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Jazovka is a pit in the Žumberak Mountains area of Croatia, known as a site of mass executions and burials associated with Partisan activities during and after World War II. Hundreds of wounded Croatian soldiers from Zagreb hospitals and civilians were dumped in the pit. Some were already dead, but others died of exposure and injuries. Since the site was rediscovered in 1990, when more 800 skeletons were found, an annual pilgrimage has been organized.[1]
History
[edit]The first victims are believed to have been soldiers of the fascist puppet state Independent State of Croatia, captured by Partisan forces after a battle near Krašić in January 1943. Some were likely shot before being dumped into the pit; others might have been thrown in alive.
Later in 1945 the Partisans used the pit to dispose secretly of bodies of prisoners of war following the Bleiburg repatriations. They also dumped wounded Croatian soldiers, medical staff, and Catholic nuns.[2][3]
While local people retained the memory of these events, the communist government suppressed any acknowledgement of these wartime murders by the Partisans. In 1990, after the fall of socialism in Croatia, the pit was rediscovered.[4] At a depth of around 40 metres (131 ft), the remains of more 800 skeletons were found.
Since this period, the Catholic Church in Croatia has organised an annual pilgrimage to the site. It is held on June 22 and coincides with Anti-Fascist Struggle Day. The Church has lined the path to the pit from a nearby village with images of stations of the cross. The event is reported as popular among members of fringe right-wing groups in Croatia.[5][6]
Notable executee
[edit]- Gaudencija Šplajt, Roman Catholic nun who was sentenced to execution by shooting by the Partisan military court in Zagreb on 29 June 1945. She was convicted of aiding, harboring, and hiding a German bandit, the notorious Ustaša police director Ivan Tolj, and other Ustaše after the Soviet forces' and Partisans' liberation of Zagreb.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ "Nakon 75 godina ekshumirano 800 žrtava iz jame Jazovke". Večernji list (in Croatian). 2020-07-21. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
- ^ "Klanjamo se žrtvama Jazovke i Jadovna jer su za nas jednake". Večernji list (in Croatian). 23 August 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
- ^ Matković, Blanka (19 November 2011). "Odvođenja I Likvidacije Ranjenih Pripadnika Hrvatskih Oružanih Snaga (Hos) Iz Zagrebačkih Bolnica U Svibnju I Lipnju 1945. Kroz Arhivsko Gradivo Državnog Arhiva U Zagrebu". Arhivski vjesnik. 54 (1): 179–214.
- ^ Vinko Čavlović (2002-06-27). "Spomenar 27. lipnja - 3. srpnja - Domovinski rat". Dom i svijet 391 (in Croatian). Croatian Information Centre. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
29. lipnja 1990. - Kod žumberačkog sela Sošice otkrivena jama Jazovka, u kojoj se nalaze tijela tisuća hrvatskih vojnika i civila pobijenih neposredno nakon Drugog svjetskog rata.
- ^ Pofuk, Branimir (2013-08-25). "Mrtvi Jazovke i Jadovnog ostali su bez molitve koja bi ublažila veliki jaz i jad". Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 2014-07-06.
- ^ "Kod Jazovke odana počast žrtvama partizanskih zločina" (in Croatian). Index.hr. 2006-06-22. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
Organizatori - na čijem čelu je ove godine bilo Hrvatsko društvo političkih zatvorenika - navode kako se stratište kod jame Jazovka pohodi 22. lipnja "zato što hrvatski prerušenici u antifašiste i demokrate taj nadnevak podmeću za državni blagdan Republike Hrvatske".
- ^ Presuda Vojnog suda Komande grada Zagreba Miroslavu Filipoviću-Majstoroviću i družini; Sud. broj 290/45; 1945., lipanj 29., Zagreb.