English, Guyanese Creole, African languages, Akawaio, Macushi, Waiwai, Arawakan, Patamona, Warrau, Carib, Wapishana, Arekuna, Portuguese, Spanish, French
Monarch 
• 1812-1820
George III
• 1820-1830
George IV
• 1830-1831
William IV
Lieutenant Governor 
• 1814-1824
John Murray
• 1824-1831
Sir Benjamin d'Urban
History 
• Established
1812
• Disestablished
1831
CurrencyBritish variety of the Dutch guilder
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Essequibo (colony)
Demerara
British Guiana

The Colony of Demerara-Essequibo was created on 28 April 1812,[1] when the British combined the colonies of Demerara and Essequibo into the colony of Demerara-Essequibo.[2] They were officially ceded to Britain on 13 August 1814. On 20 November 1815 the agreement was ratified by the Netherlands.[3] On 21 July 1831 Demerara-Esequibo united with Berbice as British Guiana.[4]

Overview

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In 1745, Demerara was created as a separate Dutch colony out of a part of Essequibo.[5] Demerara quickly became more successful than Essequibo.[6] The rivalry between the colonies[7] resulted in the creation of a combined Court of Policy in Fort Zeelandia in 1783, and both colonies were governed by the same governor, however there were still two Courts of Justice, one for Demerara and one for Essequibo.[8] On 28 April 1812, the two colonies were officially combined,[1] however 1815 is used as end date, because the ratification eliminated the last legal obstacles.[3]

On 18 August 1823, there was a slave rebellion involving more than 10,000 slaves, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of slaves.[9]

On 21 July 1831 Demerara-Esequibo united with Berbice as British Guiana.[4]

Currency

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The colony continued to use Dutch currency throughout British control, with issued coins ranging from 3 bits up to 3 guilder. Coins bearing the colony's name were minted from 1809 to 1835. The Dutch currency was demonetised after unification and in 1839 was replaced with the British Guiana dollar.[10]

Administrators

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Lieutenant Governors

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Netscher 1888, p. 290.
  2. ^ Schomburgk 1840, p. 86.
  3. ^ a b "Berbice". British Empire. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  4. ^ a b "37. The Beginning of British Guiana". Guyana.org. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  5. ^ Hartsinck 1770, pp. 267–268.
  6. ^ Netscher 1888, p. 144.
  7. ^ Netscher 1888, p. 143.
  8. ^ "FROM DUTCH TO BRITISH HANDS (1783-1803)". Guyana.org. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  9. ^ McGowan, Winston (2000). "The distinctive features of the 1823 Demerara slave rebellion". Starbroeck News. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
  10. ^ "Coin - 2 Guilders, Essequibo & Demerary, 1816". Museums Victoria. Retrieved 11 August 2020.

Bibliography

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6°48′44″N 58°10′12″W / 6.8121°N 58.1701°W / 6.8121; -58.1701