List of Bantu languages

Bantu
Narrow Bantu
Geographic
distribution
Africa, from approximately the equator south
Linguistic classificationNiger–Congo?
Subdivisions
  • Zones A–S (geographic)
Language codes
Glottolognarr1281
The approximate locations of the sixteen Guthrie Bantu zones, including the addition of a zone J

Following is a list of Bantu languages as interpreted by Harald Hammarström, and following the Guthrie classification.[1]

Group Guthrie code ISO code Languages References
A10: Lundu-Balong group A11 bdu Batanga (Lotanga, Dotanga, A113), Bima (A112), Koko (Lokoko), Londo ba Diko (A115), Londo (Murundo), Balondo Ba Nanga), Longolo (Ngolo, A111), Lundu, Oroko (A101), Oroko-East, Oroko-West Kuperus 1985: 17-18
A10: Lundu-Balong group A12 bdu Lolue (Barue, Babue, Lue, Balue), Bakundu (A122, Lokundu, Bekunde, Kundu, Nkundu, Lakundu), Western Kundu, Bakundu-Balue, Ekombe (Bekombo, Ekumbe), Mbonge (A121, Mbε) Atta Ebongkome 1993
A10: Lundu-Balong group A13 bwt “Bafaw” (A141, Bafo, Lefo,’Afo), Bafaw-Balong, Balúun, Balong, Ngoe Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group A14 bvg Bongken (Bonkeng, Bonkeng-Pendia, Bonkenge) Hedinger 1987: 132-164
A10: Lundu-Balong group A15A mbo Mbo of Ekanang-Mbouroukou (A15, Mbo of Ekanang-Mbouroukou), Mbo of Mboebo-Kekem (Mbo of Mboébo-Kekem), Mbo of Ngwatta, Mbo, Mbo’o (Mboo), Nlaa Mboo, Nle Mbuu, Melon (Melong, Eho Mbo), Sambo, Santchou, North Eastern Manenguba Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group A15B bsi Mienge (A15, Lower Mbo), Asobse, Bassossi (Nsose, Nswose, Nswase, Swose, Sosi), North-western Manenguba Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group A15C bqz Babong (Ihobe Mbog, Ihobe Mboong), Bafun (Mbwase Nghuy, Miamilo, Pendia), Bakaka (Ehob Mkaa, Mkaa,’ Kaa, Kaka), Balondo (Ehobe Belon), Baneka (Mwaneka), Manehas (Mvae, Mwahed, Mwahet), Ngoten, Eastern Central Manenguba Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group A15 bss Akoose (Akosi, Bakossi, Bekoose, Koose, Kosi, Nkoosi, Nkosi), Elung (Along, Elong, Nlong), Mwambong, Mwamenam (Mouamenam), Ninong (Nninong), Northern Bakossi, Southern Bakossi, Western Bakossi, Nhalemoe, Western Central Manenguba Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group A151 nkc Kinkwa, Nkongho (Lekongo) Hedinger 1987
A20: Duala group A21 bqm Bamboko (Bambuku, Mboko, Womboko, Wumboko) Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group A22 bri Bakpwe (Kpe, Mokpe, Mopkwe), Bakueri (Vakweli, Bakwedi, Bakwele, Bakweri, Bakwiri, Bekwiri, Kwedi, Kweli, Kwili, Kwiri), Ujuwa, Vambeng Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group A221 bbx Bobe (A221), Bubia (Bobea, Wovea, Wuvia) Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group A23 szv Isu (Isu of Fako Division, Isubu, Isuwu, Su, Subu), Bimbia Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group A231 kme Kole (Bakole, Bakolle) Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group A24 dua Duala (Diwala, Douala, Dualla, Dwala, Dwela), Mongo (A261, Mungo, Mungu, Muungo), Pongo (A26) Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group A25 - Ewodi (Oli, Wuri, Ouri, Wuri, Uli, Wouri), Bodiman (Bidiman, Budiman) Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group A27 mzd Malimba (Lemba, Limba, Mudima, Mulimba) Lamberty 2009
A30: Bubi-Benga group A31 bvb Bobe (Boobe, Boombe, Bube, Bubi), Adeeyah (Adija, Ediya), Banapa (Banapá), Banni, North Bobe, Southeast Bobe, Southwest Bobe, Ureka Tessmann 1923
A30: Bubi-Benga group A32 bnm Batanga (Batanga at Fifinda, Tanga, A32C), Balangi of Great Batanga, Bano’o (Bano’o, Banoho, Banoo, Noho, Nohu, Noko, A32a, Noku), Bapoko (Bapuku, Bapuu, Poko, Puku, A32B) Ebobissé 2014
A30: Bubi-Benga group A33a yko Yasa (Iyasa, Iyassa, Lyaasa, Yassa) Ebobissé 2014
A30: Bubi-Benga group A33b nui Kombe (Combe, Kombe, Ngumbi) Fernandez Galilea 1951
A30: Bubi-Benga group A34 bng Benga, Boumba, Ndowe Idiata 2007; Salvadó y Cos 1891
A40 A41 bbi Balombi (Barombi, Barumbi, Lambi, Lombe, Lombi, Rambi, Rombi) Lamberty 2002
A40 A42 abb Abaw (Abo, Bo, Bon), Bankon (Bankong, Mankon) Lamberty 2002
A40 A43a bas Basa (Basaa, Bassa, Basso, Bisaa, Mbele (Mvele), Mbene, South Kogo (A43c) Bitjaa Kody 1988
A40 A43b bkh Bakoko (Kogo, A43c), Adie (Basoo Ba Die, Basoo D’edea, Elog Mpoo), Adiangok), Mbang (Dimbambang), Yabyang (Yabyang-Yapeke), Yakalak (Yakalag), Yapoma, Yassuku (Yasoukou, Yasuku, Yasug) Dodo-Bounguendza 1988
A40 A44 tvu Nen (Banen, Tunen), Aling’a (A441, Alinga, Tuling, Eling) Mous and Breedveld 1986
A40 A45 nvo Nyo’o (Nyõ’õ, Nyo’on, Nyokon, Njokon), Fung (Hung) Mous and Breedveld 1986
A40 A46 lem Lemande (Mande, Mandi, Nomaande, Noomaante, Numaand, Numand) Mous and Breedveld 1986
A40 A461 ttf Bonek (Ponek), Otomb (Tuotom, Tuotomb, Tuotomp) Mous and Breedveld 1986
A40 A462 yat Yambeta (Yambetta) Mous and Breedveld 1986
A50: Bafia group A501 hij Hijuk Bradley 1992a
A50: Bafia group A51 lfa Lefa’ (Fak, Lefa, Fa’), Balom Mbongue 1999
A50: Bafia group A52 dii Kaalong (Kalong, Lakaalong), Lambong (Mbong, Bumbong, Dimbong) Dieu and Renaud 1983
A50: Bafia group A53 ksf Kpa (Bekpak, Rikpa’), Bafia Guarisma 2000
A50: Bafia group A54 ngy Tibea, (Zangnte, Djanti, Njanti, Minjanti), Ngayaba Bradley 1992b
A60 A601 bag Tuki (Baki, Ki, Oki), Tiki, Bacenga (A601F, A64, Batchenga, Tocenga, Cenga), Mbere (A601G, Mvele, Tumbele, Bamvele, Bambele, Mbele), Ngoro (A601A, A61, Tu Ngoro), Aki, Uki, Cangu (A601B, Tucangu), Kombe (A601C, Wakombe, Tukombe, Bakombe), Tsinga (A601D, Tutsingo, Chinga, Betsinga, Betzinga, Tsingo, Batsingo), Tonjo (A601E, Bondjou, Bounjou, Bunju, Bounjou) Biloa 2013
A60 A62A yav Yangben, Central Yambassa, Kalong (Nukalonge) Paulian 1986
A60 A62B mmu Mmaala (Mmala, Numaala) Paulian 1986
A60 A62C ekm Elip (Belibi, Belip, Libie, Nulibie (A62C, Nulibié), Nulipie) Paulian 1986
A60 A621 baf Baca (Nu Baca, Nubaca), Southern Yambassa Paulian 1986
A60 A622 yas Gounou (Gunu, Nu Gunu, Nugunu), Gunu Nord, Gunu SudNugunu Paulian 1986
A60 A623 mlb Mbule (Dumbule, Mbola, Mbule of Cameroon, Mbure) Boone 1992
A60 A63 leo Leti (A63) Dieu and Renaud 1983; Biloa 2013: 37-38
A60 A65 btc Bati (Bati Ba Ngong, Bati de Brousse, Pati) Grant 1992
A70 A71 eto/mct Eton (Iton), Northern Eton (Iton Ekwe, Lower Eton), Southern Eton (Upper Eton, Iton Nke), Mengisa (Mengissa) van de Velde 2008; Geslin-Houdet 1984
A70 A72(a) ewo Ewondo (Ewundu), Badjia (A72c, Bakjo, Bakja), Bafeuk, Yesoum (Yezum, Yesum), Fok (Fök, Fong), Jaunde (Yaounde, Yaunde), Mvete (A72b, Mvele, Mwele), Mvog-Niengue, Omvang, Yabeka, Yabekanga, Yabekolo (Yebekolo), Yangafek (A72d), Evuzok, Bané Essono 2000
A70 A73a beb Bamvele (Bebele, Bembele), Eki, Manyok Djomeni 2014
A70 A73b bxp Gbigbil, Bobili Wega Simeu 2004b; Dugast 1949: 88-89
A70 A74 bum Bulu (A74a, Boulou, Bulu), Bene (A74b) Alexandre and Binet 1958
A70 A75 fan Fang (Fan), Pangwe, Pahouin, Atsi (Batsi, A75D), Make (Meke, A75C), Mveny (A75F), Ntum (Ntumu, A75A), Nzaman (Zaman, A75E), Okak (A75B), South-West Fang (A751) Alexandre and Binet 1958; Andeme Allogo 1985; Wilson 1849; Alexandre 1965
A80 A801 gyi Bagielli (Bagiele, Bagyele, Bagyeli, Bajele, Bajeli, Bogyel, Bogyeli, Bondjiel, Giele, Gieli, Gyele, Gyeli, Gélé), Bapindi, Bakola Rénaud 1976
A80 A802 ukh Ukhwejo (Ukwedjo) Thornell 2009
A80 A803 - Shiwa (Swa, Shiwe, Oshieba), “Fang Makina” Idiata 2007
A80 A81 nmg Kwasio, Mabea (Mabi, Magbea), Mvumbo, Ngoumba (Ngumba), Bujeba Echegaray 1960
A80 A82 sox So (Emvane So, Melan So, Shwo, Sô, Sso) Bradley and Bradley 1992
A80 A83 mcp Makaa (Mekaa), South Makaa (South Mekaa), Bebend (A83A, Bebent), Mbwaanz (A83B), (A831), Sekunda (A83C, Shekunda, Shikunda Cheucle 2014
A80 A831 mkk Byep, North Makaa, Maka (Makya, Meka, Mekae, Mekay, Mekey, Mekye, Mika, Moka) Etter 1988
A80 A832 biw Kol (Bekol, Bikele, Bikele-Bikay, Bikele-Bikeng, Bikeng, Bokol), Kol North, Kol South Henson 2007
A80 A84 njy Njyem (Djem, Dzem, Ndjem, Ndjeme, Ndzem, Ngyeme, Njem, Njeme, Nyem) Cheucle 2014
A80 A842 ozm Koonzime (Koozhime, Koozime, Nzime, Zimu, Djimu, Dzimou, Kooncimo), Badwe’e (A841, Bajwe’e, Badjoue, Bajue, Badwe’e) Cheucle 2014
A80 A85 bkw Bekwel (A85b, Bakouli, Bakwel, Bakwele, Bakwil, Bekwil), Konabem (A85a, Nkumabem, Nkonabeeb, Konabem, Kunabeeb, Konabembe, Kunabembe) Beavon and Johnson 2011
A80 A86b mgg Mpompon (Mpongmpong, Mpopo, Mpumpoo, Pongpong, Bombo, Mbombo, Mpompo), Bageto (Northern Bangantu, Baagato, Bangantu), Medjime (A86a, Menzime, Mendzime, Medzime, Mezime), Mpomam (Boman, Mboman) Johnson and Beavon 1989
A80 A86c mcx Mpiemo (Bimu, Mbimou, Mbimu, Mbyemo, Mpyemo), Bidjuki (Bidjouki) Thornell 2004
A80 A87 bmw Bomali (Bomwali, Boumali, Boumoali, Bumali), Lino, Sangasanga (Sangha-Sangha, Sanghasangha) Bruel 1911
A80 - - Klieman 1997 Köhler 1964
A90: Kaka group A91 kwu Abakoum (Abakum, Akpwakum, Bakum, Kpakum, Kum/Bakum, Kwakum, Pakum), Til, Bheten, Baki Belliard 2007
A90: Kaka group A92 pmm Pol (A92a, Polri, Pori), Kinda Pol, Asum Pol, Pomo (A92b), Boungondjo, Kweso (A92C) Ballif 1977; Wega Simeu 2012
A90: Kaka group A93 kkj Kako (Bokaka, Kaka, Kaka-Kadei, Mkako), Kako du Gabon Medjo Mvé 2009
B10: Myene group B11 mye Myene (Omyene), Adjumba (B11d, Ajumba, Adyumba, Dyumba),Enenga (B11F), Galwa (B11c, Galua, Galloa, Galoa), Mpongwe(Npongué, Mpongwé, Npongwe, Pongoué, B11a, Mpongoué,Mpungwe), Nkomi (N’komi, B11e), Orungu (B11b, Rungu, Rongo) Jacquot 1983
B20: Kele group B201 nda Ndasa (Ndasha, Andasa, Undaza) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B202 sxe Sighu (Sigu, Lesighu, Lisighu, Lisiwu) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B203 syx Osamayi (Sama, Samay, Samaye, Shamay, Shamaye, Shamayi) Matimi 1998; Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B204 nxo Ndambomo (Ndambono) Mvé 2013
B20: Kele group B21 syi Seki (Baseque, Seke, Seki-ani, Baseke, Sekiana, Sekiani, Sekiyani, Sekyani, Seseki, Sheke, Shekiyana), Bulu Alewijnse et al. 2007; Echegaray 1959a; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B211 bxc Molengue (Alengue, Alengué, Balengue) Alengue (Alengué), Balengue, Molendji, Molengue Echegaray 1959b; de Granda Gutiérrez 1984
B20: Kele group B22a keb Kele (Akele, Kélé, Dikele, Kili), Metombolo (B205, Metombola), Western Kele Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B22b nra Angom (Ngom, Ongom, Ungom, Ngomo, Bangom, Bangomo), Bakoya variant of Bungom Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Medjo Mvé no date; Medjo Mvé 2011
B20: Kele group B22c see B305
B20: Kele group B22D - Tombidi (Muntumbudie, Ntumbidi, Tumbidi) Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007
B20: Kele group B22E - Mwesa (Mesa, Yesa) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B23 zmn Mbangwe, Mbaouin (M’Bahouin) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B24 wum Wumbu (Wumbvu, Wumvu) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B25 koq Kota (Ikota, Ikuta, Kotu) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B251 sak Asake (Sake, Shake) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group B252 mhb Mahongwe Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B30: Tsogo group B301 gev Viya (Avija, Evia, Eviya, Gevia, Geviya, Ia (γe-βia), Ivea, Ivéa) Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007
B30: Tsogo group B302 sbw Simba (E-Himba, γe-himba, Gehimba, Ghehimba, Ghehimbaka, Himba, Himbaka) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; 2007
B30: Tsogo group B304 pic Pinzi (Apindje, Apindji, Apindzi, Apingi, Apinji, E-Pinzi (γe-pinzi), Gapinji, Ghepinzi, Pindji, Pinji) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B30: Tsogo group B305 buw Vove (B22C, Mpovi, Ge-Vove, Gevove, Ghevove, Pove), “Bubi” (Bhubhi, Ibhubhi, Ibubi, Pubi) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B30: Tsogo group B31 tsv Tsogo (Getsogo, Ghetsogo, Itsogho, Mitsogo, γe-tsγ), Babongo-Tsogo (B303, Ebongwe, Bongwe of Raponda-Walker, Ebongo) Idiata 2007; Raponda Walker 1937
B30: Tsogo group B32 kbs Kande (Kanda, O-Kande, Okande) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B40: Shira-Punu group B401 bwz Bwisi (I-Bwisi, Ibwiisi, Ibwisi, Mbwisi) Jacquot 1978; Bastin et al. 1999; Yenguitta 1991
B40: Shira-Punu group B402 bbg Barama (γi-βarama, Bavarama, Ghibarama, Gibarama, Givarama, Varama), Bwali (B411) Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007; Bastin et al. 1999
B40: Shira-Punu group B403 vum Vungu (Givoungou, Vumbu, Vungu, Givungu), Yivoumbou Idiata 2007
B40: Shira-Punu group B404 - Ngubi (Ngove) Idiata 2007; Puèch 1988; Aleko and Puèch 1988; Agadji Ayele 2002: 79-83
B40: Shira-Punu group B41 swj Shira (Eshira, Ashira, Gisir, Gisira, Ichira, Ishira, Isira, Shire, Sira, Yichira) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B40: Shira-Punu group B42 snq Sangu (Ashango, Chango, I-Sangu, Isangu, Massangu, Shango, Yisangou, Yisangu), Babongo-Sangu Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Bonhomme et al. 2012
B40: Shira-Punu group B43 puu Punu (Ipunu, Pouno, Pounou, Puno, Punu, Yipounou, Yipunu), Babongo-Rimba Alewijnse et al. 2007; Andersson 1983; Idiata 2007
B40: Shira-Punu group B44 lup Lumbu (Baloumbou, Ilumbu, Lumbu, Yilumbu), Igama Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Klieman 2003
B50: Nzebi group B501 wdd Wanzi (Bawandji, Liwanzi, Wandji) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B50: Nzebi group B503 - Vili (Ivili, Bavili de la Ngouié) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B50: Nzebi group B51 dma Duma (Adouma, Aduma, Liduma, Badouma, Douma) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B50: Nzebi group B52 nzb Njebi (Injebi, Inzebi, Bandzabi, Ndjabi, Ndjevi, Njabi, Njavi, Nzebi, Yinjebi, Yinzebi), Ibongo-Nzebi, Yangho (B603) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Mouele 1997; Klieman 2003; Idiata 2007
B50: Nzebi group B53 tsa Tsaangi (Icaangi, Itsangi, Itsengi, Tcengui, Tchangui, Tsaangi, Tseengi, Tsengi), Mwele (B502) Idiata 2007; Mouele 1997
B60: Mbete group B602 kzo Bakanike (Bakaningi, Likaningi, Kaningi, Lekaningi) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B60: Mbete group B61 mdt Mbete (Limbede, Mbede, Mbédé, Mbere, Mbété), Nkomo-Kelle, Nkomo-Ololi, Obaa, Oyuomi Mbama, Oyuomi Tcherre, Yaba-Mbeti Idiata 2007; Lane 1989
B60: Mbete group B62 mbm Mbaama (B601, Obamba, Ombamba, Lembaama, Lembaamba, Lim-Bamba, M-Bamba, Mbama, Mbamba), Liweme, Sibiti, Mpini, Ndouba, Obeli, Oyabi Idiata 2007; Lane 1989
B60: Mbete group B63 nmd Dumu (Ondoumbo, Ondumbo, Lindumu, Mindoumou, Mindumbu, Minduumo, Lendumu, Ndumu, Ndumbo, Ndumbu, Ndumu, Nduumo, Bandoumou, Doumbou, Dumbu), Epigi, Kanandjoho, Kuya, Nyani (Nyangi) Idiata 2007; Lane 1989
B70: Teke group B701 tck Tsitsege (Latsitsege, Lintsitsege, Tchitchege) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B70: Teke group B71 teg Teghe (Tege, Iteghe, Latege) Keteghe (Kali, B71A, Ketego), Katege (B71B, Kateghe, Njining’i, Nzikini), Teke of Gabon, Teke of the Upper Alima Adam 1954
B70: Teke group B72 ngz Northeastern Teke, Engungwel (B72a, Ngungwel, Ngangoulou, Ngangulu, Ngungulu), Mpu (Mpumpum), Mpumpu, B72b) Rurangwa 1982; Bouka 1989b
B70: Teke group B73a tyi Tsaayi (Caayi, Getsaayi, Tsaya, Tsaye, Tsayi) Jacquot 1978
B70: Teke group B73b lli Laali (Gibongo-Ilaali, Ilaali) Klieman 1997; Bouka 1989b
B70: Teke group B73c iyx Yaa (Bayaka, Iyaka, Yaka, Ibongo-Iyaa) Mouandza (2002) Klieman 1997; Bouka 1989b
B70: Teke group B73d tyx Tyee (Tye, Tee, Teke-Tyee), Kwe Bouka 1989b; Nkara 2007
B70: Teke group B74 ebo/nzu Central Teke, Teke-Eboo (B74b, Boma, Babuma, Bamboma, Boo, Boõ, Eboom, Iboo), Nzikou (B74a, Ndzindziu, Njiunjiu, Njyunjyu, Nzinzu, Enjyunjyu) Raharimanantsoa 2012; Nsuka Nkutsi 1990
B70: Teke group B75–6 tek Bali (Ambali, Ibali Teke, Ibali), Kiteke (B76, East Teke, Mosieno, Ng’ee, Bamfunuka), Nunu (B822, B80Nu) Sims 1886: i-xii Bastin 1978; Boone 1973: 295-306; Bastin et al. 1999
B70: Teke group B77a kkw Kukuya (Chikuya, Cikuya, Kikuwa, Koukouya, Kukua, Kukuya, Kukwa) Paulian 1975
B70: Teke group B77b ifm Fumu (Fuumu, Mfumu, Ifuumu, Teke du Pool), Wuumo (B78, Ewuumo, Wũ, Mpuon (Mpuono, B84A), Mpuun (B84B) Calloc’h 1911; Jacquot 1965; Makouta-Mboukou 1977; Bastin et al. 1999: 13; 183; 193; 202
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B81 tii Tiene (Kitiene, Kitiini, Tende, Tiene), Nunu (C31C, Banunu, Kenunu) Motingea Mangulu 2004; Ellington 1977; Hulstaert 1951: 32-33
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B82 boh Boma (Kiboma, Boma Kasai, Buma) Hochegger 1972
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B821 - Mpe (Kempee) Detienne 1984; Bastin et al. 1999: 202
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B83 zmf Mfinu (Funika, Emfinu, Mfununga), Ntsiam, Ntswar Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B84 see B77b
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B85 yns Yans (Yanzi), West Yansi (B85a, Mbien), East Yans (B85b), Yeei (B85c) Mayanga 1985: 1-22; Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B85d soo Nsong (Tsong), Mpiin (B863) Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B864 noq Ngongo (Ngong, Ngoongo) Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1907
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B85F (= L12a) smx Ntsambaan (Sambaan) Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973; Maes 1934
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B86 diz Dzing (Di, Din, Ding, Dinga), Mpur (B85e, Mput) Boone 1973; Muluwa and Bostoen 2015; Mertens 1939
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B861 nlo Ngul (Banguli, Ingul, Ngoli, Ngul, Nguli, Ngulu), Ngwi Maes 1934; Boone 1973; Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B862 - Lwel (Balori) Khang Levy 1979; Maes 1934; Koni Muluwa and Bostoen 2011
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B865 - Nzadi (Bandjari) Maes 1934; Crane et al. 2011; Boone 1973
B80: Tiene-Yanzi B87 zmp Mbuun (Mbunda, Kimbuun, Gimbunda, Ambuun) Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973
C10 C101 bvx Babole (Dibole), Dzeke, Ebambe, Edzama, Kinami, Mossengue, Mounda Gardner 1990; Leitch 2004
C10 C102 ngd Ngando (Bagandou, Bangandou, Dingando, Mouna-Bagandou) Bodzanga, Dikota (C103, Kota), Dikuta, Ngando-Kota, Bodzanga Périquet 1915; Bouquiaux and Thomas 1994; Guillaume and Delobeau 1978
C10 C104 axk Aka (Yaka, Aka de la Lobaye), Benzele (Bendjelle, Mbenzele), ‘Babinga’ Bruel 1911; Bahuchet 1989
C10 C105 - Mikaya, Bambengangale, Baluma Klieman 1997; Thomas and Bahuchet 1991
C10 C11 ndn Goundi (Gundi, Ingundi, Ngondi, Ngundi) Ouzilleau 1911; Périquet 1915
C10 C12 bkj Pande (C12a, Ipande), Bukongo (C12b, Bogongo, Gongo) Ouzilleau 1911; Bruel 1911; Périquet 1915; Hauser 1954
C10 C13 mdn Mbati, Isongo (Issongo, Lisongo, Lissongo) Guillaume and Delobeau 1978; Mbalanga 1996; Bouquiaux and Thomas 1994
C10 C14 zmx Bomitaba (Mbomotaba), Itanga Gardner 1990
C10 C143 bok Bonjo (Mbonzo), Impfondo (C143) Gardner 1990; Samarin 1984; Hauser 1954
C10 C15 bui Bongili ([E18], Bongili-Pikounda, Bongiri, Bungili, Bungiri), Inyele (C141), Bondongo (C142) Motingea Mangulu 2008; Gardner 1990; Hauser 1954
C10 C16 loq Lobala, Likoka, Tanda Gardner 1990; Hauser 1954
C10 C16 bkp Boko (Iboko) Motingea Mangulu 1996
C10 C161 bml Bomboli de Boeck 1948
C10 C162 bzo Bozaba (Budjaba, Budzaba, Buzaba) de Boeck 1948
C20: Mboshi C21 (= C23) mdu Mboko (Mboxo, Mbuku), Ngare (Ngáre) Ndinga Oba 2003
C20: Mboshi C22 akw Akwa (Akwá) Ndinga Oba 2003; Aksenova and Toporova 2002
C20: Mboshi C24 koh Koyo (Ekoyo, Kouyou, Koyó) Ndinga Oba 2003; Poupon 1919
C20: Mboshi C25 mdw Mbosi (C25A, Embosi, Mbochi, Mboshi, Mboshe, Mbonzi), Olee (C25B), Ondinga (C25C), Ngolo (C25D), Eboi (C25E) Fontaney 1989: 87-89; Ndinga Oba 2003
C20: Mboshi C26 kwc Kouala (Likouala, Ekwala, Kwala, Likwala, Likwála) Ndinga Oba 2003
C20: Mboshi C27 kxx Kuba (Likuba), Bwenyi (C201, Buegni) Ndinga Oba 2003; Adoua 1981
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C302 bzm Bolondo de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 2002: 149-150
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C31a biz Loi (Baloi, Boloi), Makutu, Likila, Mampoko, Mpundza (C36c, Mbudza, Mpundza) de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C311 mmz Mabale (Mabaale, Lomabaale), Mabembe Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C312 ndw Ndobo (Ndoobo) Motingea Mangulu 1990a; de Boeck 1948
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C313 - Litoka Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C314 lie Balobo de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C32 bni Bangi (Bobangi, Bubangi, Lobobangi) Whitehead 1899
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C32 (= C38) mow Moi (Lemoi, Moyi, Moye), Liku, Rebu Motingea Mangulu and Biako Montanga Mayika 2016
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C321 liz Binza (Libindja, Libinja, Libinza]) van Leynseele 1977; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C322 - Zamba (C322, Dzamba, Jamba) de Boeck 1948; Kamanda Kola 1991
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C323 - Mpama Motingea Mangulu 1996; Hulstaert 1984
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C33 szg Sengele (Kesengele, Sengere) Hulstaert 1951; Motingea Mangulu 2001
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C34 skt Sakata (C34A), Djia (C34B, Dja, Dia, Kidjia, Wadia), Bai (C34C, Kibay, Kibai), Tuku-Ketu-Batow (C34D) Tylleskär 1987
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C35a nto Ntomba (Lontomba, Luntumba, Ntumba), Sakani (C35C, Lotsakani, Sakanyi) Mamet 1955; Hulstaert 1993
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C35b bli Bolia (Bulia) Mamet 1960
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C36 lse Lusengo (Losengo), Poto (C36a, Pfoto, Yakata), Mpesa (C36b, Limpesa), Kangana (C36f), Enga (C315, Baenga, Bolombo), Eleku Motingea Mangulu 2008; Motingea Mangulu 1993a; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C36e bkt Boloki (Baloki, Boleki, Buluki), Ngala (C36d, Mangala) Motingea Mangulu 2002; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C36g ndl Ndolo (Ndoolo), Kula (C415, Likula) de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C37 bja Budja (Buja, Ebudja, Budza, Ebuja, Embudja, Embuja, Limbudza, Mbudja, Mbuza), Bosambi, Mbila, Monzamboli, Yaliambi Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C371 tmv Tembo (Motembo, Litembo) de la Mongala, Motembo des grandes îles du Fleuve, Motembo septentrional (C374, Buja, Babale de Bosô-Njanoa), Kunda (C372, Motembo de Budzala, Motembo de la rivière Mbanga) Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba C373 - Egbuta Motingea Mangulu 2003
C40: Ngombe group C401 pae Pagibete (Apagibete, Apagibeti, Apakabeti, Apakibeti, Pagabete) Boone and Olson 2004; Reeder 1998
C40: Ngombe group C403 kty Kango (Bacango, Kango of Bas-Uélé District, Likango) McMaster 1988; de Calonne-Beaufaict 1912
C40: Ngombe group C41 ngc Ngombe (Lingombe), Ngombe of the Congo river (C41A), Ngombe at Bosobolo (C41B, North Ngombe), Ngombe at Libenge (C41C, North-West Ngombe), Binza (C41D, East Ngombe) Motingea Mangulu 1988; Motingea Mangulu 1996; de Rop 1960; Burssens 1958: 32-36
C40: Ngombe group C411 bws Bomboma, Bangiri, Likaw (Likao), Lingundu (Lingonda), Ebuku de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C40: Ngombe group C412 bmg Bamwe, Libobi, Lifonga, Likata de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C40: Ngombe group C413 dzn Dzando (Djando), Ngiri (C31b) Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 73-74; de Boeck 1948
C40: Ngombe group C414 lgz Gendja (Gendza-Bali, Ligendza, Ligenza) Motingea Mangulu 2001; Vanhouteghem 1947
C40: Ngombe group C42 bwl Bwela (Buela, Ebwela), Doko around Lisala (C301), Lingi Motingea Mangulu 1996
C40: Ngombe group C44 bww Bwa (Boa, Boua, Bobwa, Kibua, Kibwa, Leboale, Libua, Libwali), Yewu (C402), Leangba, Baati (C43A, Bati, Lebaati), Benge (C43B, Libenge, Mobenge), Boganga (C43C, Boyanga), Ligbe (C43D) Boone and Olson 2004; Motingea Mangulu 2005; Czekanowski 1924; Halkin and Viaene 1911; McMaster 1988; Bostoen and Grégoire 2007
C40: Ngombe group C441 bbm Bango (Babango, Mobango, Southwest Bwa Motingea Mangulu 1995; Motingea Mangulu 1995: 5
C40: Ngombe group C45 agh Ngelima (Kingbelima, Bangalema, Bangelima),Beo (C45A, Lebeo), Buru (C45B), Tungu (C45C) Gérard 1924
C50: Soko-Kele group C502 - Elinga (Loselinga) Motingea Mangulu 1994a
C50: Soko-Kele group C51 zms Mbesa ([E18], Mobesa, Mombesa) Hulstaert 1951; de Boeck 1951
C50: Soko-Kele group C52 soc So (Basoko, Eso, Gesogo, Heso, Soa, Losoko) Czekanowski 1924; Harries 1955; Bastin et al. 1999: 208
C50: Soko-Kele group C53 pof Poke (Pfoke, Poke, Puki, Tofoke, Topoke, Tovoke) Torday and Joyce 1922; Bastin et al. 1999: 208
C50: Soko-Kele group C54 loo Lombo (Olombo, Tu-Rumbu, Turumbu, Ulumbu) Carrington 1947
C50: Soko-Kele group C55 khy/fom Kele (Ekele, Lokele, Kili, Likelo, Lokele), Yakusu, Foma (C56, Fuma, Li-Foma, Lofoma)11 Likile (C501) Carrington 1943; Bastin et al. 1999: 208
C60: Mongo-Nkundo C61 lol/ymg Mongo (Lomongo, Bololo, Lolo), Nkundo (Lonkundo, Lokonda, Nkundu, Nkundo-Twa), Bakutu (C61A), Bokote (C61B, Bokote Tswa, Ngata, Wangata), Booli (C61C), Bosaka (C61D, Bolandá), Konda (C61E, Ekonda, Ekonda-Bosanga, Ekonda-Twa), Ekota (C61F), Emoma (C61G), Ikongo (C61H, Lokalo-Lomela), Iyembe (C61I, Iyembe de la Lokolo), Ntomba (C61J, Lionje, Nsongo, Bikoro), Yamongo (C61K), Mbole (C61L, Nkengo, Yenge, Yongo, Bosanga-Mbole, Mangilongo, Lwankamba, Lonkembe, Liinja), Nkole (C61M), South Mongo (C61N, Belo, Bolongo, Acitu, Panga), Yailima (C61O, Yalima, Yajima), Ngombe-Lomela (C61P, Longombe, Ngome à Múná), Kitwa-Inongo, Ndombe Tswa, Nkundo Batswa, Twa of Ekonda, Mpombo (C351, Mpombo), Yamongeri (C36H)13 Engels (1911), Hiernaux et al. (1976), Hulstaert (1948), Hulstaert (1999), Motingea Mangulu (1994b), Müller (1964), Nsenga Diatwa (2009)
C60: Mongo-Nkundo C611 - Bafotó, Batswa de l’Equateur Hulstaert 1978
C60: Mongo-Nkundo C63 nxd/lal Bongando (Longandu, Ngando, Ngandu), Lalia (C62) Hulstaert 1987
C60: Mongo-Nkundo C70 lal
C50: Soko-Kele group C71 hba Hamba Kasongo 1993; Labaere and Shango 1989
C50: Soko-Kele group C71 tll Tetela (Otetela, Batetela), Batetela du Nord, Otetela-Olembe, Sungu Batetela Labaere and Shango 1989; Jacobs 1964: 9-12
C50: Soko-Kele group C72 ksv Kusu (Bakusu, Kikusu), Kusu of Kimbombo Motingea Mangulu 1989; Jacobs 1964: 9-12
C50: Soko-Kele group C73 nkw Nkutu (Ankfucu, Bankutu, Nkuchu, Nkutshu, Lonkutshu, Lonkucu) Jacobs and Omeonga 2004; Hulstaert 1951: 23; Motingea Mangulu 1989
C50: Soko-Kele group C74/C75 yel/kel Yela (C74, Boyela), Kela (C75) Hulstaert 1942; 1999
C50: Soko-Kele group C76 oml Ombo (Hombo, Loombo) Meeussen 1952
C50: Soko-Kele group C80 oml
C50: Soko-Kele group C81 dez Dengese (Ndengese, Londengese), Nkutu Hulstaert 1951; Goemaere 1984
C50: Soko-Kele group C82 soe Hendo (Ohendo, Lohendo, Ohendo), “Songomeno,” Hendo Hulstaert 1951; Motingea Mangulu 1990b
C50: Soko-Kele group C83 buf Bushoong (Bushong, Bushongo, Busoong), Bakuba (Kuba, Bacuba), Batwa du Kasayi, Cwa du royaume Kuba), Ngeende (C83A, Ngende, Ngendi), Ngongo (C83B), Pyaang (C83C, Pianga, Piong, Panga), Shuwa (C83D, Shobwa, Shoba, Loshoobo) Hiernaux 1966; Vansina 1959: 5
C50: Soko-Kele group C84 lel Lele (Bashilele, Usilele) Douglas 1963; Maes 1934; Boone 1973
C50: Soko-Kele group C85 won Wongo (Bawongo), Gongo (Bakong, Tukkongo, Tukongo, Tukungo) Maes 1934; Boone 1973
D10 D11 mdq Mbole (Lombole, Mbole of the Lomami), Yaikole, Yaisu, Yangonda, Lokaló de la haute Jwafa, Langa (C701) Motingea Mangulu 1993b; de Rop 1971; Hulstaert 1988
D10 D12 lej Lengola (Kilengola, Lengora) Stappers 1971
D10 D13 zmq Mituku (Metoko, Kinya-Mituku) Stappers 1973; McMaster 1988
D10 D14 gey Enya (Genya, Tsheenya, Wagenya), Baena, Enya at Kisangani (D14A), Enya at Kongolo (D14B) Spa 1973
D10 - - Mokpá, Bamanga Belueli, Pygmies of the Apare river Rundi Kitwa, Batwa of Burundi Kwandu Ngendelengo Motingea Mangulu 1990; Vorbichler 1964; Schebesta 1953; van der Burgt 1902; Jordan 2015; Laranjo Medeiros 1981; Jordan 2015; Laranjo Medeiros 1981
D20: Lega-Holoholo D201 lik Liko (Lika, Balika, Kilika, Liliká, Lilikó) van Geluwe 1960; Harvey 1997
D20: Lega-Holoholo D21 bcp Bali (Baali, Kibaali, Kibala, Kibali, Libaali, Mabali), Bafwandaka, Bakundumu, Bekeni, Bemili Harvey 1997; van Geluwe 1960; McMaster 1988
D20: Lega-Holoholo D211 kzy Kango (Dikango), ‘Dibatchua’ Schebesta 1952; Vorbichler 1964; Harvey 1997
D20: Lega-Holoholo D22 rwm Amba (Baamba, Kivamba, Ku-Amba, Kuamba, Kwamba, Rwaamba, RwaAmba, Rwamba) Winter 1953; Joset 1952
D20: Lega-Holoholo D23 kmw Komo (Kumu, Kikomo, Kikumo, Kikumu, Kikuumu, Kumo, Kuumu) Harries 1958; McMaster 1988
D20: Lega-Holoholo D24 sod Songola (Kesongola, Kisongoola, Songoora, Wasongoa, Watchongoa), Binja, Gengele (Kegengele) Schoenbrun 1994; Delhaise 1909; Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 90
D20: Lega-Holoholo D25 lgm Lega-Mwenga, Lega-Ntara, Isile (Ileka Ishile, Ishile, Isile, Kisile, Sile), Iwanyabaale, Kileega of Bakabango, Eastern Lega Biebuyck 1973; Bastin et al. 1999: 209-210; Botne 2003: 422-423
D20: Lega-Holoholo D251 lea Lega-Shabunda, Lega-Malinga, Kitila, Kiliga, Kiyoma, Kigala, Gonzabale, Beya-Munsange, Banagabo, Pangi Lega Biebuyck 1973; Bastin et al. 1999: 209-210; Botne 2003: 422-423
D20: Lega-Holoholo D251 khx Kanu (Kaanu, Kano, Kanu, Kikaanu, Likanu) Biebuyck 1973
D20: Lega-Holoholo D251 ktf Kwame (Kikwame, Kikwami, Kwami) Biebuyck 1973
D20: Lega-Holoholo D26 zmb Zimba, Ḱεsĺε, kisémolo, kyεnyε-mánila, kikwángε Kabungama 1992
D20: Lega-Holoholo D27 bnx Bangubangu (Bango-Bango, Bangobango, Kibangobango) Meeussen 1954
D20: Lega-Holoholo D28 hoo Holoholo (Horohoro), West Holoholo (D28a, Guha, Kalanga), East Holoholo (D28b), Tumbwe (D281), Lumbwe (D282) Coupez 1955; Maho and Sands 2004; Bastin et al. 1999: 210
D30 D301 kbj Kare (Kare, Akare, Likarili) Dijkmans 1974; Santandrea 1964
D30 D302 bqu Guru (Boguru, Kogoro, Bukur) Costermans 1953; van Bulck 1952; McMaster 1988: 242; 263
D30 D303 nbd/myc Bangbinda (Bungbinda, Ngbinda, Ngminda, Ngenda), Mayeka (D307) Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Johnston 1922; Santandrea 1948; McMaster 1988
D30 D304 hom Homa (Hôma, Huma) Santandrea 1948; Santandrea 1963; Hackett and van Bulck 1956
D30 D305 nyc/gti Nyanga-li, Gbati-ri (D306) (Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 74)
D30 D308 boy Bodo Santandrea 1963; Santandrea 1948; McMaster 1988: 242; 263
D30 D31 bhy Bhele (Bili, Ebhele, Ipere, Kipere, Kipili, Pere, Peri, Pili, Piri) Meyer and Raymond 1981; de Wit 1994
D30 D311 bip Bila (Babila, Ebila, Forest Bila, Forest Bira, Kibila) Kutsch Lojenga 2003
D30 D312 kkq Kaiku (Ikaiku, Kaiko) de Wit 1994
D30 D32 brf Bera (Bira, Plains Bira, Babira, Wawira, Grassland Bavira, Lower Bera), Sese van Geluwe 1956
D30 D33 nlj Nyali (Banyari, Linyali), “Huku” Harries 1959; van Geluwe 1960
D30 D331 vau Vanuma (Bvanuma, Libvanuma, Livanuma), Mbuttu (D313, Pygmy language spoken in Avakubi district on the north side of the Ituri between its confluence with the Epulu and with the Nepoko) Schebesta 1966; Johnston 1922: 484-495
D30 D332 buu Budu (Badimbisa Budu, Bodo, Ebudu, Kibudu, Mabudu Asangama 1983
D30 D333 ndk Ndaaka (Ndaka, Bombo Ndaka, Indaaka) Harvey 1997; van Geluwe 1960
D30 D334 zmw Mbo (Imbo, Kimbo, Mbo-Beke) van Geluwe 1960
D30 D335 bkf Beeke (Beke, Ibeeke, Beeke) Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 84
D30 D336 jgb Ngbele (Lingbe, Lingbee, Mangbele, Ngbee) Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Liesenborghs 1932; Verhulpen 1936b
D40: Nyanga D41 see JD41
D40: Nyanga D42 see JD42
D40: Nyanga D43 nyj Nyanga (Inyanga, Kinyanga) Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Mateene 1980
D50: Bembe-Buyi D501-D531 see JD50
D50: Bembe-Buyi D54 bmb Bembe (Babembe of Kivu, Beembe, Bembe, Ebembe, Ibembe) Meeussen 1953; Verhulpen 1936b; Biebuyck 1973
D50: Bembe-Buyi D55 byi Buyu (Boyo, Bujwe, Buyi, Kibuyu) Meeussen 1953; Biebuyck 1973
E40: Temi E401-E45 see JE40
E40: Temi E46 soz Temi (GiTemi), Ketemi), “Sonjo” Nurse and Rottland 1992
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E51 kik Kikuyu (Gekoyo, Gikuyu) Mutahi 1981; Sim 1977
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E52 ebu Embo (Embu), Mbeere (Mbere, Kimbeere) Mwaniki 2014; Mutahi 1981; Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E53 mer Meru (Kimeru, Mero), Imenti Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E531 mws Mwimbi-Muthambi Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E54 thk Tharaka (Tharaka, Central Tharaka, Saraka, Sharoka), Thagicu Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E541 cuh Chuka (Chuku, Cuka, Suka) Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E55 kam Kamba (Kenya), Kekamba, Kikamba) Lindblom 1926: 3-18
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E56 dhs Daisu (Dhaisu, Daiso, Kidhaiso), “Segeju” Nurse 2000
E60: Chaga group E61 see West Kilimanjaro E621
E60: Chaga group E62a see West Kilimanjaro E621, Central Kilimanjaro E622
E60: Chaga group E62b see Central Kilimanjaro E622
E60: Chaga group E621A (=E61) rwk Rwa (Rwo), Meru (Mero) Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group E621B (=E62a) jmc Machame (Caga-Machame, Kimachame, Kimashami, Macame, Machambe, Madjame, Mashami), Siha (E621C, Kisiha), Narumu, Ng’uni (E621F), “Hai,” Masama (621E, Masdama) Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group E622A (=E62a) old Mochi (Kimochi, Kimoshi, Moshi, Mosi), Mbokomu (E622B), Uru (E622D, Oru), Kuma (Okuma, “Rusha,” E63) Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group E622C (=E62b) vun Vunjo (Wunjo, Kivunjo, Kiwunjo, Wuunjo), Lema (Kilema), Kiruwa, Mamba, Woso (Kiw’oso, Kibosho), Kindi, Kombo, Mweka (Mwika), Marangu (Morang’u), Kiruwa Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group E623 (=E62c) rof Rombo (Kirombo), Keni (E623D), Mashati (E623B), Mkuu (E623C), Usseri (E623A, Kiseri, Useri), Mriti Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group E64 hka Kahe, Kikahe Kahigi 2008; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group E65 gwe Gweno (Ghonu, Gweno, Ki-Gweno, Kighonu, Kigweno) Winter 1980; Philippson and Nurse 2000
E70: Nyika-Taita group E701 mlk Elwana (Ilwana, Kiwilwana), ‘Malakote’ van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Nurse 2000
E70: Nyika-Taita group E71 pkb Pokomo (Pfokomo), Buu, Upper Pokomo (E71A), Lower Pokomo (E71B, Malachini) Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993
E70: Nyika-Taita group E72a,e,G,H nyf Giryama (Agiryama, Giriama, Giryama, Kigiriama), Nyika (Nika, Kinyika), Kambe (E72G), Chwaka, Rabai (E72e), Ribe (E72H) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Möhlig 1986
E70: Nyika-Taita group E72b,c,F coh Kauma (E72b), Chonyi (E72c, Conyi, Chichonyi), Jibana (E72F, Dzihana, Chidzihana) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Möhlig 1986
E70: Nyika-Taita group E72d dug Duruma Möhlig 1986; van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980
E70: Nyika-Taita group E73 dig Digo (Kidigo), Degere (E732 Madhaka)18 Nicolle 2013: 1-5
E70: Nyika-Taita group E731 seg Segeju (Kisegeju, Sageju, Segeju, Sengeju) Nurse 1982
E70: Nyika-Taita group E74a,C dav Taita, Dawida (Dabida, Davida, E74a), Bura, Chawia, Kasigau (E74C, Kisighau) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980
E70: Nyika-Taita group E74b tga Sagalla (Kisagalla, Sagala, Sagalla Taita, Saghala), Dambi, Kishamba van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980
F10: Tongwe-Bende group F11 tny Tongwe (Kitongwe, Kitoongwe, Sitongwe) Masele 2001
F10: Tongwe-Bende group F12 bdp Bende, Gongwe Abe 2011
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F21 suk Sukuma, Kemunasukuma (F21A, North Sukuma), Kemunangweeli (F21B), Kiiya (F21C, Kiya, JinaKiiya), Kemunadakama (F21D, South Sukuma), Nasa (F21E, Kinaanasa), Sumaabu (F21F, SumaaBu, KisumaaBu), Nelaa (F21G, Kinaanelaa), Ntuzu (Gina-Ntuzu, Kimunantuzu, F21H) Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F22A,B,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K nym Nyamwezi (Kinyamwezi), Galaganza (F22A, Sigalagaanza, Garaganza), Mweri (F22B), Nyanyembe (F22D, Unyanyemba, Unyanyembe), Takama (F22E, Dakama), Nangwila (F22F), Ilwana (Kilwana, Ilwana-Nyamwezi F22G), Uyui (F22H), Rambo (F22I), Ndaala (F22J, Ndala), Nyambiu (F22K) Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F22C kcz Konongo (Kikonoongo), East Nyamwezi Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F23 suw Sumbwa (Kisumbwa, Shisumbwa, Shumbwa), Sisiloombo, Siyoombe Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F24 kiv Kimbu (Kikimbu, Kikiimbu), North KiKiimbu, South Kikiimbu Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F25 wun Bungu (Ici-Wungu, Iciwungu, Kibungu, Ungu, Wungu) Roth 2011
F30: Nilamba-Rangi F31A,C,D,E nim Nilamba, Ilamba, Central Laamba (F31A, Kinilaamba), Ushoola (F31C, Ushoola), Nyambi (F31D, Iambi), Mbuga (F31E) Masele 2001
F30: Nilamba-Rangi F31B isn Isanzu (Ihaanzu, Issansu) Masele 2001
F30: Nilamba-Rangi F32 rim Limi (Rimi, Keremi, Kilimi), Ahi (GiAhi, Chahi), Ginyamunyinganyi), Rwana (Girwana), Nyaturu (Kinyaturu, Turu) Masele 2001
F30: Nilamba-Rangi F33 lag Rangi (Langi, Irangi, Kelangi, Kilaangi), Kondoa Dunham 2007
F30: Nilamba-Rangi F34 mgz Mbugwe (Buwe, Kimbugwe, Kiumbugwe, Mbuwe) Mous 2004
G10: Gogo-Kagulu G11 gog Gogo (Chigogo, Cigogo, Gogo, Ki-Gogo, Kigogo) Gonzales 2002
G10: Gogo-Kagulu G12 kki Kagulu (Chikagulu, Cikagulu, Kagulu, Kaguru, Kigaguru,Kikagulu) Petzell 2008
G10: Gogo-Kagulu G21 tvs Taveta (“Tubeta”) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Kitetu 2012
G10: Gogo-Kagulu G22 asa Pare, Asu (Ashu, Athu, Casu, Chasu, Chiasu), South Pare (G22B, Gonja, Mbaga (G22B), North Pare (G22A) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Kitetu 2012; Mreta 2000
G10: Gogo-Kagulu G23 ksb Shambala (Šambala, Kisambaa, Kishambaa, Kishambala, Sambaa, Sambala, Sambara, Schambala, Shambaa) Nurse 1988
G10: Gogo-Kagulu G24 bou Bondei (Bonde, Boondei, Kibondei) Merlevede 1995; Legère 1992
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G301 doe Doe (Dohe, Ki-Doe) Gonzales 2002
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G31 ziw Zigula (Chizigula, Kizigua, Kizigula, Msegua, Seguha, Wazegua, Zeguha, Zegura, Zigoua, Zigua, Zigwa) Petzell and Hammarström 2013
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G311 xma Mushungulu (Kimushungulu, Mushunguli, Mushungulu), Zigua in Somalia Hout 2012; Williams 2012; Grottanelli 1953
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G32 cwe Ngwele (Kakwere, Kikwere, Kinghwele, Kwele, Kwere, Ng’were, Ngh’wele, Nhwele, Nwele, Tsinghwele) Gonzales 2002; Legère 2003
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G33 zaj Zaramo (Dzalamo, Saramo, Zalamo (E18)) Gonzales 2002
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G34 ngp Ngulu (Kingulu, Ngulu, Nguru, Nguu) Petzell and Hammarström 2013
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G35 ruf Ruguru (Luguru, Cilugulu, Guru, Ikiruguru, Kiluguru, Kiruguru, Lughuru, Lugulu) Gonzales 2002; Mkude 1974
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G36 kcu Kami (Kikami) Petzell and Hammarström 2013
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G37 kdc Kutu (Khutu, Kikutu, Kixutu, Kutu Petzell and Hammarström 2013
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G38 vid Vidunda (Chividunda, Kividunda, Ndunda, Vidunda) Gonzales 2002; Legère 2007
G30: Zigula-Zaramo G39 sbm Sagala (Saghala, Ki-Sagara, Kisagala, Kisagara) Kondoa, Solwe, Kweny, Nkwifiya (Kwiva, Kwifa) Gonzales 2002
G40: Swahili group G402 ymk Makwe (Coastal Makwe, Interior Makwe, Kimakwe, Macue) Devos 2007
G40: Swahili group G403 wmw Mwani (Cap Delgado, Kimwani, Muane, Mwane, Mwani, Quimuane) Schadeberg 1997
G40: Swahili group G412 - Mwiini (Chimwiini, Mwini, Barawa) Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993
G40: Swahili group G41–43 swh/swc/ccl Swahili (Kiswahili), Tikuu (G41, Bajuni, Bagiuni), Socotra Swahili (G411), Amu (G42a, Pate, Siu, Siyu), Mombasa area Swahili (G42b, Mvita, Ngare, Jomvu, Changamwe, Kilindini), Mrima (G42c, Mtang’ata, Lugha ya Zamani), Unguja (G42d, Kiunguja), Malindi (G42E, Mambrui), Fundi (G42F, Chifundi), Chwaka (G42G), Vumba (G42H), Madagascar Swahili (G42I, Nosse Be), Pemba (G43a, Southern Pemba, Northern Pemba), Tumbatu (G43b), Makunduchi (G43c, “Hadimu,” Kae, Kikae), Mafia (G43D, Mbwera, Kingome), Kilwa (G43E), Mgao (G43F, G401, Kimgao), Sidi (G404), Cutchi Swahili, Congo Swahili (Lubumbashi Swahili, Shaba Swahili, Kingwana) Ashton 1944; Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993; Lodhi 2008; Samarin 2014; Neale 1974
G40: Swahili group G44(D) swb Maore Comorian (Comoro, Komoro, Shimaore) Full 2006
G40: Swahili group G44a zdj Ngazija (Shingazidja) Full 2006
G40: Swahili group G44b wni Njuani (Ndzwani, Shindjuani) Full 2006
G40: Swahili group G44C wlc Mwali (Shimwali) Full 2006
G50: Pogolo-Ndamba group G51, G52 poy/ndj Pogolo (Chipogolo, Chipogoro, Cipogolo, Pogolu, Pogora, Pogoro)Ndamba (Kindamba) Hendle 1907; Novotná 2005
G60: Bena-Kinga group G61 sbp Sango (Mahango, Eshisango, Kisangu), Lori (Rori) Mumford 1934; Nurse 1988
G60: Bena-Kinga group G62 heh Hehe (Ehe, Ekiehe, Kihehe) Mumford 1934; Nurse 1988
G60: Bena-Kinga group G63 bez Bena (Ekibena, Ikibena Mitterhofer 2013
G60: Bena-Kinga group G64 pbr Pangwa (Ekipangwa, Kipangwa) Stirnimann 1983
G60: Bena-Kinga group G65 zga Kinga (Ekikinga, Kikinga) Schadeberg 1971; Nurse 1988
G60: Bena-Kinga group G651 gmx Magoma (Kimagoma) Schadeberg 1971: 1; 190
G60: Bena-Kinga group G66 wbi Wanji (Kivwanji, Kiwanji, Vwanji, Wanji) Nurse 1988
G60: Bena-Kinga group G67 kiz Kisi (Kese, Kikisi) Fülleborn 1906; Nurse 1988
H10: Kikongo group H10A ktu Kituba (Kikongo-Kutuba), Ikeleve, Kibulamatadi, Kikongo Commercial, Kikongo Simplifie (Kikongo Simplifié), Kikongo Ya Leta, Kileta Mufwene 2009
H10: Kikongo group H10B mkw Munukutuba (Monokutuba) Mufwene 2009
H10: Kikongo group H11 beq Beembe (Bembe), Keenge, Yari (Kiyari) Jacquot 1981
H10: Kikongo group H112A xku Kaamba (Kamba, Kikaamba) Bouka 1989a; de Schryver et al. 2015
H10: Kikongo group H112B dde Doondo (Dondo, Kidoondo) Even 1931; Mfoutou 1985; Lumwamu 1974
H10: Kikongo group H12 vif Vili (Civili, Civili ci Loango, Vili of Mayumbe, Loango) Mavoungou et al. 2010
H10: Kikongo group H13 njx Kunyi (Kuni, Kikunyi, Kugni) Lumwamu 1974; Bastin et al. 1999
H10: Kikongo group H131 sdj Suundi (Kissoundi, Kisuundi, Sunde), Kifouma, Kimongo Mabiala 1999
H10: Kikongo group H16a-b kng South Kikongo, Kisikongo (H16a), Kisolongo, Kimboma, Central Kikongo, Manyanga (H16b, Kimanyanga), Mazinga, Ndibu (Bandibu), Bwende (H16e), Zoombo (H16h, Zombo, Pende) Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015; Laman 1936: lxxxv-lxxxvii
H10: Kikongo group H16c-d yom/kwy Yombe (Yoombi, Kiyombe), Ciwoyo, Cizobe, Kakongo, Ndingi (H14), Mboka (H15), Cimbala, Cizali Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015
H10: Kikongo group H16f ldi Laadi (Laari, Kiladi, Kilari), Ghaangala (H111, Kighaangala, Hangala)
H10: Kikongo group H16g-h kng Eastern Kikongo, Ntandu (Kintandu), Mbeko, Nkanu (H16h), Mbata, Mpangu Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015
H20: Kimbundu group H21 kmb Mbundu (H21a, Bunda, Bundo, Kimbundo, Quimbundo, Kimbundu), Kimbamba (H21b, Njinga, Ginga, Jinga) Vieira-Martinez 2006
H20: Kimbundu group H22 smd Kisama (Kissama, Quissama, Sama) Heintze 1970; Price 1872
H20: Kimbundu group H23 blv Kibala (Bolo, Libolo, Libollo, Libolu, Lubalo, Lubolo), Haka (Haco), “Ngoya” Angenot et al. 2011
H20: Kimbundu group H24 nsx Songo (Nsongo, Basongo, Massongo, Songu, Sungu) Jaspert and Jaspert 1930; Vansina 2004
H30: Yaka group H31 yaf/ppp/lnz Yaka (Bayaka, Iaka, Iyaka, Kiyaka), Pelende (Phelende), Lonzo van den Eynde 1968; Ntoya Maselo 2014
H30: Yaka group H321 (= L101) shc Sonde (Soonde, Kisonde), Lua (Luwa) Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1907
H30: Yaka group H32 sub Suku (Kisuku) Piper 1977
H30: Yaka group H33H34 =-mxg Hungu, Tsotso, Pombo22Mbangala (H34, Bangala, Cimbangala), Shinji(H35, Sinji, Yungo) Atkins 1955; Chatelain and Summer 1894
H40: Mbala-Hunganna H41 mdp Mbala (Bambala of Kwango, Gimbala, Rumbala) Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1922
H40: Mbala-Hunganna H42 hum Hunganna (Huana, Hungaan, Hungana, Kihungana), Saamba (Tsaamba, Tsamba) Torday and Joyce 1922; Boone 1973; Takizala 1974; Muluwa and Bostoen 2015
JD41: Konzo-Nande group JD41 koo Konzo (Kikondjo, Konjo, Lhukonzo, Olukonjo, Olukonzo, Rukonjo, Rukonzo, Rukoonzo), Sanza (Ekisanza) Schoenbrun 1994
JD41: Konzo-Nande group JD42 nnb Nande (Banande, Nandi, Ndandi, Kinande, Kinandi), Shu (Ekishu), Yira (Ekiyira) Schoenbrun 1994
JD41: Konzo-Nande group JD43 see under D40
JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD501 nyg Nyindu Igunzi 2013
JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD51 hke Hunde (Kihunde, Kihuunde), Kobi (Rukobi) Schoenbrun 1994
JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD52 hav Haavu (Havu, Kihaavu) Schoenbrun 1994
JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD53 shr Shi (Mashi), Nyabungu Schoenbrun 1994
JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD531 tbt Tembo (Chitembo, Kitembo) Schoenbrun 1994
JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD54 see under D50
JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD55 see under D50
JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD56 kcw Bwari (Kabwari) Schoenbrun 1994
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD61 kin Rwanda (Kinyarwanda), Hutu), Kisoro Pygmies, Rwanda-Batwa, Fumbira (Rufumbira), Kirashi (JE221), Yaka (JD502) Schumacher 1950; Munderi 2009; Schoenbrun 1994; Nzita 1992; (Jouannet 1983)
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD62 run Rundi (Kirundi) van Bulck 1957
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD63 flr Fuliiru (Fulero, Fuliiro, Fuliru, Kifuliiru) Otterloo and Otterloo 2011; Schoenbrun 1994
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD631 job Vira (Bavira, Kiviira), Joba (Kijoba) Schoenbrun 1994
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD64 suj Subi (Shuubi, Kishubi, Kisubi, Shubi, Shuwi), “Sinja” Nurse and Philippson 1980
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD65 han Hangaza, Kihangaza (KiHangaza) Schoenbrun 1994
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD66 haq Ha (Kiha) Schoenbrun 1994; Harjula 2004
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD67 vin Kivinza (KiVinza), Vinza) Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE101 rub Gungu (Lugungu, Rugungu) Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE102 tlj Talinga-Bwisi, Kitalinga (Talinga), (Bwissi, Lubwisi, Lubwissi, Mawissi, Olubwisi) Paluku 1998
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE103 ruc Ruli (Eciruri, Luduuli, Ruli, Ruluuli, Ruluuli-Runyala, Ruuli) Ladefoged et al. 1972
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE11 nyo Nyoro (Lunyoro (LuNyoro, Orunyoro, Runyoro) Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE12 ttj Tooro (Orutoro, Rutooro, Rutoro, Tooro, Toro, Urutoro) Rubongoya 1999
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE121 nix Hema (Bahima, Hema-Sud, Kihema), Congo Nyoro, Hema Thiry 2004
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE13 nyn Nkore (Nkole, Nyankole, Nyankore, Olunyankole, Runyankole, Runyankore) Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE14 cgg Chiga (Ciga, Kiga, Ruciga) Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE15 lug Ganda (Luganda), Sese (Olusese), Vuma (Luvuma) Schoenbrun 1994; Cunningham 1905
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE16 xog Soga (Busoga), Diope (Ludiope), Gabula (Lugabula), Gweri (Lugweri), Kigulu (Lukigulu), Lamogi (Lulamogi, Lulamoogi, Lamoogi), Luuka, Nholo (Lunholo), Siki (Siginyi, Lusiginyi, Lusiki), Tembe (Tembé, Lutembe), Tenga (Lutenga) Fallers 1968; Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE16 lke Kenyi (Kenye, Kene, Lukenhe) Ladefoged et al. 1972; Roscoe 1915
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE17 gwr Gwere (Lugwere) Ladefoged et al. 1972
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE18 - West Nyala Kanyoro 1983; Ochwaya-Oluoch 2003: 7-8
JE20: Haya-Jita group JE21 now Nyambo (Ekinyambo), “Karagwe” Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group JE22 hay Haya, Kyamutwara (JE22A, Kjamtwara, Kiamutwara), Bugabo (JE22B, Bugabu), Bukara (JE22C), Ziba (JE22D, Kiziba), Hanja (JE22E, Kianja, Kihanja, Kjanja), Hangiro (JE22F, Ihangiro), Missenyi (JE22G, Misenyi) Herrmann 1904; Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group JE23 zin Zinza (Dzinda, Dzindza, Echidzindza, Jinja) Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group JE24 ked Kerebe (Ecikerebe, Ekikerebe, Ikikerebe, Kerewe) Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group JE25 jit Jita (Ecejiita, Kijita) Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group JE251,253 kya Kwaya (JE251, Kikwaya), Ci-Ruri (JE253, Ruri, Rori, Kirori, Eciruri, Luri, Kiruri, Eciruuri, Ciruri) Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group JE252 reg Kara (Kikara), Regi (Kilegi, Kiregi) Schoenbrun 1994
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE31 myx Masaba (Masaaba, Lumasaba), Gisu (JE31a, Gesu, Lugisu), Kisu (JE31b), Buya (J41G, Buuya, Lubuya), Dadiri (JE31F, Ludadiri, North Lumasaaba), Lufumbo, Luteza, Luwalasi, Luyobo Schoenbrun 1994; la Fontaine 1959
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE31c bxk Bukusu (Vugusu) Wagner and Mair 1970; Austen 1975: 1-37; Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE31D - Syan (Orusyan), Bumett (Pumit) Huntingford 1965; Schoenbrun 1994
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE31E lts Tachon (Tachoni, Tatsoni) Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32a lwg Hanga (Wanga, Luwanga, Luhanga) Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32b lto Tsotso (Olutsotso) Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32C lrm Marama (Olumarama) Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32D lks Kisa (Olukisa) Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32E lkb Kabras (Kabarasi) Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32F nle East Nyala (Nyala North, Lunyala ‘K’), Kakalewa Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE33 nyd Nyole (Abanyole, Lunyole, Lunyore, Nyoole, Nyore, Olunyore) Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE34 lsm Saamia (Samia, Lusaamia), Bagwe, Gwe (Lugwe), Songa (JE343) Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE341 lko Khayo (Xaayo) Kanyoro 1983; Marlo 2008
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE342 lri Marachi (Lumarachi) Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE35 nuj Nyole (Lunyole, Nyule, Nyuli), Hadyo (Luhadyo), Sabi (Lusabi), Wesa (Luwesa) Schadeberg 1989; Morris 1963
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE401 ngq Ngurimi (Dengurume, Ikingurimi, Kingereme, Kingoreme, Ngoreme) Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE402, 404 ikz Ikizu (JE402, Ikiikiizu, Ikikizo, Ikikizu), Shashi (JE404, Ikishashi, Kishashi) Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE403 sxb Suba (Egisuba, Luo Abasuba) Rottland 1993
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE405 cwa Kabwa (Kikabhwa, Kikabwa) Walker 2013; Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam 2009
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE406–7 sgm Singa (E406, Lusinga), Cula (Chula), Ware (E407) Hobley 1902
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE41 rag Logooli (Llogoori, Logoli, Lugooli, Luragoli, Maragoli, Maragooli, Ragoli, Uluragooli) Wagner and Mair 1970
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE411–3 ida Idakho (JE411, Itakho), Isukha (JE412, Isuxa, Lwisukha), Tiriki (JE413, Tirichi) Kanyoro 1983
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE42 guz Gusii (Ekegusii, Guzii, Kisii), Kosova Cammenga 2002: 17-33
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE43 kuj Kuria (Egikuria, Ekikuria, Gikuria, Igikuria, Ikikuria, Kikuria Cha Juu, Kikuria Cha Mashariki, Kikuria, Koria, Kulia) 43 Schoenbrun 1994; Cammenga 2004
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE431–4 ssc Hacha (JE432, Haacha, Kihacha), Ikisimbete (IkiSimbete), Iryege (Iregi, Kiiryege), Kine (Kikine, Kiine), Kiroba, Kironi (Kikirone), Kiseru, Kisimbiti, Kisingiri, Rieri (Ryeri), Simbiti (JE431, Suba-Simbiti) Surwa (JE433, Kisurwa), Sweta (JE434, Kisweta) Kihore 2000; Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE44 zak Zanaki (Ekizanaki, Ikizanaki, Ilizanaki, Kizanaki) Walker 2013; Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE45 ntk Ikoma (Koma, Kiikoma), Isenye (Issenye, Isenyi, Kiisenye), Nata (Ekinata, Natta, Kinatta, Kinata, Ikinata) Walker 2013; Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE46 see under E40
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K11 cjk Chokwe (Batshokwe, Ciokwe, Kioko, Kiokwe, Quioca, Quioco, Shioko, Tschiokloe, Tshokwe) Vansina 2004
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K12a lum Lwimbi (Chiluimbi, Luimbe, Luimbi, Lwimbe) Jaspert and Jaspert 1930
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K12b nba Gangela (Ganguela, Ganguella, Ngangela) Nyemba (Nhemba) Fleisch 2009; Maniacky 2003
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K13 lch Lucazi (Chiluchazi, Luchazi, Lujash, Lujazi, Lutchaz, Lutshase, Luxage) Fleisch 2009
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K14 lue Lwena (Luena), Luvale (Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Luvale) Papstein 1978; Horton 1949
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K15 mck Mbuunda (Chimbunda, Mbunda) McCulloch 1951; Fleisch 2009; Papstein 1994
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K16 nye Nyengo (Nhengo, Nyenko) Fortune 1963
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K17 mfu Mbwela (Ambuela, Ambuella, Ambwela, Mbuela, Mbwera, Shimbwera) Fleisch 2009; Bostoen 2007; McCulloch 1951; Maniacky 2003
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K18 nkn Nkangala (Cangala, Ngangala) Maniacky 2003
K20: Lozi group K21 loz Lozi (Silozi), “Sikololo,” “Kolololo” Fortune 2001; Jalla 1917; Burger 1960
K30: Luyana group K31 lyn Luyana (Ca-Luiana, Esiluyana, Louyi, Lui, Rouyi), Kwandi (K371), Kwangwa (K37) Lisimba 1982; Fortune 1963
K30: Luyana group K32 mxo Mbowe (Esimbowe), Liyuwa (K322), Liyuwa Lisimba 1982; Fortune 1963
K30: Luyana group K33 kwn Kwangali (Kwangare, Kwangari, Rukwangali, Rukwangari, Sikwangali) Möhlig 1997
K30: Luyana group K331, 332, 334 diu Dciriku (K332, Gciriku, Diriku), Sambyu (K331), Rumanyo (K334, Manyo) Möhlig 2007
K30: Luyana group K333 mhw Mbukushu (Thimbukushu) Möhlig 1997; Larson 1981
K30: Luyana group K34 mho Mashi (Masi), Kwandu Laranjo Medeiros 1981; Lisimba 1982
K30: Luyana group K35 sie Simaa, Mulonga (K351), Mbume (K321, Mbumi), Imilangu (K354), Mwenyi (K352) Bostoen 2007; Fortune 1963; Lisimba 1982
K30: Luyana group K36 - Shanjo de Luna 2008; Bostoen 2009
K40: Subiya-Totela group K402 fwe Fwe Bostoen 2009; Seidel 2005; de Luna 2008; Pretorius 1975
K40: Subiya-Totela group K41 ttl Totela (Echitotela), Totela of Namibia (K411) Seidel 2005; Crane 2011; de Luna 2008
K40: Subiya-Totela group K42, sbs Subiya (Echisubia, Subia), Ikuhane (Chikuahane, Seidel 2005; Ohly 1994
K40: Subiya-Totela group K401 sbs Chikwahane, Ciikuhane, Ikuhane, Mbalangwe (K401, Mbalanwe) de Luna 2008
L10: Pende group L11 pem Pende (Bapende, Gipende, Giphende, Kipende, Pheende, Phende) Weeckx 1938; Torday and Joyce 1922; Bittremieux 1939
L10: Pende group L12b hol Holo (Holu, Kiholo, Kiholu), Yeci Boone 1973; Atkins 1955
L10: Pende group L13 kws Kwese (Gikwezo, Kikwese, Kwezo, Ukwese) Boone 1973; Forges 1983; Torday and Joyce 1907
L20: Songe group L201 - Budya (L201), Yazi (L202)
L20: Songe group L21 kcv Kete (Lu-Kete, Lukete, Ciket), East Kete (L21A), North Kete (L21B, Kete-Kuba), Kete-Lulua (L21C, South-West Kete) Kamba Muzenga 1980: 3-4; Maes 1934; Boone 1973
L20: Songe group L221 lwa Lwalwa (Lwalu) Boone 1973; Timmermans 1967; Bastin et al. 1999
L20: Songe group L23 sop Songe (Basonge, Kisonge, Kisongi, Kisongye, Luba-Songi, Lusonge), East Songye, North Songye (Ikaleebwe), South Songye, Beelandé 45 van Overbergh 1908; Stappers 1964: 3; Torday and Joyce 1922
L20: Songe group L22/L231 bpj Mbagani, Binji (Bindji, Babindji) van Coillie 1949; Bastin et al.1999: 21
L20: Songe group L24 luj Luna-Inkongo, Northern Luba Westcott no date
L30: Luba group L31 lua Luba-Lulua, Luba-Kasai (L31a, Tshiluba, Ciluba), West Luba (L31b, Lulua, Luluwa, Bena-Lulua) de Clercq 1903: i-vi
L30: Luba group L32 kny Kanioka, Kanyok, Kanyoka de Clercq 1900; Stappers 1986: xiv-xv
L30: Luba group L33 lub Luba-Katanga, Kiluba, East Luba, Luba-Shaba Verhulpen 1936a
L30: Luba group L34 hem Hemba (Kiemba, Kihemba), Yazi (L202), Zela (K331, Kizela, Kimbote, Mbote), Eastern Luba, Luba-Hemba, Kebwe (L301) Vandermeiren 1912; Bastin et al. 1999; van Bulck 1948; Kabange Mukala 2005
L30: Luba group L35 sng Sanga (Kisanga), Garengaze (Garenganze), South Luba, Luba-Sanga Clarke 1911
L40: Kaonde group L41 kqn Kaonde (Chikahonde, Chikaonde, Kahonde, Kawonde,Luba Kaonde), Solwezi, Kasempa Kashoki and Mann 1978
L50: Lunda group L51 slx Salampasu (Basala Mpasu, Chisalampasu), Luntu (L511, Luuntu, Bakwa Luntu) Maes 1934; Denolf 1954
L50: Lunda group L52 lun Lunda (Balunda, Chilunda, Southern Lunda), Ndembu McCulloch 1951; Kawasha 2003
L50: Lunda group L53 rnd Ruund (Ruwund, Chiluwunda, Lunda Kambove, Lunda-Kamboro, Luunda, Luwunda, Northern Lunda), Kanincin Stappers 1954; Nash 1992
L60: Nkoya group L60–62 nka Nkoya (L62), Mbwela (L61, Mbwera, Mbowera), Kolwe (L601, Lukolwe), Lushangi (L602, Lushange), Shasha (L603, Mashasha), Mbowela (Mbwera, Shimbwera, Mbwela), Nkoya, Shasha, Shinkoya Simwinga 2006; Gluckman 1951; McCulloch 1951: 93-101
M10: Fipa-Mambwe group M11 piw Pimbwe (Cipimbwe, Ichipimbwe, Icipimbwe, Kipimbwe) Abe 2011; Chomba 1975; Maurice 1938
M10: Fipa-Mambwe group M12 rnw Rungwa (Ichirungwa, Icilungwa, Kirungwa, Lungwa, Nyalungwa, Runga) Walsh and Swilla 2001
M10: Fipa-Mambwe group M13 fip Fipa (Fiba, Cifipa), Fipa-Sukuma (M13A), South Fipa (M13B), Kandaasi (M13C), Siiwa (M13D), Nkwaamba (M13E), Kwa (M13F), Kwaafi (M13G), Ntile (N13H, Cile, “Yantili”), Kuulwe (M131), Peemba (M13I) Walsh and Swilla 2001; Willis 1966
M10: Fipa-Mambwe group M14/15 mgr Lungu (M14, Rungu), Mambwe (M14) Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M201 lai Lambya (Rambya), North Lambya (M201A), Central Lambya (M201B), South Lambya (M201C) Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M21 wbh Wanda (Wandia), Sichela Walsh and Swilla 2001; Lindfors et al. 2009b
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M22 mwn Inamwanga (Ichinamwanga, Namwanga, Nyamwanga), Iwa (M26), Tambo (M27, Tembo) Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M23A nkt West Nyika, Nyika of Sumbawanga Lindfors et al. 2009a
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M23B nih Central Nyiha, Nyiha of Mbozi Lindfors et al. 2009a
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M23C nyr East Nyika, Nyika of Rungwe Lindfors et al. 2009a Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M23D nkv South Nyiha Lindfors et al. 2009a; Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M24 mgq Malila (Ishimalilia, Kimalila, Malela, Malilia) Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M25 sbk Safwa, Safwa of Mbeya (M25A), Mbwila (M25B, Uleenje), Soongwe (M25C), Polooto (M25D, Poroto), Guruka (M25E) Walsh and Swilla 2001; Msanjila 2004
M30: Nyakyusa-Ngonde group M301 ndh Ndali (Chindali), Sukwa (Chisukwa) Botne 2008; Kershner 2002
M30: Nyakyusa-Ngonde group M31 nyy Nyakyusa-Ngonde, Nyakyusa (M31A, Nyekyosa, Iki-Nyikusa), Kukwe (M31B, Ngumba), Mwamba (M31C, Lugulu, “Sokelo”), Ngonde (M31D), Selya (M31E, Kaaselya), Penja (M302) Walsh and Swilla 2001
M40: Bemba group M401 bwc Bwile Brelsford 1956; Bastin et al. 1999
M40: Bemba group M402 auh Aushi (Avaushi, Ushi, Usi, Uzhil, Vouaousi) Doke 1933; Whiteley 1950
M40: Bemba group M41 tap Tabwa (Taabua, Taabwa, Ichitaabwa), Shila Whiteley 1950
M40: Bemba group M41 bem Bemba (Icibemba, Wemba) Whiteley 1950; Kashoki and Mann 1978
M50 M51–52 leb Lala-Bisa, Bisa (M51, Wisa), Lala (M52, Ichilala), Ambo (M521), Unga, Twa of Bangweulu, Luano (M522) Brelsford 1946; Whiteley 1950; von Rosen 1916
M50 M54 lam Lamba, Swaka (M53), Lima (M541, Bulima), Temba (M542) Doke 1922; Whiteley 1950; Brelsford 1956; Bastin et al. 1999: 219
M50 M55 kdg Seba, Shishi Whiteley 1950
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M61 leh Lenje (Chilenje, Lengi, Lenji), Batwa of the Lukanga (M611), Ciina (Chinamukuni, Ciina Mukuni, Mukuni) Shekleton 1908; de Luna 2008
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M62 sby Soli (Chisoli) de Luna 2008
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M63 ilb Ila (Chiila [E18), Batwa of the Kafue (M633), Lundwe (M632) Smith 1907; de Luna 2008; Doke 1928; Torrend 1931
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M631 shq Sala (M631) de Luna 2008
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M64 toi Tonga (Chitonga, Tonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe), Ndawe, Plateau Tonga, Valley Tonga, We-Zambezi [E18] de Luna 2008; Hachipola 1991
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M651–652 dov Toka (M651), Leya (M652, Reya), “Dombe” Hachipola 1998; de Luna 2008
N10: Manda group N101 dne Ndendeule (Kidendauli, Kindendeule, Kindendeuli, Ndendeuli) Nurse 1988; Booth 1905
N10: Manda group N102 nxi Nindi (Kinindi, Manundi) Maho and Sands 2004; Booth 1905
N10: Manda group N11 mgs Manda (Kimanda), Matumba Fülleborn 1906; Nurse 1988
N10: Manda group N12 ngo Ngoni of Tanzania (Angoni, Chingoni, Kingoni), Kisutu Spiss 1904; Ebner 1955; Miti 1996
N10: Manda group N13 mgv Matengo (Chimatengo, Ki-Matengo, Kimatengo) Yoneda 2000; Nurse 1988
N10: Manda group N14 mpa Mpoto (Chimpoto, Cimpoto, Kimpoto, Mpoto) Nurse 1988
N10: Manda group N15 tog Tonga (Chitonga), Tonga of Malawi, Siska, Sisya Turner 1952; Young 1933; Turner 1952
N20: Tumbuka group N21 tum Tumbuka (N21a, Chitumbuka, Citumbuka), Poka (N21b, Chipoka, Phoka), Kamanga (N21b, Nkhamanga, Henga, Ci-Henga), Senga (N21d, Senga in the Luangwa Valley in the Lundazi District), Yombe (N21e), Fungwe (N21f), Wenya (N21g) Young 1923; Brelsford 1956
N30: Chewa-Nyanja group N31 nya/mjh Chewa-Nyanja, Nyanja (N31a, Chinyanja), Chewa (N31b, Achewa, Cewa), Manganja (N31c, South Nyanja), Mozambique Nyasa (N31D, Nyasa-Cewa), Maravi (Malawi), Peta, Mwera of Mbamba Bay(N201)27 Stigand 1909; of Malawi 2006; of Malawi 2009
N40: Senga-Sena group N41 nse Nsenga (Cinsenga, Chinsenga, Nsenga on the lower Luangwa in the Petauke-Lusaka-Feira districts), Kunda of Mambwe district Miti 2004; Brelsford 1956
N40: Senga-Sena group N42 kdn Kunda (Achikunda, Chikunda, Cikunda) Hachipola 1998; Brelsford 1956
N40: Senga-Sena group N43 nyu Nyungwe (Chinyungwe, Chinyungwi, Cinyungwe, Nyongwe, Yungwe), Tete (Tetense, Teta), Pimbi (Phimbi, Pimbe) van der Mohl 1904
N40: Senga-Sena group N44 seh Sena (Chisena, Cisena, Mocambique Sena), Podzo (N46, Ci-Podzo, Phodzo, Shiputhsu, Chipodzo, Puthsu) van der Mohl 1904
N40: Senga-Sena group N441 swk Sena (Chisena, Cisena, Malawi Sena) Funnell 2004
N40: Senga-Sena group N45 bwg Rue (Barwe, Chirue), Balke (Cibalke) Macalane 2000; Mangoya 2012; Hachipola 1998
P10: Matuumbi group P11/12 ndg/rui Ndengereko (Kindengereko, Kingengereko, Ndengeleko), Rufiji (Kirufiji) Ström 2013
P10: Matuumbi group P13 mgw Matuumbi (Kimatumbi, Kimatuumbi, Matumbi) Nurse 1988
P10: Matuumbi group P14 nnq Ngindo (Ci-Ngindo, Cingindo, Gindo, Kingindo, Njindo, Njinjo) Cross-Upcott 1956; Nurse 1988
P10: Matuumbi group P15 mgy Mbunga (Bunga, Kimbunga) Nurse 1988
P20: Yao group P21 yao Yao (Chiyao, Ciyao, Djao, Jao) Whiteley 1966: xiii-xv
P20: Yao group P22 mwe Mwera (Cimwela, Cimwera, Kimwera, Mwela) Harries 1950
P20: Yao group P23/P24 kde/njd Makonde (Simakonde, Chimakonde, Chinimakonde, Kimakonde, Konde, Makonde), “Mavia” (P25, Mávia, Maviha, Cimabiha, Mabiha, Kimawiha, Mawia, Chimaviha, Mawiha), Maraba (Chimaraba), Tambwe (Matambe, Matambwe, Chimatambwe), Chinnima, Ndonde (Chindonde) Kraal 2005: 1-7
P20: Yao group P23 mvw Machinga Steere 1876
P30: Makhuwa group P31A,E vmw Central-Makhuwa, Makhuwa Enahara (P31E), Nampula Kröger 2005; Prata 1960
P30: Makhuwa group P31B,G mgh Meetto (Metto), Makhuwa-Meetto, Masasi, Ruvuma Makhuwa, Imithupi, Ikorovere Kröger 2005; Prata 1960
P30: Makhuwa group P31C vmk Chirima (Shirima) Kröger 2005; Prata 1960
P30: Makhuwa group P31C kzn Kokola Shrum and Shrum 2001
P30: Makhuwa group P31C llb Lolo Reiman 2002; Shrum and Shrum 2001; Vinton and Vinton 2001
P30: Makhuwa group P31C mny Manyawa Reiman 2002; Shrum and Shrum 2001; Vinton and Vinton 2001
P30: Makhuwa group P31C vmr Marenje (Emarendje, Marendje, Marenji) Shrum and Shrum 2001; Reiman 2002
P30: Makhuwa group P31C tke Takwane (Thakwani) Shrum and Shrum 2001; Reiman 2002
P30: Makhuwa group P31D xmc Marrevone (Marevone), Nampamela Prata 1960; Kröger 2005
P30: Makhuwa group P31F xsq Esaka (Esaaka, Saaka, Saanga, Saka, Sanga) Katupha 1991
P30: Makhuwa group P311 eko Koti (Ekoti, Coti), “Angoje” Schadeberg and Mucanheia 2000; Lyndon and Lyndon 2007
P30: Makhuwa group P312 nte Sakati (Sangaji, Esakaji), Enatthembo Prata 1960; Lyndon and Lyndon 2007
P30: Makhuwa group P32 ngl Lomwe (Ilomwe, Lomue), Western Makua Prata 1960
P30: Makhuwa group P33,331 lon Malawi Lomwe, Nguru (Ngulu, Anguru), Mihavane Kayambazinthu 2004
P30: Makhuwa group P34 chw Central Chuwabo (Chichwabo, Chuabo, Chuwabo, Chuwabu, Txuwabo, Chwabo, Cuabo, Cuwabo, Echuabo), Quellimane Vinton and Vinton 2001
P30: Makhuwa group P34 cwb Maindo, Badoni, Mitange Vinton and Vinton 2001
P30: Makhuwa group P341 mhm Moniga (Emakhuwa-Emoniga, Emoniga) Kröger 2005
R10: Umbundu group R11 umb Umbundu (M’bundo), Bailoundou (Mbalundu), Bihe, Hanya, Nano, Ovimbundu, South Mbundu, Mbali (R103, Kimbari, Olumbali30) Hambly 1934; Jaspert and Jaspert 1930; Lopes Cardoso 1966
R10: Umbundu group R12 ndq Ndombe (Dombe, Bandombe, Mondome) Ferreira Diniz 1918
R10: Umbundu group R13 nyk Nyaneka (Nhaneca, Lunyaneka), Mwila (Olumuila, Huila, Muila), Ngambwe (Olungambwe) Lang and Tastevin 1937
R10: Umbundu group R14 khu Khumbi (Lun’cumbi, Lunkumbi, Ngumbi, Nkhumbi, Nkumbi), Ndongwena (R215), Kwankwa (R216) Estermann 1979; Nogueira 1885; Lusakalalu 2001
R20: Wambo group R21 kua Kwanyama (Kuanyama), Kafima (R211), Evale (R212), Northeastern Wambo Baucom 1972
R20: Wambo group R214 lnb Mbalanhu, Dombondola (R217), Mbandja (R213, Mbadja), Esinga (R218) Fourie 1997; Baucom 1972
R20: Wambo group R22 ndo Ndonga (Oshindonga), South-Eastern Wambo Baucom 1972
R20: Wambo group R23 kwm Kwambi, South-Central Wambo Baucom 1972
R20: Wambo group R24 nne Ngandjera (Ngandyera), Kwaluudhi (R241), Kolonkhadi (R242), Eunda (R242, Oshiunda) Baucom 1972
R30: Herero group R101 olu Kuvale (Kuroka), Kwisi (R102) Jordan 2015
R30: Herero group R31A,B,R312 her Herero (Otjiherero), Central Herero (R31A), Mbandieru (R31B, Mbanderu, East Herero), Botswana Herero (R312, Mahalapye Herero) Andersson and Janson 1997; Möhlig 2009
R30: Herero group R311 dhm North-West Herero, Kaokoland Herero, Dhimba (Zemba, Zimba), Tjimba Herero, Tjimba-Tjimba, Himba Kunkel and Cameron 2002; Malan 1974
R40: Yeyi group R41A,B yey Yei (Yeyi, Shiyei), “Kuba,” Bayeye, Ciyei, East Caprivi Yeyi (R41A), Ngamiland Yeyi (R41B) Larson 1992; Seidel 2008
S10: Shona group S11 twl Shona, Korekore, Tavara (Tawala), Shangwe, Budya, Gova Doke 1931
S10: Shona group S12, S14 sna Shona, Zezuru (S12, Shawasha, Harava, Hera), Karanga (S14, Duma, Govera, Jena, Nyubi) Doke 1931
S10: Shona group S13 mxc Manyika (Bamanyeka, Chimanyika), Bocha (Boka), Guta, Jindwi, Hungwe Doke 1931; Fortune 2004
S10: Shona group S13 twx Tewe (Teve), Chiute (Ciute, Ciutee) Fortune 2004; Doke 1931
S10: Shona group S15 ndc Ndau (Chindau, “Sofala”), Garwe, Danda, Shanga, Xinyai Mkanganwi 1972; Doke 1931
S10: Shona group S16A,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L kck Kalanga (Ikalanga, West Shona), Lilima (S16C, S16K, Humba, Humbe, Limima, Peri), Nyai (S16D, Abanyai, Banyai, Rozvi, Wanyai), Lemba (S16E, Remba), Lembethu (S16F, Rembethu), Twamamba (S16G, Xwamamba), Pfumbi (S16H), Jawunda (S16I), Romwe (S16J), Talahundra (S16L) Wentzel 1983; Doke 1931
S10: Shona group S16B nmq Nambya (Nambzva) Hachipola 1998; Borland 1984
S10: Shona group - dmx Dema Hachipola 1998
S20: Venda group S21 ven Venda (Central Venda), Phani (S21A), Ilafuri (S21B, West Venda),Manda (S21C, Central Venda), Mbedzi (S21D, East Venda),Tavhatsindi (S21E), Ronga (S21F, South-East Venda) Mulaudzi 2010
S30: Sotho-Tswana group S31 tsn Tswana (Setswana, Sechwana), Central Tswana (S31a, Rolong, Ngwaketse), East Tswana (S31b, Kgatla, Tlokwa), North Tswana (S31c, Tawana, Ngwato, Kwena), South Tswana (S31E, Thlaping, Thlaro) Malepe 1966; Schapera 1952
S30: Sotho-Tswana group S311 (= S31d) xkv Kgalagadi (Kgalagarhi, Kgalagari, Qhalaxarzi) Kalasi 2003; Krüger and de Plessis 1977
S30: Sotho-Tswana group S32 nso Northern Sotho (Sesotho sa Leboa), Pedi (S32a, Sepedi, Masemola, Tau, Komi, Transvaal Sotho), Lobedu (S32b, Kgaga), Gananwa (S32C, Xananwa, Hananwa), Kopa (S32D, Ndebele-Sotho), Eastern Sotho (Kutswe S302, Pai S303, Pulana S304), Phalaborwa (S301) Doke 1954; Ziervogel 1954
S30: Sotho-Tswana group S32E brl Birwa (S32E, Sebirwa, Virwa) Batibo 1998; Andersson and Janson 1997: 41-42
S30: Sotho-Tswana group S32F two Tswapong (Setswapong) van Wyk 1969; Batibo 1998
S30: Sotho-Tswana group S33 sot Southern Sotho (Sesotho, Sisutho) Jacottet 1927: i-xiii
S40: Nguni group S407 nbl South Ndebele (Isindebele, Nrebele), Ndzundza (Isindundza), Southern South African Ndebele, Southern Transvaal Ndebele Skhosana 2009
S40: Nguni group S408 - Northern Transvaal Ndebele, Mbo, Moledlhana, Langa, Lidwaba, Sumayela Ndebele, Northern South African Ndebele Ziervogel 1959
S40: Nguni group S41 xho Xhosa (Isixhosa, “Kaffir”), Mpondo (S41A, Pondo), Xesibe (S41B), Bomwana (S41C), Gaika (S41D), Gcaleka (S41E), Thembu (S41F), Mpondomise (S41G), Ndlambe (S41H), Hlubi (S403), Hlubi-Ciskei (S41I) Mzamane 1962; Cantrell 1946; Ownby 1985
S40: Nguni group S42 zul Zulu (Isizulu), KwaZulu-Natal Zulu (S42A), Transvall Zulu (S42B), Qwabe (S42C), Cele (S42D), Ngoni of Malawi (N121), Bhaca (S402, Baca), Lala, Ingwavuma, Lala (S406, North Lala, South Lala), Old Mfengu (S401, Fingo) Ownby 1985; van Dyk 1960; Miti 1996
S40: Nguni group S43 ssw Swati (Swazi, Siswati), Ngwane, Nhlangwini (S405), Phuthi (S404) Ownby 1985; Mzamane 1948
S40: Nguni group S44 nde Ndebele of Zimbabwe (Sindebele, Ndebele, Tebele) Ownby 1985
S50: Tswa-Rhonga group S51 tsc Tswa (Xitswa), Dzibi (S51A), Dzonga (S51B), Hlengwe (S511, Khambana-Makwakwe, Khambani, Lengwe, Lhengwe, Makwakwe-Khambana, Shilengwe) Persson 1932
S50: Tswa-Rhonga group S52/53 tso Tsonga (Songa, Thonga, Tonga, Tsonga), Changana (Xichangana, Shangaan, Shangana), Xiluleke (S53A, Mhinga, Makuleke), N’walungu (S53B, Shingwalungu), Hlave (S53C), Nkuna (S53D), Gwamba (S53E (=S52), Gwapa), Nhlanganu (S53F, Shihlanganu), Djonga (S53G, Jonga), Bila (S53H) Baumbach 1970
S50: Tswa-Rhonga group S54 rng Ronga (Gironga, Shironga), Landim (Landina), Konde, Xonga Baumbach 1970
S60: Copi group S61 cce Copi (Chopi, Cicopi, Shichopi, Txopi), Lenge (S611, Xilenge, Lengue, Kilenge) Bailey 1976; Lanham 1955
S60: Copi group S62 toh Tonga (Gitonga), Shengwe

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald (2019). An inventory of Bantu languages. In: Mark Van de Velde, Koen Bostoen, Derek Nurse, and Gérard Philippson eds.). The Bantu languages, 17-78. ISBN 9781138799677.
[edit]
  • Guthrie's 1948 classification, in detail, with each language numbered
  • Maho 2009. Guthrie 1971, in detail, with subsequent additions, corrections, and corresponding ISO codes as of Ethnologue 15. Coding conventions are explained in Nurse & Philippson (2003). They are (with invented examples):
    A capital letter is added for an additional dialect of an existing language. That is, A15C would be a dialect of language A15 in addition to Guthrie's dialects A15a and A15b.
    A third digit is added for an additional language. If its closest relative can be identified, the digit is added to that code. That is, A151 would be a non-Guthrie language closest to Guthrie's A15.
    If a close relative has not been identified, the digit is added to the decade code. That is, A101 would be a language geographically in group A10, but not particularly close to any of Guthrie's A10 languages, or not known well enough to further classify.
    Pidgins and creoles are indicated by adding a capital letter to the decade code. That is, A10A would be a pidgin or creole based on a language in group A10.