Group of plant chemicals
Glyceollins are a family of prenylated pterocarpans found in ineffective types of nodule in soybean in response to symbiotic infection.[ 1]
It possesses two chiral centers and can be asymmetrically synthesized chemically at a gram level scale.[ 2]
Molecules found in the family are :
They are phytoalexins [ 3] with an antiestrogenic activity.[ 4] Lygin et al. 2013[ 5] finds antifungal activity against Phytophthora sojae and Macrophomina phaseolina , and Kim et al. 2010 against Aspergillus sojae .[ 3] Kaplan et al. 1980 finds nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita .[ 3] Parniske et al. 1991 finds an antibacterial effect.[ 3] Glyceollin is a vital part of soybean immunity.[ 3]
Lygin et al. 2013[ 5] find that daidzein is a precursor.[ 3] Glyceollin is a product of the phenylpropanoid pathway .[ 3] Glycinol is the direct precursor of glyceollins through the action of a prenyltransferase . Glyceollin synthase then transforms those prenylated precursors into glyceollins.
Some pathogens produce inhibitors.[ 3] Ziegler & Pontzen 1982 find Phytophthora megasperma produces an extracellular invertase , a mannanglycoprotein (a glycoprotein of mannan ), which prevents glyceollin accumulation not by its enzymatic action but due to an effect of its carbohydrate moiety.[ 3]
^ Soybean root response to symbiotic infection: Glyceollin accumulation in an ineffective type of nodule with an early loss of the peribacteroid membrane. Werner, D., R.B. Mellor , M.G. Hahn and H. Grisebach (1985), Z. Naturforsch., 40, 171-181. ^ Luniwal, Amarjit; Khupse, Rahul; Reese, Michael; Liu, Jidong; El-Dakdouki, Mohammad; Malik, Neha; Fang, Lei; Erhardt, Paul (2011-09-16). "Multigram Synthesis of Glyceollin I". Organic Process Research & Development . 15 (5): 1149–1162. doi :10.1021/op200112g . ISSN 1083-6160 . ^ a b c d e f g h i (LB ORCID : 0000-0001-5456-9305 ) . ^ Glyceollins, a Novel Class of Antiestrogenic Phytoalexins. Syreeta L. Tilghman, Stephen M. Boué and Matthew E. Burow, Mol Cell Pharmacol 2010;2(4), pp. 155-160, doi :10.4255/mcpharmacol.10.21 ^ a b Lygin, Anatoliy V.; Zernova, Olga V.; Hill, Curtis B.; Kholina, Nadegda A.; Widholm, Jack M.; Hartman, Glen L.; Lozovaya, Vera V. (2013). "Glyceollin is an Important Component of Soybean Plant Defense Against Phytophthora sojae and Macrophomina phaseolina " . Phytopathology . 103 (10). American Phytopathological Society : 984–994. doi :10.1094/phyto-12-12-0328-r . ISSN 0031-949X . PMID 23617338 . S2CID 12170923 .
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