Friedrich von Scholl

His Excellency

Friedrich von Scholl
Born(1846-10-25)25 October 1846
Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse
Died2 October 1928(1928-10-02) (aged 81)
Potsdam, Free State of Prussia, Weimar Republic
Allegiance
Service / branchGrand Duchy of Hesse Grand Ducal Hessian Army [de]
 Prussian Army
Imperial German Army
Years of service1863–1918
RankGeneraloberst
Commands
Battles / warsAustro-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War World War I

Friedrich von[a] Scholl (25 October 1846 – 2 October 1928), born Friedrich Ludwig Karl Ernst Wilhelm Georg[1] Scholl, was a Colonel General (German: Generaloberst) in the Prussian and Imperial German armies, and adjutant in the court of Kaiser Wilhelm II. He was a relative of physicist Wilhelm Hallwachs.[2]

Biography

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Scholl (seventh from left) with the Kaiser's adjutants during the maneuvers of 1905.

Born on 25 October 1846 in Darmstadt, part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse at the time,[3][4][5][6] he was the son of Friedrich Scholl (1815–1875), a colonel in the Hessian army and Head of the Department of War. Following in his father's footsteps, Scholl joined the Hessian Army on 11 February 1863 as part of the 2nd Reiter (cavalry) Regiment and rose to the rank of Sekonde-Lieutenant (second lieutenant) on 7 September 1865.[3][4]

During the 1866 Austro–Prussian War, Scholl fought for Hesse against Prussia.[3] Following the war, Scholl joined the Prussian Army.[3] Scholl spent over two years at a cavalry training center between September 1867 and November 1869, becoming an officer of the Prussian Army afterwards.[3] During the 1870–71 Franco–Prussian War, Sekonde-Lieutenant Scholl fought for Prussia in the Battle of Gravelotte and Siege of Metz.[3] During the war, Scholl was promoted to Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant).[3] Scholl also was awarded the Iron Cross following the war.[3] In 1877, Scholl became Rittmaster of a cavalry regiment.[3] On 25 February 1880, Scholl was raised to the hereditary nobility of Hesse (now a part of the German Empire), and shortly later on 15 July 1880, Scholl was further made a member of the Imperial German nobility.[3]

Starting on 11 December 1886, Scholl commanded his regiment from Potsdam.[3] On 1 September 1887, Scholl was promoted to Major.[3] The following June 19, Scholl became an aide to other generals in Kaiser Wilhelm II’s court.[3][4] On 18 August 1891 Scholl was promoted to Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel).[3] On 14 May 1894 Scholl was promoted to Oberst (Colonel).[3] On 20 July 1897, Scholl was promoted to Generalmajor.[3] On 18 May 1901, Scholl was promoted to Generalleutnant.[3] On Christmas Day, 1905, Scholl was made General of the Cavalry.[3] On 16 June 1913, Scholl was promoted to Generaloberst, the rank that he would hold during World War I, during which he was an adjutant general to Kaiser Wilhelm II, advising him throughout the war, at the end of which Scholl retired from active service.[3]

Personal life

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Scholl married Adelheid Freiin[b] Löw von und zu Steinfurth on 29 September 1877;[7] they had a son, August (1879-1914),[8] who was killed in the opening days of World War I.[8]

Dates of rank

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Honours and awards

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German[9]
Foreign[21]

Notes

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  1. ^ In German personal names, von is a preposition which approximately means 'of' or 'from' and usually denotes some sort of nobility. While von (always lower case) is part of the family name or territorial designation, not a first or middle name, if the noble is referred to by their last name, use Schiller, Clausewitz or Goethe, not von Schiller, etc.
  2. ^ Regarding personal names: Freiherr is a former title (translated as 'Baron'). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Eisernes Kreuz von 1870", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 3, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1877, p. 883 – via hathitrust.org
  2. ^ "Hallwachs, Wilhelm Ludwig Franz" – via Hessian Biography.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Friedrich von Scholl". The Prussian Machine. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  4. ^ a b c "Die Woche Volume 15, Issues 41–52". Google Books (in German). August Scherl. 1913. p. 1808. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  5. ^ Ernst Ludwig (Grand Duke of Hesse); Golo Mann; Eckhart G. Franz (1983). Errinnertes, Aufzeichungen des letzten Grossherzogs Ernst Ludwig von Hessen und bei Rhein. Roether. p. 199. ISBN 9783792901311. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  6. ^ Nostitz–Rieneck, Georg (1966). Briefe Kaiser Franz Josephs an Kaiserin Elisabeth 1859–1898. Band 2 (in German). Verlag Herold. p. 466.
  7. ^ "Gothaisches genealogisches taschenbuch der freiherrlichen Häuser". Google Books (in German). 1900. p. 433. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  8. ^ a b Ehren-Rangliste des ehemaligen Deutschen Heeres (in German). Mittler & Sohn. 1926. p. 396.
  9. ^ "Militärisches Gefolge Seiner Majestät des Kaisers und Königs", Handbuch über den Königlich Preußischen Hof und Staat für das Jahr 1918 (in German), Berlin: In Kommission bei R. v. Decker's Verlag, 1918, p. 37 – via dlibra.bibliotekaelblaska.pl
  10. ^ a b Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1886, pp. 109, 27 – via hathitrust.org
  11. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1895, pp. 15, 10 – via hathitrust.org
  12. ^ a b Militär-Wochenblatt No. 15 (in German). 29 January 1907. p. 337.
  13. ^ "Großherzogliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (in German), Karlsruhe, 1910, pp. 61, 188{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ a b "Königliche Orden", Hof- und – Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern (in German), Munich: Druck and Verlag, 1902, pp. 28, 88 – via hathitrust.org
  15. ^ S. Braunschweig, ed. (1908), Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1908, vol. 1908, Braunschweig: Meyer, p. 10
  16. ^ "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen", Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1879, p. 20 – via archive.org
  17. ^ a b c Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, pp. 11, 129, 133 – via hathitrust.org
  18. ^ "Verdienst-Orden Philipps des Großmütigen", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1890, p. 37 – via hathitrust.org
  19. ^ "Verdienst-Orden Philipps des Großmütigen", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1898, p. 107 – via hathitrust.org
  20. ^ a b "Königliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg, Stuttgart: Landesamt, 1907, pp. 54, 127
  21. ^ Rangliste de Königlich Preußischen Armee (in German), Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, 1914, p. 44 – via hathitrust.org
  22. ^ "Ritter-orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, Vienna, 1918, pp. 77, 138, 262, retrieved 15 November 2021{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ^ a b Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG. "Sammlung Italien". In Numismatischer Verlag Fritz Rudolf Künker (ed.). Künker Auktion 253 - Orden und Ehrenzeichen 10. Ordensauktion des Hauses Künker: u. a. die Sammlung Friedhelm Beyreiß: Oldenburg sowie bedeutende Sammlungen Italien, Rußland und Skandinavien (in German). Numismatischer Verlag Künker. pp. 248, 250, 254.
  24. ^ "Kongl. Svenska Riddare-Ordnarne", Sveriges statskalender för Skottåret 1897 (PDF) (in Swedish), Stockholm, 1896, p. 420, retrieved 16 November 2020 – via gupea.ub.gu.se{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  25. ^ The London Gazette, issue 27957, p. 6859
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