Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic

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The foreign relations of the Dominican Republic are the Dominican Republic's relations with other governments.

The Dominican Republic has a close relationship with the United States and with the other states of the Inter-American system. It has accredited diplomatic missions in most Western Hemisphere countries and in principal European capitals.

History

[edit]

The island nation of the Dominican Republic maintains very limited relations with most of the countries of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. It concentrated its diplomatic activities in four critical arenas: the circum-Caribbean, countries in the Americas, the United States, and Western Europe (mainly West Germany, Spain, and France).[1]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which the Dominican Republic maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date[2][3]
1  United Kingdom 6 March 1850[4]
2  France 22 September 1850[4]
3  Denmark 17 December 1851[5]
4  Netherlands 30 November 1853[4]
5  Italy 22 March 1854[6]
6  Spain 18 February 1855[7]
7  Haiti 26 July 1867[8]
8  Peru 6 April 1874[9]
9  Argentina 15 June 1876[10]
10  Costa Rica 10 August 1876[11]
–  Holy See 1881[12]
11  El Salvador 3 July 1882[13]
12  Portugal 1 May 1883[6]
13  United States 26 March 1884[14]
14  Germany 30 January 1885[6]
15  Ecuador 1888[15]
16  Mexico 29 March 1890[6]
17  Belgium 10 April 1891[16]
18  Bolivia 30 January 1902[17]
19  Paraguay 18 February 1902[18]
20  Cuba 5 April 1904[19]
21  Brazil 21 April 1911[20]
22  Serbia 1 March 1912[21]
23  Honduras 1920[22]
24  Poland 18 November 1933
25  Japan November 1934[23]
26  Colombia 1936[24]
27   Switzerland 1936[25]
28  Panama 24 March 1937[26]
29  Austria 2 March 1938[27]
30  Chile 1938[28]
31  Sweden 16 July 1942
32  Czech Republic 1942[29]
33  Norway 16 November 1943
34  Venezuela 12 January 1945
35  Russia 8 May 1945
36  Uruguay 5 September 1945[30]
37  Israel January 1949[31]
38  Nicaragua 1 June 1949[32]
39  Turkey 21 September 1950[33]
40  Philippines 9 May 1953[34]
41  Canada 22 April 1954[35]
42  Guatemala 31 August 1954
43  Greece 16 October 1956[36]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1957[37]
44  Iran October 1958[38]
45  Liberia 18 December 1958[39]
46  Morocco 15 December 1960[40]
47  Egypt 30 December 1960
48  Lebanon 1960[41]
49  South Korea 6 June 1962[42]
50  Jamaica 4 December 1964[43]
51  Trinidad and Tobago May 1968[44]
52  Thailand 18 September 1969[45]
53  Guyana 19 October 1970[46]
54  Barbados 8 August 1972[47]
55  Kuwait 18 October 1977
56  Suriname 1 March 1979[48]
57  Cyprus 7 May 1981[49]
58  Finland 2 January 1984[50]
59  Romania 21 July 1984[51]
60  Saint Lucia 1988[52]
61  Bulgaria 14 June 1991
62  Bahamas 4 September 1991[53]
63  Lithuania 2 May 1995[54]
64  Namibia 7 February 1997
65  Australia 22 April 1997[55]
66  Belize 6 November 1997[56]
67  India 4 May 1999
68  Benin 24 November 1999
69  Equatorial Guinea 24 November 1999
70  Qatar 19 January 2000
71  Singapore 10 February 2000
72  Andorra 14 September 2000
73  North Macedonia 18 September 2000
74  Ukraine 21 September 2000
75  Croatia 5 February 2001
76  Slovakia 20 March 2001
77  Belarus 18 April 2001
78  Nigeria 23 July 2001
79  Latvia 15 August 2001
80  Malaysia 2001[57]
81  South Africa 9 May 2002
82  Albania 27 May 2002
83  Estonia 18 November 2002[58]
84  Hungary 7 March 2003[59]
85  Slovenia 11 March 2003[60]
86  Mauritius 30 April 2003
87  Iceland 23 June 2003[61]
88  Luxembourg 25 May 2005
89  Vietnam 7 July 2005
90  Mali 15 September 2006
91  Botswana 6 October 2006
92  North Korea 24 September 2007
93  Sudan 24 September 2007
94  Algeria 26 September 2007
95  Democratic Republic of the Congo 26 September 2007
96  Ivory Coast 26 September 2007
97  Ethiopia 27 September 2007
98  Fiji 27 September 2007
99  Guinea-Bissau 27 September 2007
100  Laos 27 September 2007
101  Burkina Faso 28 September 2007
102  Cape Verde 28 September 2007
103  Eritrea 28 September 2007
104  Guinea 28 September 2007
105  Libya 28 September 2007
106  Nauru 28 September 2007
107    Nepal 28 September 2007
108  Syria 28 September 2007
109  Uzbekistan 28 September 2007
110  Antigua and Barbuda 5 October 2007
111  Armenia 9 October 2007
112  Kenya 9 October 2007
113  Eswatini 10 October 2007
114  Federated States of Micronesia 15 October 2007
115  Zimbabwe 15 October 2007
116  Bahrain 22 October 2007
117  Uganda 22 October 2007
118  East Timor 24 October 2007
119  Azerbaijan 27 November 2007
120  Monaco 12 February 2008[62]
121  Dominica 21 July 2008
122  Jordan 23 September 2008
123  Seychelles 23 September 2008
124  United Arab Emirates 12 November 2008
125  Cambodia 13 November 2008
126  Turkmenistan 9 February 2009
127  Montenegro 10 March 2009
128  Bosnia and Herzegovina 23 June 2009
129  Ireland 6 July 2009[63]
–  State of Palestine 15 July 2009
130  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 23 September 2009
131  Yemen 24 September 2009
132  Angola 25 September 2009
133  San Marino 25 September 2009
134  Georgia 22 January 2010
135  Maldives 17 March 2010
136  Oman 17 March 2010
137  Tajikistan 25 May 2010
138  Iraq 27 May 2010
139  Mongolia 27 May 2010
140  Brunei 10 August 2010
141  Sri Lanka 3 February 2011
142  Djibouti 8 March 2011
143  Kazakhstan 7 June 2011[64]
144  Kyrgyzstan 30 June 2011[65]
145  Indonesia 20 September 2011[66]
146  Afghanistan 3 December 2011[67]
147  Bangladesh 13 March 2012[68]
148  Tuvalu 13 June 2012
149  Saudi Arabia 24 July 2012
150  New Zealand 26 June 2014[69]
151  Saint Kitts and Nevis 21 September 2016[70]
152  Malta 23 February 2017[71]
153  China 1 May 2018[72]
154  São Tomé and Príncipe 24 September 2018[73]
155  Senegal 24 September 2018[73]
156  Burundi 26 September 2018
157  Tunisia 27 September 2018
158  Niger 28 September 2018[74]
159  Gambia 10 May 2019[75]
160  Ghana 23 September 2019
161  Marshall Islands 23 September 2019[76]
162  Liechtenstein 26 September 2019[77]
163  Mozambique 26 September 2019[78]
164  Republic of the Congo 16 October 2019[79]
165  Gabon 17 March 2021
166  Moldova 30 March 2021
167  Samoa 23 September 2021[80]
168  Grenada 27 September 2021[81]
169  Sierra Leone 19 September 2022
170  Togo 20 September 2022
171  Rwanda 22 September 2022
172  Madagascar 23 September 2022
173  Pakistan 18 November 2022
174  Palau 15 February 2023
175  South Sudan 11 April 2023
176  Mauritania 19 September 2023
177  Solomon Islands 21 September 2023
178  Malawi 1 November 2023
179  Lesotho 2 November 2023
180  Vanuatu 14 November 2023
181  Tonga 29 February 2024
182  Kiribati 18 July 2024
183  Zambia 23 September 2024

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Africa

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Egypt 30 December 1960, 10 October 1976 and 24 September 2007
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt is accredited to the Dominican Republic from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
 Morocco 15 December 1960 and 4 October 1976
  • Morocco has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Rabat.
 South Africa 9 May 2002
  • South Africa is accredited to the Dominican Republic from its high commission in Kingston, Jamaica.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Pretoria.

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina 1925
 Brazil 21 April 1911
 Canada 22 April 1954 See Canada-Dominican Republic relations
  • Canada has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Ottawa and two consulates-general in Montreal and Toronto.
 Chile 1922 See Chile-Dominican Republic relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Santiago.
 Cuba 5 April 1904, broken 26 June 1959, restored 16 April 1998 See Cuba-Dominican Republic relations

On 26 June 1959, Cuba broke diplomatic relations with the Dominican Republic, citing, among other things, the latter's protection of "Batista war criminals," the sacking of the Cuban Embassy in Ciudad Trujillo, the preparation of a "counter-revolutionary force of 25,000 men" aimed against Cuba, insults against Cuba by the government-controlled press and radio and, especially, attacks by the Dominican Air Force on its own defenseless civilian population and the "torture and assassination of prisoners".[84] The Dominican Republic and Cuba recently established consular relations, and there is contact in fields such as commerce, culture, and sports.

  • Cuba has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Havana.
 Guyana 19 October 1970
 Haiti 26 July 1867 See Dominican Republic–Haiti relations
 Honduras 18 September 1946
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Tegucigalpa.
  • Honduras has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Jamaica 4 December 1964
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Kingston.
  • Jamaica has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Mexico 11 July 1929 See Dominican Republic–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Mexico were established on 11 July 1929.

  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Mexico City.[86]
  • Mexico has an embassy in Santo Domingo.[87]
 Puerto Rico (territory of the United States)

The Dominican Republic has very strong ties and relations with Puerto Rico, albeit not formal ones. Although a United States Commonwealth, Puerto Rico is the Dominican Republic's largest trading partner. While relations between the islands have had difficulties, mainly due to the huge exodus of illegal immigrants from the Dominican Republic due to the nation's history of economic woes, the islands still, with the assistance of the United States Coast Guard and the Dominican Navy have worked hard to reduce the number of Dominicans crossing the Mona Passage in recent years. Puerto Rico is home to an estimated 485,000 Dominicans,[88][failed verification] and the Dominican Republic maintains consulates in the cities of San Juan and Mayagüez.

 Trinidad and Tobago May 1968 See Dominican Republic-Trinidad and Tobago relations
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Port-of-Spain.
  • Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to the Dominican Republic from its high commission in Kingston, Jamaica.
 United States 26 March 1884, broken 26 August 1960 - 6 January 1962 See Dominican Republic–United States relations

The Dominican Republic's standing as the largest Caribbean economy, second-largest country in terms of population and land mass, with large bilateral trade with the United States, and its proximity to the United States and other smaller Caribbean nations make the Dominican Republic an important partner in hemispheric affairs. The Embassy estimates that 100,000 U.S. citizens live in the Dominican Republic; many are dual nationals. An important element of the relationship between the two countries is the fact that more than 1 million individuals of Dominican origin reside in the United States, most of them in the metropolitan Northeast and some in Florida.

U.S. relations with the Dominican Republic are excellent. The Dominican Government has been supportive of many U.S. initiatives in the United Nations and related agencies. The two governments cooperate in the fight against the traffic in illegal substances. The Dominican Republic has worked closely with U.S. law enforcement officials on issues such as the extradition of fugitives and measures to hinder illegal migration.

The United States supports efforts to improve Dominican competitiveness, to attract foreign private investment, to fight corruption, and to modernize the tax system. Bilateral trade is important to both countries. U.S. firms, mostly manufacturers of apparel, footwear, and light electronics, as well as U.S. energy companies, account for much of the foreign private investment in the Dominican Republic.

Exports from the United States, including those from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, to the Dominican Republic in 2005 totaled $5.3 billion, up 11% from the previous year. The Dominican Republic exported $4.5 billion to the United States in 2006, equaling some 75% of its export revenues. The Dominican Republic is the 47th-largest commercial partner of the U.S. The U.S. Embassy works closely with U.S. business firms and Dominican trade groups, both of which can take advantage of the new opportunities in this growing market. At the same time, the embassy is working with the Dominican Government to resolve a range of ongoing commercial and investment disputes.

The Embassy counsels U.S. firms through its Country Commercial Guide and informally via meetings with business persons planning to invest or already investing in the Dominican Republic. This is a challenging business environment for U.S. firms, especially for medium to smaller sized businesses.

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) mission is focused on improving access of underserved populations to quality health care and combating HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis; promoting economic growth through policy reform, support for CAFTA-DR implementation, and technical assistance to small producers and tourism groups; environmental protection and policy reform initiatives; improved access to quality primary, public education and assistance to at-risk youth; a model rural electrification program; and improving participation in democratic processes, while strengthening the judiciary and combating corruption across all sectors.[89]

 Uruguay 27 November 1925 See Dominican Republic–Uruguay relations
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Venezuela 31 March 1936 and 12 January 1945-Joint Communique

The Dominican Republic and Venezuela have kept a very close relationship throughout the early 2000s. Currently,[when?] Venezuela is the biggest seller of oil to the Dominican Republic. In 2003, Venezuela was selling to the Dominican Republic approximately 110,000 barrels of oil per day, making for more than 75% of the daily oil consumption in the country, including cars, factories, and electrical plants. Today, the Dominican Republic gets around 50,000 barrels of oil a day from Venezuela under the Petrocaribe agreement, which includes most of the Caribbean countries.[90]

Due to the Dominican economy, the country cannot afford all this oil through cash, so to pay Venezuela for the oil, the Dominican Government makes payments not only in cash, but also by exporting goods like black beans to Venezuela and other things like selling bonds. The Dominican Government has to export so many beans to Venezuela, Over 10,000 tons, that it had to start to import some beans from foreign countries to provide the population with beans.[91]

In January 2015, the Dominican Government raised almost 2 billion dollars to pay off part of the debt they owed to Venezuela.[92] The Dominican Republic currently represents a 1.5 billion dollar year revenue to Venezuela just in the oil business itself, which is the reason why the Dominican Republic and Venezuela government have such a strong connection now that both countries are getting what they need from each other.

  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Santo Domingo.

Asia

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 China 1 May 2018 See China–Dominican Republic relations and Dominican Republic–Taiwan relations

The Dominican Republic used to keep official relations with Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC). On 1 May 2018, the Dominican Republic's government announced that diplomatic relations with Taiwan is severed and diplomatic ties with People's Republic of China is established, and recognize Taiwan as an "inalienable part of Chinese territory".

  • China has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Beijing.
 India 4 May 1999 See Dominican Republic–India relations
  • India has an honorary consulate in Santo Domingo.[93]
  • Dominican Republic maintains an embassy in New Delhi.[94]
 Israel 11 July 1955

Israel had provided aid and technical assistance and maintained some commercial, cultural, and diplomatic ties; in return, the Israelis often counted on the Dominican Republic to support their positions in international fora.[1]

  • Israel has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
 Philippines 6 July 1946
  • Philippines is accredited to the Dominican Republic from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
  • Dominican Republic is accredited to the Philippines from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
 South Korea 6 June 1962

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Dominican Republic began on 6 June 1962.[95]

  • South Korea has an embassy in Santo Domingo.[96]
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Seoul.[97]
 Turkey 28 November 1951 See Dominican Republic–Turkey relations
  • Turkey has an embassy in Santo Domingo.[98]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$132.7 million in 2019 (Dominican exports/imports: 14.1/118.6 million USD).[98]
 Vietnam 7 July 2005
  • Vietnam is accredited to the Dominican Republic from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Hanoi.[99]

Europe

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Belgium 10 April 1891
  • Belgium is accredited to the Dominican Republic from its embassy in Kingston, Jamaica.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Brussels and a consulate-general in Antwerp.
 France 22 September 1850
 Germany 30 January 1885
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Italy 22 March 1854
 Holy See 1881
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Rome accredited to the Holy See.
  • Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Santo Domingo.
 Netherlands 30 November 1853
 Romania 21 July 1984
  • Dominican Republic is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Rome, Italy.[100]
  • Romania is accredited to the Dominican Republic from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia, and has an honorary consulate in Santo Domingo.[101]
 Russia 8 March 1945, broken 3 January 1955, restored 18 March 1991
  • Russia is accredited to the Dominican Republic from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Moscow.
 Spain 18 February 1855 See Dominican Republic–Spain relations
  Switzerland 28 March 1927 See Dominican Republic-Switzerland relations
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Bern and a consulate-general in Zürich.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
 United Kingdom 5 March 1850

The United Kingdom was the first country to recognize the Dominican Republic.[104]

  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Santo Domingo.

Multilateral relations

[edit]

The Dominican Republic is a founding member of the United Nations and many of its specialized and related agencies, including the World Bank, International Labour Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, and International Civil Aviation Organization. It also is a member of the OAS, World Trade Organization, World Health Organization, World Customs Organization the Inter-American Development Bank, Central American Integration System, and ACP Group.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Dominican Republic and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
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  6. ^ a b c d Mario J. Gallego, Cosme (2014). "CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO E INTERNACIONAL DE LAS RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA CON ESPAÑA DURANTE LA SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XIX1" (PDF) (in Spanish): 12. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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  53. ^ "c) Con anterioridad al presente acuerdo, en fecha cuarto(4) de septiembre del año mil novecientos noventa y uno (1991), anbos gobiernos decidieron formalizar las relaciones diplomáticas a nivel de Embajadores concurrentes" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
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  63. ^ "RD establece relaciones diplomáticas con Irlanda" (in Spanish). Diario libre. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
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