Timeline of Kurdish uprisings
This is an incomplete list of Kurdish uprisings. You can help by expanding it.
List of conflicts
[edit]Date | Uprising | Location | Result |
---|---|---|---|
838–841[1] | Kurdish Dasni tribe uprising against the Abbasids | Abbasid Caliphate | Suppressed |
955–1071[2][3][4] | War against the Musafirid. | Rawadid dynasty | Victory |
1045 | Battle of Dvin | Shaddadids | Victory |
990–1085 | Kurdish uprising | The Marwanids | Victory, led to the birth of the Marwanids dynasty |
1506–1510 | Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids[5] | ![]() | Suppressed when the Yazidi leader, Shír Ṣárim, was defeated in battle. |
1609–1610 | Battle of Dimdim[6] | ![]() | Suppressed |
1775 | Bajalan uprising[7] | ![]() | Suppressed |
1806–1808 | Baban uprising[8] | ![]() | Suppressed |
1880–1881 | Revolt by Sheikh Ubeydullah of Nehri against the Qajars.[9][10] | ![]() ![]() | Defeat |
late 1890s – 1900 | Siege of Constantinople (1391)[11] | ![]() | Suppressed |
Early March – 4 April 1914 | Bitlis uprising | ![]() | Suppressed |
1914 – 1917 | Kurdish rebellions during World War I | ![]() | Establishment of a quasi-independent Kurdish state until 1919 |
1919–1922 – First Mahmud Barzanji Revolt | First Mahmud Barzanji revolt | ![]() | Suppressed |
1918–1922 | First Simko Shikak revolt | ![]() | Suppressed |
1918–2003 | Iraqi–Kurdish conflict | ![]() | Victory |
1918–present | Kurdish–Iranian conflict | ![]() | Ongoing |
6 March – 17 June 1921 | Koçgiri rebellion | ![]() | Suppressed |
November 1922 – July 1924 | Second Mahmud Barzanji revolt | ![]() ![]() | Creation of the Kingdom of Kurdistan[12][13] |
August 1924 | Beytussebab rebellion | ![]() | Suppressed |
8 February – March 1925 | Sheikh Said rebellion[9] | ![]() | Suppressed |
1926 | Second Simko Shikak revolt | ![]() | Suppressed, Simko Shikak flees to Mandatory Iraq |
October 1927 – September 17, 1930 | First, second and third Ararat rebellion[14][15][16][17][18] | ![]() ![]() | Suppressed, Republic of Ararat disbanded. |
1931–1932 | Ahmed Barzani revolt | ![]() | Suppressed, low-level insurgency continues through 1933, another revolt by Barzanis erupts in 1943 |
1935 | Yazidi revolt of 1935 | ![]() | Suppressed |
20 March – November, 1937 and 2 January – December, 1938 | Dersim rebellion | ![]() | Suppressed, see Dersim Massacre |
1941–1944 | Hama Rashid revolt | ![]() | Suppressed, Hama Rashid driven into Iraq |
November 1945 – December 15, 1946 | Iran crisis of 1946[19] | ![]() ![]() | Creation of the Soviet-backed Republic of Mahabad, revolt later suppressed |
11 September 1961 – 1970 | First Iraqi–Kurdish War | ![]() | Stalemate, led to the Iraqi-Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970 |
1967 | 1967 Kurdish revolt in Iran | ![]() | Suppressed |
April 1974 – 1975 | Second Iraqi–Kurdish War | ![]() | Suppressed, the Iraqi government re-establishes control over Kurdistan |
1976–1978 | PUK insurgency | ![]() | Indecisive, led to the Kurdish rebellion of 1983 |
1979 | 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran | ![]() | Suppressed |
1983–1985 | Kurdish rebellion of 1983 | ![]() | Indecisive, led to the Al-Anfal Campaign |
15 August 1984 – present | Kurdish–Turkish conflict | ![]() | Ongoing[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] |
1986–1996 | KDPI insurgency | ![]() | Suppressed; KDPI announces unilateral cease-fire in 1996 |
1 March – 5 April 1991 | 1991 Iraqi uprisings | ![]() ![]() | Victory; establishment of the Kurdish Autonomous Republic, also known as Iraqi Kurdistan |
March 2004 | 2004 Qamishli riots | ![]() | Suppressed |
1 April 2004–present | Iran–PJAK conflict | ![]() | Ongoing |
19 July 2012–present | Rojava conflict of the Syrian civil war | ![]() | Kurdish fighters have taken control of 365 towns and villages in Syrian Kurdistan and 2 districts in Aleppo by September 2012.[27] |
24 July 2015 – present | Kurdish–Turkish conflict | ![]() | align=right Suppressed |
19 April 2016 – present | Western Iran clashes | ![]() | Ongoing |
24 August 2016 – present | Turkish military intervention in Syria | ![]() | Ongoing |
15 – 27 October 2017 | 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict | ![]() ![]() | Ceasefire, Iraqi Kurdistan loses territory, including Sinjar and Kirkuk |
See also
[edit]- A Modern History of the Kurds by David McDowall
References
[edit]- ^ M. Th. Houtsma, 1993, E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936: Volume 4 - Page 1136, Brill
- ^ Hugh Kennedy, The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates The Kurdish dynasties which emerged in the second half of tenth century...the Rawwadids
- ^ Sharaf Khan Bidlisi The Sharafnam̂a Rawwadi Kurds..
- ^ Ian Richard Netto, Encyclopaedia of Islam "There was a succession of Kurdish dynasties such as ... Rawwadids of Tabriz and Azerbayjan"
- ^ "Of the anger and alarm aroused by these proceedings..." persian.packhum.org. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
- ^ "DIMDIM". Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- ^ "Iranica - Search Results". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. , p.533.
- ^ Meho, Lokman I. "The kurds and Kurdistan: a general background" (PDF). p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-13.
- ^ a b "Are Kurds a pariah minority?". Archived from the original on 2008-06-08.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 951.
- ^ McCarthy, Justin (2006-09-29). The Armenian Rebellion at Van. University of Utah Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-87480-870-4.
In the late 1890s the government began to improve the security in the Van Province with mixed but real results. Soldiers were sent to defend Armenian villages from tribes. The Ottomans responded to tribal raids in southern Van Province by sending regular troops to Hakkâri Sancak to protect the Nestorians. They succeeded in keeping the area quiet, at least for the time being. Troops opposed incursions by Persian Kurds. They even used artillery to bombard the fortified villages of raiding tribes. In 1900 the government gained a victory when regular troops captured Şerif, the leader of the Shekifti subtribe of the Shikak Kurds and long-standing plague for both the government and the Armenians, in a bloody battle in the Albak region near Başkale.
- ^ Stokes, Jamie (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Kingdom of Kurdistan. Infobase. ISBN 9781438126760. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ Asadi, Awat (2007). Der Kurdistan-Irak-Konflikt: der Weg zur Autonomie seit dem ersten Weltkrieg. Verlag Hans Schiler. ISBN 9783899300239. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...
- ^ Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, p. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...
- ^ Ayşe Hür, "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4" Archived 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, Taraf, October 23, 2008, Retrieved August 16, 2010.
- ^ M. Kalman, Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930, Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997, ISBN 975-8245-01-5, p. 105.
- ^ "Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) Berliner Tageblatt, October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert."
- ^ "CSP – Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946–2008". Systemicpeace.org. June 12, 2013. Archived from the original on January 21, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
- ^ "The PKK's withdrawal: An historic step". The Economist. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ Letsch, Constanze (8 May 2013). "PKK begins to withdraw from Turkey". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ "Nearly half of PKK terrorists reportedly withdraw from Turkey". Today's Zaman. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ "Turkey: PKK leader calls halt to armed struggle". Ansamed. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- ^ "Cautious Turkish PM welcomes Öcalan's call for end to armed struggle". Hürriyet daily news. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- ^ "Kurdish separatist group leader Öcalan calls to stop armed struggle". Trend AZ. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- ^ "Ocalan's farewell to arms brings Kurds hope for peace". Euronews. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- ^ "Vacuum of uprising gives Syrian Kurds rare freedom". Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2014.