List of IOC country codes
This is a list of International Olympic Committee (IOC) country codes.
Current NOCs
[edit]There are 206 current NOCs (National Olympic Committees) within the Olympic Movement. The following tables show the currently used code for each NOC and any different codes used in past Games, per the official reports from those Games. Some of the past code usage is further explained in the following sections. Codes used specifically for a Summer Games only or a Winter Games only, within the same year, are indicated by "S" and "W" respectively.
Code | National Olympic Committee | Other codes used | Link |
---|---|---|---|
AFG | ![]() | [1] | |
ALB | ![]() | [2] | |
ALG | ![]() |
| [3] |
AND | ![]() | [4] | |
ANG | ![]() | ANO (As referenced in IAAF World Championships Beijing 2015 Statistics Handbook)[1] | [5] |
ANT | ![]() | [6] | |
ARG | ![]() | [7] | |
ARM | ![]() | [8] | |
ARU | ![]() | [9] | |
ASA | ![]() | AMS[1] | [10] |
AUS | ![]() | [11] | |
AUT | ![]() | current code from French Autriche | [12] |
AZE | ![]() | [13] | |
BAH | ![]() | [14] | |
BAN | ![]() | [15] | |
BAR | ![]() | BAD (1964)[a] | [16] |
BDI | ![]() | [17] | |
BEL | ![]() | [18] | |
BEN | ![]() |
| [19] |
BER | ![]() | [20] | |
BHU | ![]() | [21] | |
BIH | ![]() | BSH (1992 S), BOS[1] current code from Bosnian Bosna i Hercegovina | [22] |
BIZ | ![]() | HBR (1968–1972) from French Honduras britannique as British Honduras; also BHO[1] | [23] |
BLR | ![]() | [24] | |
BOL | ![]() | [25] | |
BOT | ![]() | [26] | |
BRA | ![]() | [27] | |
BRN | ![]() | BHR[1] | [28] |
BRU | ![]() | [29] | |
BUL | ![]() | [30] | |
BUR | ![]() | VOL (1972–1984) as Upper Volta; also BKF[1] | [31] |
CAF | ![]() | AFC (1968) | [32] |
CAM | ![]() |
| [33] |
CAN | ![]() | [34] | |
CAY | ![]() | [35] | |
CGO | ![]() | [36] | |
CHA | ![]() | CHD (1964) | [37] |
CHI | ![]() |
| [38] |
CHN | ![]() | PRC (1952 S) as People's Republic of China | [39] |
CIV | ![]() |
| [40] |
CMR | ![]() | [41] | |
COD | ![]() |
| [42] |
COK | ![]() | CKI[1] | [43] |
COL | ![]() | [44] | |
COM | ![]() | [45] | |
CPV | ![]() | CVD[1] | [46] |
CRC | ![]() | COS (1964) | [47] |
CRO | ![]() | [48] | |
CUB | ![]() | [49] | |
CYP | ![]() | [50] | |
CZE | ![]() | [51] | |
DEN | ![]() |
| [52] |
DJI | ![]() | [53] | |
DMA | ![]() | DMN[1] | [54] |
DOM | ![]() | [55] | |
ECU | ![]() | [56] | |
EGY | ![]() |
| [57] |
ERI | ![]() | [58] | |
ESA | ![]() | SAL (1964–1976) | [59] |
ESP | ![]() |
| [60] |
EST | ![]() | [61] | |
ETH | ![]() |
| [62] |
FIJ | ![]() | FIG (1960) from Italian Figi | [63] |
FIN | ![]() | [64] | |
FRA | ![]() | [65] | |
FSM | ![]() | [66] | |
GAB | ![]() | [67] | |
GAM | ![]() | [68] | |
GBR | ![]() |
| [69] |
GBS | ![]() | [70] | |
GEO | ![]() | [71] | |
GEQ | ![]() | current code taken from French Guinée équatoriale | [72] |
GER | ![]() | [73] | |
GHA | ![]() | [74] | |
GRE | ![]() | [75] | |
GRN | ![]() | [76] | |
GUA | ![]() | GUT (1964) | [77] |
GUI | ![]() | [78] | |
GUM | ![]() | [79] | |
GUY | ![]() |
| [80] |
HAI | ![]() | [81] | |
HKG | ![]() | HOK (1960–1968) | [82] |
HON | ![]() | [83] | |
HUN | ![]() |
| [84] |
INA | ![]() | INS (1960) | [85] |
IND | ![]() | [86] | |
IRI | ![]() |
| [87] |
IRL | ![]() | current code taken from French Irlande | [88] |
IRQ | ![]() |
| [89] |
ISL | ![]() |
| [90] |
ISR | ![]() | [91] | |
ISV | ![]() | current code taken from French Îles Vierges (des États-Unis) | [92] |
ITA | ![]() | [93] | |
IVB | ![]() | BVI[1] current code taken from French Îles Vierges britanniques | [94] |
JAM | ![]() | [95] | |
JOR | ![]() | [96] | |
JPN | ![]() |
| [97] |
KAZ | ![]() | [98] | |
KEN | ![]() | [99] | |
KGZ | ![]() | [100] | |
KIR | ![]() | [101] | |
KOR | ![]() |
| [102] |
KOS | ![]() | [103] | |
KSA | ![]() |
| [104] |
KUW | ![]() | [105] | |
LAO | ![]() | [106] | |
LAT | ![]() | [107] | |
LBA | ![]() |
| [108] |
LBN | ![]() |
| [109] |
LBR | ![]() | [110] | |
LCA | ![]() | STL[1] | [111] |
LES | ![]() | [112] | |
LIE | ![]() |
| [113] |
LTU | ![]() | LIT (1992 W) | [114] |
LUX | ![]() | [115] | |
MAD | ![]() | MAG (1964) | [116] |
MAR | ![]() | MRC (1964); current code from French Maroc | [117] |
MAS | ![]() | MAL (1964–1988) | [118] |
MAW | ![]() | [119] | |
MDA | ![]() | MLD (1994) | [120] |
MDV | ![]() | [121] | |
MEX | ![]() | [122] | |
MGL | ![]() | MON (1968 W) | [123] |
MHL | ![]() | [124] | |
MKD | ![]() | current code taken from Macedonian Македонија/Makedonija | [125] |
MLI | ![]() | [126] | |
MLT | ![]() | MAT (1960–1964) | [127] |
MNE | ![]() | [128] | |
MON | ![]() | [129] | |
MOZ | ![]() | [130] | |
MRI | ![]() | [131] | |
MTN | ![]() | [132] | |
MYA | ![]() | [133] | |
NAM | ![]() | [134] | |
NCA | ![]() |
| [135] |
NED | ![]() | current code taken from Dutch Nederland | [136] |
NEP | ![]() | [137] | |
NGR | ![]() |
| [138] |
NIG | ![]() | NGR (1964) | [139] |
NOR | ![]() | [140] | |
NRU | ![]() | [141] | |
NZL | ![]() |
| [142] |
OMA | ![]() | OMN[1] | [143] |
PAK | ![]() | [144] | |
PAN | ![]() | [145] | |
PAR | ![]() | [146] | |
PER | ![]() | [147] | |
PHI | ![]() |
| [148] |
PLE | ![]() | [149] | |
PLW | ![]() | from archaic English Pelew | [150] |
PNG | ![]() |
| [151] |
POL | ![]() | [152] | |
POR | ![]() | [153] | |
PRK | ![]() |
| [154] |
PUR | ![]() |
| [155] |
QAT | ![]() | [156] | |
ROU | ![]() |
| [157] |
RSA | ![]() | SAF (1960–1972) current code from Republic of South Africa | [158] |
RUS | ![]() | From 1994 to 2016 | [159] |
RWA | ![]() | [160] | |
SAM | ![]() | WSM (1984–1996) as Western Samoa | [161] |
SEN | ![]() | SGL (1964) | [162] |
SEY | ![]() | [163] | |
SGP | ![]() | SIN (1959–2016) | [164] |
SKN | ![]() | STK[1] | [165] |
SLE | ![]() | SLA (1968) | [166] |
SLO | ![]() | [167] | |
SMR | ![]() | SMA (1960–1964) | [168] |
SOL | ![]() | [169] | |
SOM | ![]() | [170] | |
SRB | ![]() | from Serbian Srbija | [171] |
SRI | ![]() |
| [172] |
SSD | ![]() | [173] | |
STP | ![]() | [174] | |
SUD | ![]() | [175] | |
SUI | ![]() |
| [176] |
SUR | ![]() | [177] | |
SVK | ![]() | [178] | |
SWE | ![]() |
| [179] |
SWZ | ![]() | current code from former name Swaziland | [180] |
SYR | ![]() | SIR (1968) from Spanish Siria | [181] |
TAN | ![]() | [182] | |
TGA | ![]() | TON (1984) | [183] |
THA | ![]() | [184] | |
TJK | ![]() | [185] | |
TKM | ![]() | [186] | |
TLS | ![]() | current code taken from Portuguese Timor-Leste | [187] |
TOG | ![]() | [188] | |
TPE | ![]() |
| [189] |
TTO | ![]() |
| [190] |
TUN | ![]() | [191] | |
TUR | ![]() | [192] | |
TUV | ![]() | [193] | |
UAE | ![]() | [194] | |
UGA | ![]() | [195] | |
UKR | ![]() | [196] | |
URU | ![]() | URG (1968) | [197] |
USA | ![]() |
| [198] |
UZB | ![]() | [199] | |
VAN | ![]() | [200] | |
VEN | ![]() | [201] | |
VIE | ![]() |
| [202] |
VIN | ![]() | STV[1] | [203] |
YEM | ![]() | [204] | |
ZAM | ![]() | NRH (1964) as Northern Rhodesia | [205] |
ZIM | ![]() | RHO (1960–1972) as Rhodesia | [206] |
Current NPCs
[edit]Most National Paralympic Committees (NPC) cover a territory with an active NOC. In these cases the NPC codes matches the IOC codes shown above. The two current NPCs without a corresponding NOC use the following NPC codes.
Code | National Paralympic Committee | Link |
---|---|---|
MAC | ![]() | Associação Recreativa dos Deficientes de Macau |
FRO | ![]() | The Faroese Sport Organisation for Disabled |
Historic NOCs and teams
[edit]Codes still in use
[edit]Fourteen historical NOCs or teams have codes that are still used in the IOC results database[4] to refer to past medal winners from these teams.
Code | Nation/Team | Other codes used |
---|---|---|
AHO | ![]() |
|
ANZ | ![]() | Also AUA[1] |
BOH | ![]() | |
BWI | ![]() |
|
EUA | ![]() | code taken from French Équipe unifiée d'Allemagne |
EUN | ![]() | code from the French Équipe unifiée or Spanish Equipo Unificado |
FRG | ![]() |
|
GDR | ![]() | ODE (1968 S) from German Ostdeutschland code GDR taken from German Democratic Republic |
RU1 | ![]() | |
SCG | ![]() | code from Serbian Србија и Црна Гора / Srbija i Crna Gora |
TCH | ![]() |
|
URS | ![]() | SOV (1968 W) code from French Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques (URSS) |
VNM | ![]() | Code of the State of Vietnam and then Republic of Vietnam from 1952 to 1975.[5][6][7] |
YUG | ![]() |
|
ZZX | ![]() |
Obsolete codes
[edit]Unlike the previous list, these codes no longer appear in the IOC results database. When a past athlete from one of these teams has won a medal, the new code is shown next to them instead.
Code | Nation (NOC) | Years | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
BIR | ![]() From French Birmanie | 1948–1988 | Now ![]() | |
CEY | ![]() | 1948–1972 | Now ![]() | |
DAH | ![]() | 1964–1976 | Now ![]() | |
GUI | ![]() | 1948–1964 | Now ![]() The code former GUI has been reassigned to ![]() | |
HBR | ![]() From French Honduras britannique | 1968–1972 | Now ![]() | |
IHO | ![]() code from French Indes orientales hollandaises | 1934–1938 | Now ![]() | |
KHM | ![]() From French République khmère | 1972 | Now ![]() | |
MAL | ![]() From French Malaisie | 1956–1960 | Competed independently before the formation of Malaysia in 1963. Now ![]() | |
NBO | ![]() | 1956 | ||
NRH | ![]() | 1964 | Now ![]() | |
RAU | ![]() code from French République arabe unie | 1960 | Now ![]() ![]() | |
RHO | ![]() also Southern Rhodesia and Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland until it became Zimbabwe in 1980 | 1960–1972 | Now ![]() | |
ROC | ![]() | 1932–1976 | Medal winners from 1948 and earlier display as ![]() ![]() | |
SAA | ![]() | 1952 | Competed independently before rejoining ![]() | |
UAR | ![]() | 1964–1968 | Now ![]() | |
VOL | ![]() | 1972–1984 | Now ![]() | |
WSM | ![]() | 1984–1996 | Now ![]() | |
YAR | ![]() code from Yemen Arab Republic | 1984–1988 | Competed independently before Yemeni unification in 1990. Now ![]() | |
YMD | ![]() code from Yemen Democratic Republic | 1988 | ||
ZAI | ![]() From French Zaïre | 1972–1996 | Now ![]() |
Two other significant code changes have occurred, both because of a change in the nation's designation as used by the IOC:
- HOL was changed to NED for the Netherlands for the 1992 Games, reflecting the change in designation from Holland.
- IRN was changed to IRI for Iran for the 1992 Games, reflecting the change in designation to Islamic Republic of Iran.
Special codes for Olympics
[edit]Code | Nation/team | Years | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
AIN | ![]() from French Athlètes Individuels Neutres | 2024 | Used for Russian and Belarusian athletes competing as neutrals due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The delegation will use a flag and a one-off instrumental anthem assigned by the IOC. |
ANZ | ![]() | 1908–1912 | Used in the IOC's medal database[4] to identify the team from Australasia, composed of athletes from both Australia and New Zealand for the 1908 and 1912 Games. Both nations competed separately by 1920. |
COR | ![]() from French Corée | 2018 | Used for the unified Korean women's ice hockey team at the 2018 Winter Olympics.[8] |
EOR | ![]() from French Équipe olympique des réfugiés | 2020–2024 | Used for the IOC Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics for athletes to compete who have been displaced from their home countries. The IOC code was changed from ROT which was used in 2016. |
EUA | ![]() from French Équipe unifiée d'Allemagne | 1956–1964 | Used in the IOC's medal database[4] to identify the United Team of Germany, composed of athletes representing the NOCs of both East Germany and West Germany for the 1956–1964 Games. The team was simply known as Germany in the official reports for those six games at the time. |
EUN | ![]() from French Équipe unifiée | 1992 | Used in 1992 (both Summer and Winter Games) for the Unified Team, composed of athletes from most of the former Soviet republics that chose to compete as a unified team. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania entered separately in 1992, whereas Russia and eleven other post-Soviet nations competed independently for the first time in 1994 or 1996. |
IOP | ![]() |
| Used for independent Olympic participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics as a designation used for athletes from FR Yugoslavia who could not compete as a team due to United Nations sanctions. At the 1992 Summer Olympics IOP was used as a designation for athletes from the Republic of Macedonia too. IOP was also used during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi by Indian athletes due to the Indian Olympic Association suspension. |
IOA | ![]() |
| Used for Individual Olympic Athletes in 2000,[9] a designation used for athletes from Timor-Leste before the formation of its NOC. IOA was used again in the 2012 Games, when it stood for Independent Olympic Athletes,[10] comprising athletes from the former Netherlands Antilles and a runner from South Sudan. The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee's membership from the IOC was withdrawn the previous year, and South Sudan had not yet formed an NOC at the time. IOA was used again in 2016 for athletes from Kuwait as a result of the suspension of its National Olympic Committee.[11] |
IOC | ![]() | 2010–2012 | Used as the country code for Athletes from Kuwait, when the Kuwait Olympic Committee was suspended the first time, at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, the 2010 Asian Games and the 2011 Asian Winter Games; for the second suspension in 2015–2017, athletes from Kuwait were also competing in several international competitions under the IOC flag, but this time in the team of Individual Olympic Athletes (IOA), including (but not only) in the 2016 Summer Olympics. |
MIX | ![]() | 2010– | Used as the country code for Mixed NOCs at the Youth Olympics.[12][13] |
OAR | ![]() | 2018 | Used for Olympic Athletes from Russia competing as neutral athletes due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.[14] |
ROC | ![]() from the abbreviation for Russian Olympic Committee | 2020–2022 | Used for Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2022 Winter Olympics following the sanctions due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.[15][16] The delegation used a flag depicting the logo of the Russian Olympic Committee. |
ROT | ![]() | 2016 | Used for the Refugee Olympic Team at the 2016 Summer Olympics for athletes to compete who have been displaced from their home countries.[17] |
ZZX | ![]() | 1896–1904 | Used in the IOC's medal database[4] to identify medals won by mixed teams of athletes from multiple nations (such as the combination of France and Great Britain, for example), a situation that happened several times in the Games of 1896, 1900, and 1904. |
Special codes for Paralympics
[edit]Code | Nation/Team | Years | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
IPP | ![]() | 1992 | Used for Independent Paralympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Paralympics as a designation used for athletes from FR Yugoslavia and Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia who could not compete as a team due to United Nations sanctions. |
IPA | ![]() |
| De facto independent East Timor was not yet recognised as a sovereign state, and did not have a recognised National Paralympic Committee. Two athletes from the country gained the opportunity to in the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, but they competed officially as Individual Paralympic Athletes, rather than as representatives of an NPC. |
IPA | ![]() |
| A team consisting of refugee and asylee Paralympic athletes competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro as Independent Paralympic Athletes. |
NPA | ![]() ![]() |
| Used in 2018 for Russian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the state-sponsored doping scandal. Was to be used in 2022 for Russian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[18] however the Russian athletes were ultimately banned before the start of the 2022 Games. Used again in the 2024 Summer Paralympics for both Russian and Belarusian athletes. In 2024, the designation was banned from using the Paralympic flag and instead used a white flag with black letters displaying "NPA" (but still used the Paralympic Anthem).[19] |
PNA | ![]() | – | Was to be used for Belarusian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,[18] however the Belarusian athletes were ultimately banned before the start of the 2022 Winter Paralympics and the code was not used. |
RPC | ![]() from the abbreviation for Russian Paralympic Committee |
| Used for Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics following the sanctions due to the state-sponsored doping scandal. The delegation used a flag with an altered emblem of the Russian Paralympic Committee (the original emblem being banned due to containing the flag of Russia). Was to be used in 2022 as well, however the Russian athletes were ultimately banned due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. |
RPT | ![]() | 2020 |
Special codes for World Games
[edit]The World Games are a multi-sport event comprising sports and sporting disciplines that are not contested in the Olympic Games. The World Games are governed by the International World Games Association, under the patronage of the International Olympic Committee.
Code | Nation/Team | Years | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
HNL[20] | ![]() | 2022 | The Haudenosaunee (also known as the Iroquois), who invented the sport of lacrosse and which has spiritual significance to them, were initially denied a spot to compete at the 2022 World Games, despite the Haudenosaunee national team's placement at the 2018 World Lacrosse Championship, due to not having a recognized NOC and issues concerning other countries recognizing sovereignty; they were given a spot to compete after Ireland agreed to drop out of competition in a show of solidarity.[21][22][23] |
See also
[edit]- Comparison of IOC, FIFA, and ISO 3166 country codes
- List of FIFA country codes
- Lists of National Olympic Committees by continental association:
- List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games
- List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games
- List of CGF country codes
- ISO 3166-1
Notes
[edit]- ^ Barbados did not send a delegation to the 1964 Summer Olympics, but is nevertheless listed as a participant with an official country code in the official Tokyo 1964 results book.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "IAAF World Championships Beijing 2015 Statistics Handbook" (PDF). Iaaf-ebooks.s3.amazonaws.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2022-02-22.
- ^ "Official Report 1964 v.2-page 9".
- ^ Official name given to the Republic of China for international organizations
- ^ a b c d "Olympic Medal Winners". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
- ^ "MUNICH 1972 SHOOTING 50M PISTOL 60 SHOTS MIXED RESULTS". Olympic.org.
- ^ "Việt Nam Cộng hòa và những người Việt Nam đầu tiên dự Olympics". 23 July 2021.
- ^ "South Vietnam (VNM)". Olympedia.
- ^ IOC. "Olympic Korean Peninsula Declaration" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- ^ "The Results" (PDF). la84foundation.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27.
- ^ "Independent Olympic Athletes". London2012.com. London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from the original on 2013-02-28.
- ^ "Independent Olympic Athletes". Rio2016.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
- ^ "Mixed NOCs". Archived from the original on 2014-02-25.
- ^ "Medals – Youth Olympic Games, Buenos Aires 2018". Olympic Channel. Archived from the original on 2019-07-12. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ "IOC suspends Russian NOC and creates a path for clean individual athletes to compete in PyeongChang 2018 under the Olympic Flag". Olympic.org. 24 January 2018.
- ^ "Russian team to be branded as 'ROC' during Tokyo Olympics as part of doping sanctions". The Japan Times. 20 February 2021. Retrieved 2022-02-22.
- ^ "Olympics: Russia to compete under ROC acronym in Tokyo as part of doping sanctions". Reuters. Reuters. 2021-02-19. Archived from the original on 2021-02-20. Retrieved 2021-02-20.
- ^ Rio2016.org, 3 June 2016 Archived 2016-08-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Russian and Belarusian athletes to still receive medals at Beijing 2022". 2 March 2022.
- ^ "IPC publish Neutral Paralympic Athletes regulations for the Paris 2024 Paralympics".
- ^ "World Games 2022: Qualified Nations List". International World Games Association. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
- ^ Glennon, Michael (2020-09-05). "Ireland sacrifice place for good of 'Medicine Game'". RTÉ.ie.
- ^ "World Lacrosse Announces Teams for Men's Lacrosse Competition at TWG 2022; Iroquois Nationals Accept Invitation to Compete". TWG 2022 Birmingham. 7 Sep 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
- ^ Hamby, Bo (October 1, 2020). "Ireland Lacrosse Bows Out Of 2022 World Games So Iroquois Nationals Can Play". National Public Radio.
Sources
[edit]- VII Olympic Winter Games Cortina d'Ampezzo 1956 Official Report (PDF). Rome: Società Grafica Romana. p. 70. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Robert Rubin (ed.). VIII Olympic Winter Games Squaw Valley California 1960 Final Report (PDF). California Olympic Commission. p. 92. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Giacomini, Romolo, ed. (May 1963). The Games of the XVII Olympiad Rome 1960, The Official Report of the Organizing Committee, Volume 2 (PDF). Rome: Carlo Colombo. p. 56. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
- The Official Report of the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, Tokyo 1964, Volume II (PDF). Tokyo: The Organizing Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad. October 1966. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
- Xth Winter Olympic Games Official Report (PDF). Comité d'Organisation des xèmes Jeux Olympiques d'Hiver de Grenoble. 1969. p. 401. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Trueblood, Beatrice, ed. (1969). The Official Report of the Organizing Committee of the Games of the XIX Olympiad Mexico 1968, Volume 3: The Games (PDF). Organizing Committee of the Games of the XIX Olympiad. pp. 16–17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- The Official Report of XIth Winter Olympic Games, Sapporo 1972 (PDF). The Organizing Committee for the Sapporo Olympic Winter Games. 1973. pp. 434–455. ISBN 0-900315-05-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Kunze, Herbert, ed. (1974). The official report of the Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXth Olympiad Munich 1972, Volume 3 The competitions (PDF). Munich: proSport. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
- Bertl Neumann (ed.). XII.Olympische Winterspiele Innsbruck 1976 Final Report (PDF). Organizing Committee for the XIIth Winter Olympic Games 1976 at Innsbruck. p. 163. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Chantigny, Louis, ed. (1978). Games of the XXI Olympiad Montréal 1976 Official Report, Volume III Results (PDF). Montreal: COJO 76. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- I. T. Novikov, ed. (1981). Games of the XXII Olympiad Moscow 1980, Volume 3 Participants and Results (PDF). Moscow: Fizkultura i Sport. pp. 9–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- Official Report of the Organising Committee of the XlVth Winter Olympic Games 1984 at Sarajevo (PDF). Sarajevo: Oslobodenje. 1984. pp. 89–90. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-26. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Perelman, Richard B., ed. (1985). Official Report of the Games of the XXIIIrd Olympiad Los Angeles 1984, Volume 2 Competition Summary and Results (PDF). Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee. p. 202. ISBN 0-9614512-0-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-30. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- Rodney Chapman, ed. (1988). XV Olympic Winter Games Official Report (PDF). Calgary Olympic Development Association. pp. 621–645. ISBN 0-921060-26-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-14. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Lee Kyong-hee, ed. (September 1989). Games of the XXIVth Olympiad Seoul 1988 Official Report, Volume 2: Competition Summary and Results (PDF). Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee. pp. 150–161. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- Claudie Blanc, Jean-Marc Eysseric, ed. (1992). "Results". Official Report of the XVI Winter Olympic Games of Albertville and Savoie (PDF). Albertville, France: Comité d'organisation des XVIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver d'Albertville et de la Savoie. p. 3. ISBN 2-9507109-0-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Cuyàs, Romà, ed. (1992). Official Report of the Games of the XXV Olympiad Barcelona 1992, Volume IV The Games (PDF). COOB'92. pp. 396–397. ISBN 84-7868-097-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- "Volume IV". Official Report of the XVII Olympic Winter Games (PDF). 1994. p. 63. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-02. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Watkins, Ginger T., ed. (1997). The Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games, Volume III The Competition Results (PDF). Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers. pp. viii–ix. ISBN 1-56145-150-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- Shinano Mainichi Shimbun, ed. (1998). "Volume Three Competition Results and Participants". The XVIII Olympic Winter Games Official Report (PDF). The Organizing Committee for the XVIII Olympic Winter Games, Nagano 1998. p. 12. ISBN 4-7840-9827-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. (2001). "National Olympic Committees". Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad, Volume Three: Results (PDF). Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. pp. 1–5. ISBN 0-9579616-1-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- "List of National Olympic Committees Participating in the XIX Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 2002-01-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
- Skarveli, Efharis; Zervos, Isabel, eds. (November 2005). Official Report of the XXVIII Olympiad, Volume Two: The Games (PDF). Athens 2004 Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. pp. 528–529. ISBN 960-88101-7-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2008-02-05.