File:University of Michigan synchrotron.jpg WikiZero

Summary

DescriptionUniversity of Michigan synchrotron.jpg	English: An early 300 MeV electron synchrotron at University of Michigan, 1949. Built by H. Richard (Dick) Crane, this was the first synchrotron to use the "racetrack" design; it had 4 straight sections alternating with 4 quadrant electromagnets. It had a large 500 keV Cockcroft-Walton generator (visible at left rear) as injection accelerator, the vertical injection beam tube is visible at right in front of figure. The 1 meter diameter of the quadrant magnet bends gave it a theoretical maximum energy of 300 MeV and it was briefly operated at that energy, although for most of its life it operated at a lower energy of 40 MeV. Information from Innovation Was Not Enough: A History of the Midwestern Universities Research Association (Mura), World Scientific Co., 2009, ISBN 981283284X.
Date	April 1949
Source	Retrieved May 3, 2015 from Albert J. Forman "Engineering Research" in The Michigan Technic magazine, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Vol. 67, No. 7, April 1949 , p. 21 on Google Books
Author	Albert J. Forman
Permission (Reusing this file)	This 1949 issue of The Michigan Technic magazine would have the copyright renewed in 1977. Online page scans of the Catalog of Copyright Entries, published by the US Copyright Office can be found here. Search of the Renewals for Periodicals for 1976, 1977, and 1978 show no renewal entries for The Michigan Technic. Therefore the copyright was not renewed and it is in the public domain.

Licensing

This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs.
Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (70 years p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 years p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 years p.m.a.), Mexico (100 years p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 years p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

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