Kashima Shin-ryū

Kashima-Shinryū
Ko-ryū
Foundation
FounderKunii Kagetsugu
Matsumoto Bizen-no-kami
Date foundedc. 1500
Period foundedMiddle Muromachi period (1336 to 1573)
Current information
Current headmasterShihanke: Seki Humitake (19th generation)
Sōke: Kunii Masakatsu
(21st generation)
Arts taught
ArtDescription
Kenjutsu
剣術
Sword techniques
Battōjutsu
抜刀術
Techniques for unsheathing the sword
Bōjutsu
棒術
Staff techniques
HobakujutsuRopes and restraint techniques
Jojutsu
杖術
Short staff techniques
Jujutsu
柔術
Hybrid art, unarmed or with minor weapons
KaikenjutsuDagger techniques
KenpoUnarmed striking techniques
Naginatajutsu
長刀術
Glaive techniques
Sojutsu
槍術
Spear techniques
Shurikenjutsu
手裏剣術
Throwing knife techniques
Ancestor schools
Kashima no Tachi
Kunii Zen'ya, former leader of the school, in 1953.

Kashima-Shinryū (鹿島神流) is a Japanese koryū martial art whose foundation dates back to the early 16th century.[1] The art developed some notoriety in Japan during the early 20th century under Kunii Zen'ya (1894-1966), the 18th generation sōke (headmaster). The current sōke is the 21st generation, Kunii Masakatsu.[2] While the line is still headed by the Kunii family, the title of sōke is now largely honorific, and the responsibility for the preservation and transmission of the ryūha now lies in the shihanke line, currently represented by the 19th generation, Seki Humitake.[1][2]

History

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The characters Kashima 鹿島 are in honor of the deity enshrined in the Kashima Shrine located in Kashima, Ibaraki Prefecture, who is supposed to have provided the divine inspiration (shin 神) for Kashima Shin-ryū.[1] The earliest elements of the school are credited to Kashima no Tachi, fencing techniques passed down by the priests of the Kashima Shrine following their creation by Kuninazu no Mahito in the 7th century.[3] In Kashima Shinryū lore, Matsumoto Bizen-no-kami, assisted by Kunii Kagetsugu, refined and expounded on Kashima no Tachi into the basis of the modern school. After this development, they went their separate ways. Kunii Kagetsugu began what is now named the sōke lineage (and is credited as the 1st generation of such), based in Iwaki province and handed down through the Kunii family line.[2] Conversely, Matsumoto Bizen-no-kami taught a large number of students, creating a number of martial lineages, often with characters reading shinkage in the name.[1] In 1780, the 12th generation sōke, Kunii Taizen Minamoto no Ritsuzan attained mastery in Jikishinkage-ryū, studying under Ono Seiemon Taira no Shigemasa. As Jikishinkage-ryū also traced its founding back to Matsumoto Bizen-no-kami, but passed down through Kamiizumi Ise-no-kami Fujiwara-no-Nobutsuna rather than the Kunii family, this lineage is recognized within Kashima Shinryū as the shihanke line, crediting Matsumoto Bizen-no-kami as the 1st generation.[1][2] The sōke and shihanke lines remained united within the Kunii family until Kunii Zen'ya appointed Seki Humitake as his successor and the 19th generation shihanke while leaving his wife, Kunii Shizu, to carry on as the 19th generation sōke.[1][2]

Despite the similarity of names, Kashima-Shinryū is of only passing relation to Kashima Shintō-ryū. While both schools regard Kashima no Tachi as a major antecedent, Kashima Shintō-ryū claims as founder Tsukahara Bokuden,[4] who independently generated a different refinement on Kashima no Tachi[5] than that of Matsumoto Bizen-no-Kami.

Ranks

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The following licenses exist under the Kashima-Shinryū Federation of Martial Sciences:[6]

rank clothing requirements
Kirigami 切紙 white belt Kenjutsu: kihon tachi, uradachi

Jūjutsu: Reiki no ho, idori, tachiwaza (Kirigami is a prerequisite for Kashima Shin-ryū membership)

Shomokuroku 小目録 white belt, black hakama Kenjutsu: Aishin kumitachi, Jissen tachigumi, Seigan tachiai

Jūjutsu: reikinage, nagewaza

Shoden 初伝 black belt, black hakama Kenjutsu: Kassen tachi, Tsubazeri, Taoshiuchi

Jūjutsu: Kumiwaza gusokudori, Toritegaeshi (selectively), kaiken/tantojutsu

Chūden 中伝 black belt, black hakama
Okuden 奥伝 black belt, white hakama
Kaiden 皆伝 black belt, white hakama
Menkyo kaiden 免許皆伝 white belt, white hakama Disciple has mastered the system

Locations

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Kashima-Shinryū can be studied in Japan (including Tokyo, Kyoto, and Tsukuba), and also in the United States (including Los Angeles, Athens, and Bozeman) and in Europe (including Breda, Dresden, Frankfurt, Helsinki, Ljubljana, Geneva, London, and Tampere).[7][8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Friday, Karl F. with Seki Humitake, Legacies of the Sword: The Kashima Shinryū and Samurai Martial Culture, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1997.
  2. ^ a b c d e Kashima-Shinryū Federation of Martial Sciences homepage
  3. ^ Hōjō Tokichika. Tōgoku Meisho Zue: Kashima Shi, 1833.
  4. ^ Koryu.com Entry on Kashima Shinto-ryu
  5. ^ Skoss, Meik. Kashima Shinto-ryu, Koryu.com, 1993
  6. ^ Kashima Shinryū in Finland - Grading
  7. ^ Kashima-Shinryu Federation of Martial Sciences, List of Authorized Instructors
  8. ^ Kashima Shin Ryu in Aikikai International Geneve
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