Jian (era)

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Jian (治安) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name"), also known as Chi'an, after Kannin and before Manju. This period spanned the years from February 1021^[1] through July 1024.^[2] The reigning emperor was Go-Ichijō-tennō (後一条天皇).^[3]

• 1021 Jian gannen (治安元年): The era name was changed to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Kannin 5, on the 2nd day of the 2nd month of 1021.^[4]

• 1023 (Jian 3, 4th month): An epidemic in Kyoto was so severe that there were corpses in the streets;^[5] disease spread throughout the country.^[6]
• 1023 (Jian 3, 10th month): Fujiwara no Michinaga visits Mt. Koya.^[7]
• December 29, 1023 (Jian 3, 14th day of the 11th month): a lunar eclipse.^[8]

• Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
• Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
• Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
• Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764

• National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

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