Escagraph

The term "escagraph"^[1] was first used^[2] in the 1980s by Dr. Larry R. Smith to identify and describe the many forms, past and present, of writing on food and letters as food. The term is a concatenation of esca (from Latin meaning "victuals" or "things to be eaten") and graph (after the Greek meaning: "mark" or the infinitive verb "to write").

History

Research has identified examples of escagraphs as far back as Ancient Egypt^[3] and the Roman Empire,^[4] primarily bread with words stamped into them prior to baking. Use of escagraphs waned a bit during periods of early Christianity^[5] to the 19th century, though some interesting examples exist in bread assizes and sotelties.

Examples

Sweet

Most forms of escagraphs today are sweet, either molded into or drawn onto the surface of the food. Cakes with "Happy Birthday" are extremely common. Heart-shaped candies^[6] with mottoes on them have been produced since about 1901 and are often shared at Valentine's Day. Many chocolate bars bear the name of their maker imprinted on their surface.^[7]

Lawful

Only a few lawful examples remain, since the bread assizes of the 15th century. However, the United States Department of Agriculture does mark^[8] certain meat products with certifications and grades in an edible ink.

Moveable type

From alphabet cookies to cereal to pasta, letters and moveable type are still common today. Throughout the western world, cookies shaped as letters are made both as edible toys and ostensibly to help children learn their letters. Many manufacturers provide alphabet pasta letters (and numbers) in both ready-to-eat and dry forms.

References

^ Smith, Dr. Larry R. Mouthful of Words Archived 2011-02-01 at the Wayback Machine Copyright© 2012. [1] Archived 2011-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
^ SSU Weekly Volume 1, Number 31 Archived 2007-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, Edible Language, page 61, April 18, 1985.
^ James Henry Breasted 1962 Ancient Records of Egypt (New York: Russell & Russell, Inc.).
^ Gusman, Pierre 1900 Pompeii: The City, Its Life and Art (London, William Heinemann).
^ Galavaris, George 1970 Bread and the Liturgy: The Symbolism of Early Christian and Byzantine Bread Stamps (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press). ISBN 0-299-05310-5, ISBN 978-0-299-05310-9.
^ Necco Sweatheart New England Confectionery Company. http://www.necco.com Archived 2018-07-30 at the Wayback Machine
^ Hershey's Chocolate Bar with Almonds
The Hershey Company http://www.hersheys.com/happiness/
^ USDA United States Department of Agriculture Inspection & Grading - What Are The Differences? Archived 2007-11-04 at the Wayback Machine http://www.usda.gov.

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[SMITH-1] Smith, Dr. Larry R. Mouthful of Words Archived 2011-02-01 at the Wayback Machine Copyright© 2012. [1] Archived 2011-02-01 at the Wayback Machine

[SSU-2] SSU Weekly Volume 1, Number 31 Archived 2007-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, Edible Language, page 61, April 18, 1985.

[BREASTED-3] James Henry Breasted 1962 Ancient Records of Egypt (New York: Russell & Russell, Inc.).

[GUSMAN-4] Gusman, Pierre 1900 Pompeii: The City, Its Life and Art (London, William Heinemann).

[GALAVARIS-5] Galavaris, George 1970 Bread and the Liturgy: The Symbolism of Early Christian and Byzantine Bread Stamps (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press). ISBN 0-299-05310-5, ISBN 978-0-299-05310-9.

[NECCO-6] Necco Sweatheart New England Confectionery Company. http://www.necco.com Archived 2018-07-30 at the Wayback Machine

[HERSHEY-7] Hershey's Chocolate Bar with Almonds
The Hershey Company http://www.hersheys.com/happiness/

[USDA-8] USDA United States Department of Agriculture Inspection & Grading - What Are The Differences? Archived 2007-11-04 at the Wayback Machine http://www.usda.gov.

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