LGBT rights in the Americas
LGBT rights in the Americas | |
---|---|
![]() Status of same-sex marriage and other types of same-sex partnerships in the Americas. Same-sex marriage1 Other type of registered partnership1 Limited domestic recognition1 Foreign marriages recognized for residency only Unrecognized Constitution restricts marriage to opposite-sex couples Unenforced ban on same-sex sexual activity 1May include recent laws or court decisions which have created legal recognition of same-sex relationships, but which have not entered into effect yet. | |
Status | Legal in 30 out of 35 states; equal age of consent in 26 out of 35 states Legal in all 21 territories; equal age of consent in 16 out of 21 territories |
Gender identity | Legal in 13 out of 35 states Legal in 8 out of 21 territories |
Military | Allowed to serve openly in 14 out of 29 states that have an army Allowed in all 21 territories |
Discrimination protections | Protected in 22 out of 35 states Protected in 14 out of 21 territories |
Family rights | |
Recognition of relationships | Recognized in 11 out of 35 states Recognized in 18 out of 21 territories |
Restrictions | Same-sex marriage constitutionally banned in 7 out of 35 states |
Adoption | Legal in 7 out of 35 states Legal in 13 out of 21 territories |
Laws governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights are complex and diverse in the Americas, and acceptance of LGBT persons varies widely.
Same-sex marriages are currently legal in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, United States and Uruguay. Free unions that are equivalent to marriage have begun to be recognized in Bolivia. Among non-independent states, same-sex marriage is also legal in Greenland, the British Overseas Territories of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, all French territories (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, French Guiana, Saint Martin, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and in the Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, and Curaçao, while marriages performed in the Netherlands are recognised in Sint Maarten. More than 800 million people live in nations or sub-national entities in the Americas where same-sex marriages are available.
On 9 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion that states party to the American Convention on Human Rights should grant same-sex couples accession to all existing domestic legal systems of family registration, including marriage, along with all rights that derive from marriage.[1] The Supreme Courts of Honduras,[2] Panama,[3] Peru[4] and Suriname[5] have rejected the IACHR advisory opinion, while the Supreme Courts of Costa Rica and Ecuador adhered to it. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Uruguay are also under the court's jurisdiction, but already had same-sex marriage before the ruling was handed down.
However, five other nations still have unenforced criminal penalties for "buggery" on their statute books.[6] These are Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, of which Guyana is on mainland South America, while the rest are Caribbean islands. They are all former parts of the British West Indies. In addition, in Anguilla, the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, Paraguay, Montserrat, Suriname and the Turks and Caicos Islands, the age of consent is higher for same-sex sexual relations than for opposite-sex ones, and in Bermuda, the age of consent for anal sex is higher than that for other types of sexual activities.
Religion and LGBT acceptance
[edit]The British, French, Spanish and Portuguese colonists, who settled most of the Americas, brought Christianity from Europe. In particular, the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestants, both of which oppose legal recognition of homosexual relationships. These were followed by the Eastern Orthodox church,[7] the Methodist Church,[8][9] and some other Mainline (Protestant) denominations, such as the Reformed Church in America[10] and the American Baptist Church,[11] as well as conservative evangelical organizations and churches, such as the Evangelical Alliance and the Southern Baptist Convention.[12][13][14] Pentecostal churches, such as the Assemblies of God,[15] as well as restorationist churches (like Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormons), also take the position that homosexual sexual activity is ‘sinful’.[16][17]
However, other denominations have become more accepting of LGBT people in recent decades, including the Episcopalian church in the United States, the Evangelical Lutheran Church (also in America), the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Canada, the Anglican Church of Canada, the United Church of Canada, the United Church of Christ, the Unitarian Universalist Association, and the Society of Friends (Quakers), as well as some congregations of the Presbyterian Church in America. Most of these denominations now perform same-sex weddings or blessings. Furthermore, many churches in the United Methodist Church (in the US) are choosing to officiate and bless same-sex marriage despite denomination-wide restrictions.[18] In addition, in the United States, conservative Judaism, reform Judaism, and reconstructionist Judaism now welcome LGBT worshippers and perform same-sex weddings.
Country | Pollster | Year | For | Against | Don't Know/Neutral/No answer/Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 71%[19] | 24% | 6% |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 69%[19] | 22% | 9% |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 74%[19] | 17% | 9% |
![]() | CADEM | 2022 | 70%[20] | 28% | 2% |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 53%[19] | 40% | 7% |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 60%[19] | 34% | 6% |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 51%[19] | 42% | 7% |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 64%[19] | 26% | 10% |
![]() | Equipos Consultores | 2013 | 52%[21] | 39% | 9% |
![]() | Equilibrium Cende | 2023 | 48%[22] (55%) | 39% (45%) | 13% |
![]() Marriage Other type of partnership Country subject to IACHR ruling Unrecognized Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced | ![]() Same-sex marriage Other type of partnership Unregistered cohabitation Country subject to IACHR ruling No recognition of same-sex couples Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples Same-sex sexual activity illegal but law not enforced | ![]() Same-sex marriage Unregistered cohabitation Island subject to IACHR ruling No recognition of same-sex couples Constitutional ban on same-sex marriage Same-sex sexual activity illegal but penalties not enforced |
Legislation by country or territory
North America
[edit]LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Lack of a Presence of Anti-LGBT laws |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6][26] | ![]() Civil unions in Quebec (2002);[28] Adult interdependent relationships in Alberta (2003);[29] Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004)[30] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Autonomous Territory within the Kingdom of Denmark) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() joint adoption since 2016[43] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas collectivity of France) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() Civil unions in Vermont (2000), Connecticut (2005), New Jersey (2007), New Hampshire (2008), Illinois (2011), Rhode Island (2011), Delaware (2012), Hawaii (2012) and Colorado (2013). | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() Transgender people have been allowed to serve openly since 2021.[61] "Transvestites" are currently banned from the military since 2012.[62] Most openly Intersex people may be banned from the military under the Armed Forces ban of "hermaphrodites".[62] | ![]() ![]() More extensive protections exist in 23 states, DC, and some municipalities. Conversion therapy for minors is banned in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities. Sexual orientation is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009. | ![]() ![]() Nonbinary gender markers are available, under varying circumstances, in 25 states + DC. Employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity is prohibited nationwide since 2020. More extensive protections exist in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities. Gender identity is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009. | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Central America
[edit]LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Lack of a Presence of Anti-LGBT laws |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Has no military | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Has no military | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() |
Caribbean
[edit]LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Lack of a Presence of Anti-LGBT laws |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) | ![]() Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() Civil Unions proposed.[91] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (a special municipality of the Netherlands) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) | ![]() Age of consent discrepancy[6] + UN decl. sign. | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Has no military | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() Penalty: 10-year prison sentence (not enforced). [108] Legalization proposed[109] ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Has no military | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas department of France) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Has no military | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() Penalty: 10 years and/or hard labor (Not enforced). Legalization proposed[110] ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas department of France) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Commonwealth of the United States) | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (a special municipality of the Netherlands) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas collectivity of France) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced). Legalization proposed[116] ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Has no military | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas collectivity of France) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[6] Legalization proposed[117] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | Has no military | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (a special municipality of the Netherlands) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) | ![]() Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Territory of the United States) | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
South America
[edit]LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Lack of a Presence of Anti-LGBT laws |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015[124] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() pending nationwide. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010 | ![]() Transgender persons have a law reserving 1% of Argentina's public sector jobs. Economic incentives included in the new law aim to help trans people find work in all sectors. [129] | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999[146][147] | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021 | ![]() Transgender persons can change their registral sex and name, no surgeries or judicial order for adults above 18 years old since 2019.[156] | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014 | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas department of France) | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[6] Legalization proposed[174] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2022 | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) | ![]() + UN decl. sign. | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() Age of consent discrepancy | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() + UN decl. sign.[6] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Public opinion
[edit]Same-sex marriage
[edit]Country | Pollster | Year | For | Against | Neutral[a] | Margin of error | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 12% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 70% | 16% [8% support some rights] | 14% not sure | ±3.5% | [201] |
![]() | 2021 | 46% | [202] | ||||
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2014 | 11% | - | - | [203] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2014 | 8% | - | - | [203] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 35% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 51% | 29% [15% support some rights] | 20% not sure | ±3.5% [b] | [201] |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 69% | 17% [7% support some rights] | 15% not sure | ±3.5% | [201] |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 65% | 24% [18% support some rights] | 12% | ±3.5% | [201] |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 49% | 33% [21% support some rights] | 18% | [201] | |
![]() | CIEP | 2018 | 35% | 64% | 1% | [204] | |
![]() | Gallup | 2019 | 63.1% | 36.9% | [205] | ||
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 10% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | CDN 37 | 2018 | 45% | 55% | - | [206] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2019 | 22.9% | 51.3% | 25.8% | [207] | |
![]() | Universidad Francisco Gavidia | 2021 | 82.5% | [208] | |||
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 12% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 23% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 21% | - | - | [203] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 5% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | CID Gallup | 2018 | 17% | 75% | 8% | [209] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 16% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 58% | 28% [17% support some rights] | 14% not sure | ±4.8% [b] | [201] |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 25% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 22% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 26% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | Ipsos | 2023 | 41% | 40% [24% support some rights] | 19% | ±3.5% [b] | [201] |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 9% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 11% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2017 | 4% | - | - | [200] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2014 | 18% | - | - | [203] | |
![]() | AmericasBarometer | 2014 | 16% | - | - | [203] | |
![]() | Marquette | 2022 | 72% | 28% | – | [210] | |
Selzer | 2022 | 74% (83%) | 13% (17%) | 13% not sure | [211][212] | ||
Quinnipiac | 2022 | 68% (77%) | 22% (23%) | 10% | [213] | ||
Ipsos | 2023 | 54% | 31% [14% support some rights] | 15% not sure | ±3.5% | [201] | |
![]() | Equipos Consultores | 2019 | 59% | 28% | 13% | [214] | |
![]() | Equilibrium Cende | 2023 | 55% (63%) | 32% (37%) | 13% | [215] |
Country | Pollster | Year | For | Against | Neutral[a] | Margin of error | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 35.9% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 30.7% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 42.1% | - | [216] | |
![]() | OUTBermuda | 2020 | 53% | 35% | 11% | [217] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 56.1% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 58.7% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 36.4% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 46.8% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 39.2% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 38.8% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 38.7% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 54% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 41.7% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 34.2% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 28.6% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 46% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 38.5% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 38.8% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 44.4% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 52.2% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 37.1% | - | [216] | |
![]() | Pew Research Center | 2014 | 33% | 55% | 12% | [218] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 32.4% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 37.9% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 38.6% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 37.7% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 31.4% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 33.8% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 56.5% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 44.4% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 43.9% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 54.3% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 43% | - | [216] | |
![]() | INEGI | 2017 | - | 37.4% | - | [216] |
See also
[edit]- LGBT rights in Africa
- LGBT rights in Asia
- LGBT rights in Europe
- LGBT rights in Oceania
- Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas
- Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States
- Travesti (gender identity)
- Decriminalization of homosexuality in Ecuador
- Timeline of LGBT history in Ecuador
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Malta, Monica; Cardoso, Reynaldo; Montenegro, Luiz; De Jesus, Jaqueline Gomes; Seixas, Michele; Benevides, Bruna; Das Dores Silva, Maria; Legrand, Sara; Whetten, Kathryn (6 November 2019). "Sexual and gender minorities rights in Latin America and the Caribbean: a multi-country evaluation" (PDF). Monica Malta. 19 (1): 31. doi:10.1186/s12914-019-0217-3. PMC 6836409. PMID 31694637. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ Vallecillo, Luis (21 January 2022). "Corte Suprema de Justicia de Honduras impide que personas LGBTQ puedan casarse y tengan derechos civiles". The Washington Blade (in Spanish).
- ^ "La sentencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Panamá sobre matrimonio igualitario: un desacierto interpretativo - Agenda Estado de Derecho" (in Spanish). 24 May 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
- ^ de 2022, Por Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg15 de Junio. "Por qué la más reciente decisión en Perú contra el matrimonio igualitario es un despropósito legal". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "LGBTQIA-gemeenschap krijgt bittere pil te slikken" [LGBTQIA community has a bitter pill to swallow]. de Ware Tijd (in Dutch). 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ "Holy Synod - Encyclicals - Synodal Affirmations on Marriage, Family, Sexuality, and the Sanctity of Life". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "The Christian Life - Christian Conduct". Free Methodist Church. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "British Methodists reject blessing of same-sex relationships". The United Methodist Church. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
- ^ "Summaries of General Synod Discussions and Actions on Homosexuality and the Rights of Homosexuals". Reformed Church in America. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
- ^ "We Are American Baptists". American Baptist Churches USA. Archived from the original on 2 September 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
- ^ "Southern Baptist Convention". Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "Statement on Homosexuality". Fellowship Alliance Church. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "EPC". Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "Homosexuality" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2011.
- ^ "Homosexuality—How Can I Avoid It?". Awake!: 28–30. February 2007.
- ^ "Interview With Elder Dallin H. Oaks and Elder Lance B. Wickman: "Same-Gender Attraction"". mormonnewsroom.org. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "Reconciling Ministries Network". Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g "LGBT+ Pride 2023 Global Survey" (PDF). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Estudio 456 Encuesta Plaza Pública Primera Semana de Octubre" (PDF). cadem.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
- ^ "Actitudes y creencias de la población uruguaya hacia la población Trans, hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, y personas que viven con VIH" (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ Crónica Uno, Encuesta refleja que mayoría de venezolanos apoya igualdad de derechos para la población LGBTIQ, 2 March, 2023
- ^ Simpson, Lisa (28 February 2018). "House: Three more months of same-sex marriage". The Royal Gazette. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
- ^ "2014: No. 308" (PDF). Supreme Court of Bermuda. 3 February 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ Johnson, Ayo (15 June 2013). "MPs approve historic Human Rights Act changes". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
- ^ "Criminal Code (R.S., 1985, c. C-46), Section 159, Subsection (1)". Department of Justice Canada \access-date=May 15, 2024. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011.
- ^ Anonymous (27 November 2017). "Law Reform (2000) Act".
- ^ "An Act instituting civil unions and establishing new rules of filiation" (PDF). National Assembly. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "Alberta: Adult Interdependent Relationships". Legal Resource Center of Alberta. 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
- ^