Drowning by Numbers

Drowning by Numbers
Film poster
Directed by	Peter Greenaway
Written by	Peter Greenaway
Produced by	Kees Kasander Denis Wigman
Starring	Joan Plowright Juliet Stevenson Joely Richardson Bernard Hill Jason Edwards
Cinematography	Sacha Vierny
Edited by	John Wilson
Music by	Michael Nyman
Distributed by	Prestige
Release date	10 September 1988 (1988-09-10)
Running time	118 minutes
Countries	United Kingdom Netherlands
Language	English
Budget	£1,020,000[1]
Box office	$424,773[2]

Drowning by Numbers is a crime comedy-drama 1988 British-Dutch film directed by Peter Greenaway. It won the award for Best Artistic Contribution at the Cannes Film Festival of 1988.^[3]

The film opens with a little girl jumping rope and counting stars to "a hundred". The film's plot centres on three married women — a grandmother, her daughter, and her niece — each named Cissie Colpitts. As the story progresses, each woman successively drowns her husband. The three Cissie Colpittses are played by Joan Plowright, Juliet Stevenson and Joely Richardson, while Bernard Hill plays the coroner, Madgett, who is cajoled into covering up the three crimes.

The structure, with similar stories repeated three times, is reminiscent of a fairy tale, most specifically 'The Billy Goats Gruff', because Madgett is constantly promised greater rewards as he tries his luck with each of the Cissies in turn. The link to folklore is further established by Madgett's son Smut, who recites the rules of various unusual games played by the characters as if they were ancient traditions. Many of these games are invented for the film, including:

• Bees in the Trees
• Dawn Card Castles
• Deadman's Catch
• Flights of Fancy (or Reverse Strip Jump)
• The Great Death Game
• Hangman's Cricket
• The Hare and Hounds
• Sheep and Tides

In Drowning by Numbers, number-counting, the rules of games and the repetitions of the plot are all devices which emphasise structure. Through the course of the film each of the numbers 1 to 100 appear, the large majority in sequence, often seen in the background, sometimes printed on cattle, sometimes spoken by the characters.^[4]

The repetitive, obsessive motif of the film echoes that of the soundtrack by Michael Nyman.

The film is set and was shot in and around Southwold, Suffolk, England, with key landmarks such as the Victorian water tower, Southwold Lighthouse, and the estuary of the River Blyth clearly identifiable.

Drowning by Numbers
Soundtrack album by Michael Nyman
Released	1988 (1988)
Recorded	1988
Genre	contemporary classical music, Minimalist music, film score
Length	44:48
Label	Virgin, Caroline
Director	Michael Nyman
Producer	David Cunningham & Michael Nyman
Michael Nyman chronology
The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1988) Drowning by Numbers (1988) La Traversée de Paris (1989)

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
Allmusic	[5]

On Greenaway's specific instructions, the film's musical score by Michael Nyman is entirely based on themes from the slow movement of Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante in E flat, bars 58 to 61 of which are heard in their original form immediately after each drowning. Greenaway alerted Nyman to the potential of this piece in the late 1970s and had previously used it as material for part of the score of his The Falls and for "The Masterwork" Award Winning Fish-Knife and Tristram Shandy.^[6] "Trysting Fields" is the most complicated use of the material: every appoggiatura from the movement, and no other material from the piece, is used.^{[citation needed]}

The album is the tenth by Nyman and the seventh to feature the Michael Nyman Band.

1. "Trysting Fields"
2. "Sheep and Tides"
3. "Great Death Game"
4. "Drowning by Number 3"
5. "Wheelbarrow Walk"
6. "Dead Man's Catch"
7. "Drowning by Number 2"
8. "Bees in Trees"
9. "Fish Beach"
10. "Wedding Tango"
11. "Crematorium Conspiracy"
12. "Knowing the Ropes"
13. "Endgame"

The back cover of the album booklet has a large number "58". Fred Ritzel has pointed out that the Skipping Girl (played by Natalie Morse) reaches number 58 in her counting game.^[7] These are subtle ways of drawing attention to the key bars of the Mozart piece.

Reviews for Drowning by Numbers were mostly favourable, with the film garnering an 87% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 15 critics.^[8] Roger Ebert, however, gave the work two stars, praising its landscapes as beautifully photographed but also concluding, "When the movie was over, I was not sure why Greenaway made it."^[9]

It made £220,000.^[1]

• Émilie Gillet, designer of the Mutable Instruments range of electronic musical instruments and synthesizer modules, named alternative firmware for her Tides synthesiser module Sheep, in reference to the game featured in the film. Subsequently, alternative firmware called Bees-in-the-Trees, for the Mutable Instrument Braids synthesiser module, and Dead Man's Catch, for the Mutable Instrument Peaks module, have been published.
• Ambient electronic musician Yuri Tománek, who composed the music for the Netflix documentary series Cheer and Last Chance U releases recordings under the name Drowning by Numbers.
• The film helped to inspire Black metal band Farsot's 2017 album Fail-Lure.
• The How I Met Your Mother episode "Bad News" uses a numbering device inspired by the film. Numbers count down to the titular "Bad News", when character Marshall learns that his father has died.
• J.M. DeMatteis referenced the film in Marc Spector:"Moon Knight" #29.

• Drowning by Numbers at petergreenaway.org.uk
• Drowning by Numbers at IMDb
• Drowning by Numbers at Rotten Tomatoes
• Drowning by Numbers at AllMovie