List of people executed in Florida (pre-1972)
The following is a list of people executed by the U. S. state of Florida (or in Florida prior to statehood) before 1972, when capital punishment was briefly abolished by the Supreme Court's ruling in Furman v. Georgia. For people executed by Florida after capital punishment was restored by the Supreme Court's ruling in Gregg v. Georgia (1976), see List of people executed in Florida.[1][2]
Colonial period
[edit]The following persons were executed under British rule (1763-1783):
- Hannon, a white male, hanged in St. Augustine in 1769. Hannon, a mason, had killed his wife and child after she came to the city with his brother from New York but Hannon had become "familiar with another woman"; Hannon's brother forced him to acknowledge his marital status, however, after which he killed her.[3]
- A male "cracker", presumably white, hanged in St. Augustine on January 16, 1769. He and a fellow "cracker" met the son of a Creek warrior named Nipke on the St. Johns River, killed him, and took his property. Governor Grant, upon learning of this, had both arrested and brought to St. Augustine, where both were tried and the one executed for the act to avoid "the bad consequences of such outrages".[4]
- Charles Holmes and Innis Hooper, both white males, hanged in Pensacola in May 1774. Holmes and Hooper had robbed a boat on the Mississippi and killed its five crew (three Frenchmen and two blacks).[5]
Hanging (1822-1923)
[edit]In 1822, the Legislative Council declared murder, rape, and arson to be capital crimes. During this period, executions were carried out by hanging locally in the county where the defendants were convicted. From 1847 to 1872, executions were required to be public, but were mostly moved to jail facilities afterwards. County sheriffs were also required to act as executioners.[6]
1822-1845
[edit]Name | Race | Age | Date of execution | Location | Crime | Victim | Governor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
John Carral | White | January 27, 1826 | Marianna, Jackson | Murder | Elvira Northrop, white[7] | Duval | |
Benjamin Donica | White | June 20, 1827 | Pensacola, Escambia[8] | Murder | Saunders Donoho, white[8] | ||
Edward Sinclair | White | August 28, 1828 | St. Augustine, St. Johns | Murder | John Stafford, white[9] | ||
Andrew Crail | White | March 30, 1829 | Pensacola, Escambia | Murder | Anne Walker, white[10][11] | ||
Norman Sherwood | White | December 10, 1830 | Key West, Monroe[12] | Murder | John Wilson, white[12] | ||
Robert Breen | White | December 20, 1833 | Pensacola, Escambia[13] | Murder | Peter Alba, white (mayor)[13][14] | ||
Waters | White | December 19, 1835 | Jacksonville, Duval | Murder | No information[15] | Eaton | |
Samuel Right | White | June 12, 1837 | St. Augustine, St. Johns | Murder | No information[16] | Call | |
Henry | Black | December 28, 1838 | Pensacola, Escambia | Murder | Dr. John Parker, white (owner)[17] | ||
Lewis | Black | ||||||
Unknown | White | April 10, 1840 | Pensacola, Escambia | Mutiny | N/A[18] | Reid | |
James Grier | White | June 1, 1842 | Newnansville, Alachua | Murder | No information[19] | Call | |
Chandler Hastings | White | ||||||
Thomas Horan | White | March 1842 | Tallahassee, Leon | Murder | No information[20] | ||
George Everhart | White | June 16, 1843 | St. Marks, Wakulla[21] | Murder | Female, white (wife)[21][22] |
1845-1861
[edit]No. | Name | Race | Age | Date of execution | Location | Crime | Victim | Governor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alvin Flowers | White | October 2, 1846[23] | Quincy, Gadsden[23] | Murder-Mail Robbery[23] | Male, white (mail driver)[23] | Moseley | |
2 | John Black | White | ||||||
3 | Thomas Smith | White | ||||||
4 | Unknown | White | ||||||
5 | Unknown | White | ||||||
6 | Charles Holeman | White | ||||||
7 | Multiple unknowns | White | 1848 | Tallahassee, Leon | Slave Stealing | No information[24] | ||
8 | Celia | Black | September 22, 1848 | Jacksonville, Duval | Murder[a] | Jacob Bryan, white (owner)[25] | ||
9 | Thomas Holten | White | 18 | December 1848 | Jefferson County | Murder | Stafford, white[26] | |
10 | Simon | Black | December 1848 | Monticello, Jefferson[27] | Murder | No information[27] | ||
11 | Green | Black | December 1, 1848 | Quincy, Gadsden | Murder | Andrew, black[28] | ||
12 | Arnold | Black | 1850 | Blountstown, Calhoun | Murder | Widow Burgess, white (owner)[29] | Brown | |
13 | Redding Evans | White | 1850 | Jefferson County | Slave Stealing[30] | Rose, black (lover)[30] | ||
14 | Abram | Black | June 11, 1852 | Columbia County | Murder | No information[31] | ||
15 | Joe | Black | December 16, 1853 | Calhoun County | Murder | No information[32] | Broome | |
16 | Simon | Black | October 1856 | Alachua County | Attempted Murder | No information[33] | ||
17 | Jack | Black | December 12, 1856 | Santa Rosa County | Rape | No information[34] | ||
18 | George Buckley | White | December 16, 1859 | Tampa, Hillsborough | Murder | George Goodwin, white (father-in-law)[35] | Perry | |
19 | Allen | Black | 1860 | Ocala, Marion | Murder | Dr. William Keitt, white[36] | ||
20 | Lewis | Black | February 1860 | Ocala, Marion | Murder | Dr. William Keitt, white[37] | ||
21 | Ferdinand McGaskill | White | October 12, 1860 | Pensacola, Escambia | Murder | George Young, possibly black[38][39] |
Civil War
[edit]The following hangings took place from January 10, 1861 to June 25, 1868, when Florida seceded to the Confederacy during the Civil War.
No. | Name | Race | Age | Date of execution | Location | Crime | Victim(s) | Governor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22 | John Ammons | White | 26 | 1861 or 1862 | Cerrogordo, Holmes | Murder | Samuel McQuage, white[40] | Milton |
23 | George Andrews | White | February 13, 1861 | Sumter County | Murder | McHenry and Condray, both white[41] | ||
24-25 | Two unknowns | Black | May 15, 1861 | Jacksonville, Duval | Murder | Richard Plumber, white[42] | ||
26 | James Thompson | White | February 7, 1864 | Fernandina, Nassau | Desertion | N/A[43] | ||
27 | James Wilson | White | ||||||
28 | Lloyd Cook | ? | February 18, 1864 | Jacksonville, Duval | ? | No information[44] | ||
29 | Smith | ? | ||||||
30 | Peter Goodrich | ? | February 27, 1864 | Fernandina, Nassau | ? | No information[45] | ||
31 | Henry Miller | White | April 17, 1864 | Jacksonville, Duval | Desertion | N/A[46] | ||
32 | Barney Gibbons | ? | August 12, 1864 | Jacksonville, Duval | ? | No information[47] | ||
33 | Henry Hamilton | Black | 23 | November 4, 1864 | Key West, Monroe | Mutiny | N/A[48] | |
34 | Darius Stokes | Black | December 16, 1864 | Key West, Monroe | Murder | No information[49] | ||
35 | J. R. Brannon | White | March 25, 1865 | Tallahassee, Leon | Desertion-Sabotage | N/A[50] | ||
36 | William Strickland | White | ||||||
37 | Craig Allen | Black | December 1, 1865 | Fernandina, Nassau | Mutiny | N/A[51] | Allison | |
38 | Joseph Grien | Black | ||||||
39 | Thomas Plowder | Black | ||||||
40 | Gabe Ziegler | Black | November 2, 1866 | Quincy, Gadsden[52] | Murder | Jesse Dickson, white (Quincy city marshal)[52] | Walker | |
41 | Lewis Ziegler | Black | ||||||
42 | Sam Ziegler | Black | ||||||
43 | Old Booker[52] | Black | ||||||
44 | Guilford Register | White | 18 | April 19, 1867 | Palatka, Putnam[53] | Murder | William Stevens, white (Putnam County sheriff)[54] |
1868-1923
[edit]No. | Name | Race | Age | Date of execution | Location | Crime | Victim(s) | Governor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
45 | Abraham King | Black | June 11, 1869[b] | Madison, Madison | Murder | Jacob Davis, white[55] | Reed | |
46 | Turner Woods | Black | July 3, 1869 | Madison, Madison | Murder | Jacob Davis, white[56] | ||
47 | John Freeman | ? | November 19, 1869 | Santa Rosa County | Murder | Andrew Miller, race unknown[57] | ||
48 | William Scott | White | October 27, 1871[58] | Jacksonville, Duval[59] | Murder-Robbery | Rosa Carlin and two young daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Fagan, all white[59] | ||
49 | Robert Brown | ? | May 17, 1872 | Marion County | Murder | No information[60] | ||
50 | Moses Greene | ? | ||||||
51 | Andrew Spright | ? | ||||||
52 | Jason Jackson | Black | December 27, 1872 | Fernandina, Nassau | Murder | Male, white[61] | ||
53 | Marshall Morris | Black | February 21, 1873 | Jefferson County | Murder | John Jones, race unknown[62] | Hart | |
54 | Lemuel Hughes | ? | December 26, 1873 | Hernando County | Murder | Dennis Mayo, race unknown[63] | ||
55 | William Keen | White | February 27, 1874 | Jacksonville, Duval[64] | Murder-Robbery | William Valentine, white[64] | ||
56 | Jack Johnson | Black | March 26, 1875 | Jacksonville, Duval | Murder | William Moses, white[65] | Stearns | |
57 | James Munroe | Black | May 14, 1875 | Gainesville, Alachua[66] | Murder | Mrs. Smith, white[66] | ||
58 | Lloyd Brown | Black | February 4, 1876 | Duval County | Murder | Elsie Brown, black (wife)[67] | ||
59 | James Rawls | White | March 1, 1878 | Levy County | Murder | Thomas McNair, white[68] | Drew | |
60 | Samuel Godwin | Black | March 29, 1878 | Live Oak, Suwannee | Murder | Male, black[69] | ||
61 | Samuel Johnson | Black | May 24, 1878 | Escambia County | Murder-Rape | |||
62 | Wiley Smith | Black | January 9, 1880 | Hamilton County | Murder | Washington Jenkins, race unknown[70] | ||
63 | Mack Hendricks | ? | May 28, 1880 | Madison County | Murder | Solomon Woodfield, race unknown[71] | ||
64 | Henry Stokes | ? | July 23, 1880 | Orange County | Murder | Lovely Glisson, race unknown[72] | ||
65 | Andrew Fell | Black | 40 | April 22, 1881 | Monticello, Jefferson[73] | Murder | Mr. J. Whitaker, white[73] | Bloxham |
66 | Benjamin Bird | Black | August 12, 1881 | Duval County | Murder | Joe Nelson, black (policeman)[74] | ||
67 | Henry Metzgar[75] | White[76] | October 3, 1881[75] | Titusville, Brevard[75] | Murder | Moore, white[77][c] | ||
68 | Merrick Johnson | Black | August 4, 1882 | Fernandina, Nassau[78] | Murder | John Thomas, white[78] | ||
69 | Harrison Carter | Black | August 4, 1882 | Jacksonville, Duval[78] | Murder | Lewis Adams, black[78] | ||
70 | William Bryan | ? | August 25, 1882 | Madison, Madison | ? | No information[79] | ||
71 | John Lee | Black | May 4, 1883 | Alachua County | Murder | C. P. Crockett, white[80] | ||
72 | Jose Recio[81] | Black[d] | June 13, 1884 | Key West, Monroe[82] | Murder | Male, Hispanic[81][e] | ||
73 | Joe Williams | ? | December 19, 1884 | Holmes County | Murder | No information[83] | ||
74 | Noah Taylor | Black | 24 | January 2, 1885 | Marion County | Murder | Jake Grambling, white (deputy sheriff)[84] | |
75 | James Walker | Black | April 30, 1886 | St. Augustine, St. Johns | Murder | Charles Harper, black[85] | Perry | |
76 | Joseph Drayton | Black | June 5, 1886 | Orange County | Murder | Male, white (Kissimmee city marshal)[86] | ||
77 | Arthur Williams | Black | Murder-Rape | |||||
78 | John Hardy | Black | 70 | July 15, 1886 | Gainesville, Alachua | Murder | Ned Brown, black[87] | |
79 | Major Robinson | Black | July 31, 1886 | Jacksonville, Duval | Rape | Female, race unknown[88] | ||
80 | Sherman Davis | White | August 12, 1886 | Brooksville, Hernando | Murder | Solomon Taylor, white[89] | ||
81 | Enoch Carter | Black | March 12, 1887 | Orlando, Orange | Murder | L. D. Beasley, white (police officer)[90] | ||
82 | Levy Peterson | Black | July 9, 1887 | Ocala, Marion | Murder-Robbery | Reuben Stark, white[91] | ||
83 | Henry Wiggins | Black | 20 | July 23, 1887 | Palatka, Putnam[92] | Murder | W. P. Porter, white[93] | |
84 | William Cooper | ?[f] | July 30, 1887 | Key West, Monroe | Murder | Liverpool Bain and George Hudson, both black[94] | ||
85 | Jeff Lowe | Black | 23 | February 28, 1888 | Pensacola, Escambia | Murder | Henry Smith, white[95] | |
86 | Alexander Jones Jr. | Black | April 28, 1888 | Tallahassee, Leon | Murder | George Cuthbert, black[96][g] | ||
87 | George Pritchett | Black | June 23, 1888 | Fernandina, Nassau | Murder-Robbery | Henry Fusher, 60, black[97] | ||
88 | Unknown | ? | 1889 | Hernando County | ? | No information[98] | Perry or Fleming | |
89 | William Gaskins | Black | August 1, 1889 | DeLand, Volusia[99] | Murder | Female, black (wife)[100] | Fleming | |
90 | Bill Westmoreland | Black | 25 | August 15, 1889 | Jacksonville, Duval[101] | Murder | Annie Westmoreland, black (wife)[101] | |
91 | Rivers Love | ? | April 12, 1890 | Madison County | Murder | Thomas Brawell, white[102] | ||
92 | Kelly Stewart | Black | July 31, 1890 | Live Oak, Suwannee[103] | Murder | John Hawkins, white[103][104] | ||
93 | Napoleon White | Black | September 23, 1890 | Tallahassee, Leon | Murder | No information[105] | ||
94 | Monroe Clark | Black | December 31, 1890 | Putnam County | Murder | No information[106] | ||
95 | Richard White | Black | March 12, 1891 | Tallahassee, Leon | Murder | George Hudson, race unknown[107] | ||
96 | Matt Armstead | Black | 19 | May 5, 1891 | Quincy, Gadsden | Murder | Charles Armstead, black (father)[108] | |
97 | Daniel Killens | Black | January 21, 1892 | Orlando, Orange | Murder | Margaret Welton, black[109] | ||
98 | Preston Nighton | Black | November 8, 1893 | Milton, Santa Rosa | Murder | Alice Blake, black (mistress)[110] | Mitchell | |
99 | John Tharp | Black | December 20, 1893 | Apalachicola, Franklin | Murder | George Knight, race unknown[111] | ||
100 | Ed Dalsy | Black | January 11, 1894 | Ocala, Marion | Murder | Binnocker, white (deputy sheriff)[112] | ||
101 | Johnnie Williams | Black | January 25, 1894 | Ocala, Marion | Murder | N. A. Chandler, white[113] | ||
102 | Jerry Olive | White | September 19, 1894 | Marianna, Jackson | Murder | Molly Olive, white (wife)[114] | ||
103 | Alexander Simms | Black | July 9, 1895 | Jacksonville, Duval | Murder | Ed Minor, white (policeman)[115] | ||
104 | Henry Brown | Black | July 17, 1895 | Live Oak, Suwannee | Murder | Henry Ryberg, white[116] | ||
105 | George Mitchell | Black | August 2, 1895 | Live Oak, Suwannee | Murder | Henry Ryberg, white[117] | ||
106 | Grant Griffin | Black | April 10, 1895 | Gainesville, Alachua | Murder | William Tibbs, black[118] | ||
107 | Joseph Norton | White | September 3, 1895 | Jasper, Hamilton | Murder | James Denmark, white[119] | ||
108 | Mike Stevens | Black | September 18, 1895 | Live Oak, Suwannee[120] | Murder | Henry Ryberg, white[120] | ||
109 | William Lattimer | Black/White[121] | 20[121] | January 13, 1897 | Ocala, Marion[122] | Murder | Greenlee, white[121] | Bloxham |
110 | Albert Gunn | Black | September 2, 1897 | Inverness, Citrus[123] | Murder | Jeff Scott, black[124][125][h] | ||
111 | Robert Henry | Black | September 2, 1897 | Jacksonville, Duval | Murder | Female, black (wife)[126] | ||
112 | Sylvanus Johnson | Black | September 13, 1897 | Key West, Monroe[127] | Rape | Female, white[127] | ||
113 | Enoch Doyle | Black | September 16, 1897 | Jacksonville, Duval | Rape | Priscilla Youmans, black[128] | ||
114 | General Hollens | Black | December 10, 1897 | Green Cove Springs, Clay | Murder | Mary Hollens, black (wife)[129] | ||
115 | Harry Singleton | Black | January 8, 1898[130] | Tampa, Hillsborough[130] | Murder | Jack McCormick, white (Tampa policeman)[130] | ||
116 | Richard James | Black | February 18, 1898 | Gainesville, Alachua | Murder | Sallie James, black[131] | ||
117 | Edward Heinson | Black | July 6, 1898 | Jacksonville, Duval | Rape | No information[132] | ||
118 | Babe Redford | Black | July 10, 1898 | Bronson, Levy | Murder | Henry Hayes, black[133] | ||
119 | Jonah Green | Black | January 11, 1899 | Milton, Santa Rosa | Murder | Sally Brown, black[134] | ||
120 | George Canty | ? | March 17, 1899 | Tallahassee, Leon | Murder | Jack Holloway, race unknown[135] | ||
121 | Sherman Copeland | Black | November 9, 1899 | Orlando, Orange | Murder | Mary Cook, 22, black[136] | ||
122 | Wayman King | Black | 38 | March 9, 1900 | Pensacola, Escambia[137] | Murder | Victoria Watkins, white[138] | |
123 | Frank Williams | Black | July 13, 1900 | Apalachicola, Franklin | Murder | Bryant Denham, black[139] | ||
124 | Will Wright | Black | August 10, 1900 | Tallahassee, Leon | Murder | No information[140] | ||
125 | William McIver | ? | August 17, 1900 | Wakulla County | Murder | Randolph Connors, race unknown[141] | ||
126 | Pressley Callahan | Black | October 12, 1900 | Citrus County | Murder | William Everett, race unknown[142] | ||
127 | Joseph Henderson | Black | 17 | March 29, 1901 | Titusville, Brevard | Murder | C. Burke, white[143] | Jennings |
128 | John Simmons | Black | July 5, 1901 | Vernon, Washington[144] | Murder | Jeff Davis, black[144] | ||
129 | Belton Hamilton | Black | ||||||
130 | Jim Harrison | Black | ||||||
131 | William Williams | Black | ||||||
132 | James Faison | Black | July 5, 1901 | Dade County | Murder | John Saddlers, black[145] | ||
133 | James Kirby | Black[146] | August 2, 1901 | St. Augustine, St. Johns[146] | Murder | Julius Eskew, white[146] | ||
134 | Robert Lee | Black[146] | Accessory to Murder | |||||
135 | James Mercer | White | August 23, 1901 | Tampa, Hillsborough[147] | Rape | Jessie Taylor, 9, white[148] | ||
136 | Will Jones | Black | November 8, 1901 | Madison, Madison[149] | Murder | Three persons, one white and two race unknown[149] | ||
137 | T. J. Hampton | Black | December 6, 1901 | Lake City, Columbia[150] | Murder | Sessom Calhoun and John Bell, both white[151][i] | ||
138 | Hampton Wynn | Black | January 24, 1902 | Marianna, Jackson[152] | Murder-Robbery[152] | Male, black[152] | ||
139 | Henry Wilson | Black | April 4, 1902 | Sumterville, Sumter[153] | Murder | Lee Graham, 21, white[153] | ||
140 | Moses Roberson | Black | April 4, 1902 | Jacksonville, Duval[154] | Murder | Dennis Jenkins, black (deputy sheriff)[154] | ||
141 | Frank Richardson | Black | July 18, 1902 | Green Cove Springs, Clay | Rape | Female, black[155] | ||
142 | Walter Lanier | ? | August 1, 1902 | Quincy, Gadsden | Murder | Lizzie Bell, race unknown[156] | ||
143 | Thomas Faircloth | White | September 30, 1902 | Bronson, Levy[157] | Murder | Mr. and Mrs. L. B. Lewis, both white[157] | ||
144 | Theodore Smith | White | ||||||
145 | Richard Dedwilly | White | March 13, 1903 | Miami, Dade | Rape | Sarah Gould, white[158] | ||
146 | David Gamble | ? | April 3, 1903 | Dade County | Murder | David Burr, race unknown[159] | ||
147 | John Bright | White | April 10, 1903 | Miami, Dade | Murder | Lottie Hardeman, white[160] | ||
148 | William Kelly | Black | April 10, 1903 | Miami, Dade | Murder | Richard Hone, white[161] | ||
149 | John Brown | Black | April 23, 1903 | Fernandina, Nassau[162] | Murder | Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Johnson, both white[162] | ||
150 | Frank Robertson | Black | August 7, 1903 | Duval County | Murder | Sadler, white (deputy sheriff)[163] | ||
151 | Robert Outley | ? | September 4, 1903 | Citrus County | Murder | Barbery Outley, race unknown (wife)[164] | ||
152 | Jim Polight | Black | September 11, 1903 | Ocala, Marion | Murder | D. J. Beasley, white[165] | ||
153 | Charlie Miller | Black | March 4, 1904 | Monticello, Jefferson | Murder | Jerry Poppell, 28, white (constable)[166] | ||
154 | Fred Ewert | White | 19 | August 6, 1904 | Key West, Monroe[167] | Murder-Robbery | Frank Whitaker, white[167] | |
155 | Hampton Lee | Black | May 21, 1904 | Lake City, Columbia | Murder | Female, black (wife)[168] | ||
156 | Fred Cook | Black | July 21, 1905 | Ocala, Marion | Murder | Isaiah Pitts, white[169] | Broward | |
157 | Reuben Reed | Black | July 21, 1905 | Green Cove Springs, Clay[170] | Murder | Male, black[170][j] | ||
158 | Edward Lamb | White | October 27, 1905 | Bradentown, Manatee[171] | Murder | Christopher Kennedy, white[171] | ||
159 | Tom Spires | ? | October 27, 1905 | Marianna, Jackson | Rape | Florence Pope, race unknown[172] | ||
160 | Sam Edwards | Black | November 3, 1905 | Tallahassee, Leon[173] | Murder | N. W. Eppes, white (County superintendent of Public Instruction)[173] | ||
161 | Andrew Jackson | ? | February 9, 1906 | St. Johns County | Murder | Alice Jackson, race unknown[174] | ||
162 | Howard Sanford | ? | February 9, 1906 | Wakulla County | Murder | No information[175] | ||
163 | Nelson Larkins | Black | April 12, 1906 | Jacksonville, Duval | Murder | N. W. Eppes, white (County superintendent of Public Instruction)[176][k] | ||
164 | Edward Brown | Black | June 5, 1906 | Miami, Dade | Murder | Dora Suggs, 29, white[177] | ||
165 | John Faison | ? | June 5, 1906 | Liberty County | Murder | Herbert Johnson, race unknown[178] | ||
166 | Charles Walker | Black | June 5, 1906 | Fernandina, Nassau | Murder | Alex Eubanks, race unknown[179] | ||
167 | Albert Simmons | Black | 19 | June 26, 1906 | Arcadia, DeSoto[180] | Murder | Sallie Simmons and her two sons, 4 and 2 (sons), all black (aunt and cousins)[181] | |
168 | M. Thomas | Black | February 19, 1907 | Orange County | Murder | Elijah Sargent, black[182] | ||
169 | Jasper Edwards | White | February 27, 1907 | Fort Myers, Lee | Murder | Robert Carson, 24, white[183] | ||
170 | Ed Suber | Black | 28 | June 14, 1907 | Bradentown, Manatee | Murder | A. Corey, black (uncle)[184] | |
171 | Nathan Woodall | Black | 21 | June 14, 1907 | Milton, Santa Rosa | Murder | Walter Nowelling, white[185] | |
172 | Alfred Sargent | Black | June 15, 1907 | Jacksonville, Duval[186] | Murder-Robbery | John Skeels, race unknown[186] | ||
173 | Ben Cooper | Black | August 30, 1907 | Hernando County | Murder | Robert Ellison, white[187] | ||
174 | George Mitchell | Black | ||||||
175 | Walter Tyson | Black | ||||||
176 | Will Collier | Black | Murder | J. B. Garrison, white[188] | ||||
177 | Kett Holt | Black | September 27, 1907 | Milton, Santa Rosa[189] | Murder | No information[189] | ||
178 | Dock Mack | Black | November 8, 1907 | Jacksonville, Duval | Rape | Female, white[190] | ||
179 | Joe Brown | Black | December 13, 1907 | Fernandina, Nassau | Murder | Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Johnson, both white[191] | ||
180 | Charles Powell | Black | February 28, 1908 | St. Augustine, St. Johns | ? | No information[192] | ||
181 | W. N. Smith | ? | February 28, 1908 | Clay County | Murder | Julia Dunson, race unknown[193] | ||
182 | George Washington | Black | 20 | April 3, 1908 | Tampa, Hillsborough | Murder | Eugene Gurley, black[194] | |
183 | Charley Robinson | ? | July 31, 1908 | Quincy, Gadsden | Murder | Martha Robinson, race unknown[195] | ||
184 | Jesse Willis | Black | April 16, 1909 | Orlando, Orange | Murder | William Hammock, white[196] | Gilchrist | |
185 | Mose Daniels | ? | May 14, 1909 | Walton County | Murder | Jesse Jones, race unknown[197] | ||
186 | Will McFadden | Black | May 21, 1909 | Titusville, Brevard[198] | Rape | Mrs. D. M. Walters, white[198] | ||
187 | John Amonds | ? | May 28, 1909 | Citrus County | Murder | Lilla Nattiel, race unknown[199] | ||
188 | Walter Ledbetter | Black | June 4, 1909 | Jacksonville, Duval[200] | Murder-Robbery | Eliza and Emily Norman, both white[200] | ||
189 | Otis Smith | White | 32 | June 11, 1909 | Jacksonville, Duval[201] | Murder | Cora Bell Smith, white (sister)[201] | |
190 | George Hawkins | Black | July 2, 1909 | St. Augustine, St. Johns[202] | Murder | Charles Joseph, white[202] | ||
191 | Aaron Williams | Black | July 9, 1909 | St. Lucie County | Murder | James Patterson, black[203] | ||
192 | Albert Smith | Black | August 10, 1909 | Ocala, Marion[204] | Murder | Parson Draft, black[204] | ||
193 | Luke Thomas | Black | January 14, 1910 | Fernandina, Nassau | Murder | Mack Austin, black[205] | ||
194 | R. H. Owens[206] | White | January 14, 1910 | Gainesville, Alachua[206] | Murder | R. L. Smith, white[206][l] | ||
195 | Roland Flowers | Black | March 4, 1910 | Tampa, Hillsborough[207] | Rape | Jane Ellerbee, 50-60, white[207] | ||
196 | Duke Thomas | Black | March 11, 1910 | Marianna, Jackson | Murder | C. W. Wilson, race unknown[208] | ||
197 | Robert Dekle | ? | March 18, 1910 | Polk County | Murder | Archie Warren, race unknown[209] | ||
198 | Irving Hanchett | White | 15 | May 6, 1910 | DeLand, Volusia[210] | Murder | Clevie Tedder, 13, white (female)[211] | |
199 | George Fields | Black | June 25, 1910 | West Palm Beach, Palm Beach[212] | Murder | A. L. Savage, white[212] | ||
200 | Edward Sims | ? | June 30, 1910 | Polk County | Murder | Martin Redd, race unknown[213] | ||
201 | Brooks Foley | Black | July 29, 1910 | Gainesville, Alachua[214] | Rape | Female, black[214][215] | ||
202 | Lawrence Dargan | Black | August 19, 1910 | Putnam County | Murder | Female, black (wife)[216] | ||
203 | Derry Taft | Black | 27 | October 18, 1910[217] | Tampa, Hillsborough[218] | Murder | Female, black (wife)[218] | |
204 | James Green | Black | January 27, 1911 | Jacksonville, Duval[219] | Murder | Edward Scriven, black[219] | ||
205 | Joe Curry | ? | January 31, 1911 | Monticello, Jefferson | Murder | Jim Horton, race unknown[220] | ||
206 | Letten Parker | Black | April 30, 1911 | St. Augustine, St. Johns | Murder | No information[221] | ||
207 | William Walker | Black | July 14, 1911 | Jacksonville, Duval[222] | Murder | Solomon Osterman, white[222] | ||
208 | Edgar Youmans | Black | December 1, 1911 | Palatka, Putnam[223] | Murder | Walter Polite, black[224][223] | ||
209 | Will McCoy | Black | Murder | Arnita Faison, black[224][223] | ||||
210 | Dave Turner | Black/Native[225] | February 16, 1912 | Ocala, Marion[225] | Murder | Female, black[225] | ||
211 | Henry Richards | Black | February 16, 1912 | Volusia County | Murder | |||
212 | Silas Burney | ? | April 26, 1912 | Taylor County | Murder | J. J. Rouse, race unknown[226] | ||
213 | Will Alexander | White | 24 | May 3, 1912 | Jacksonville, Duval[227] | Murder | Jack Sumner, white[227] | |
214 | Henry Horee | ? | May 10, 1912 | Perry, Taylor[228] | ? | No information[228] | ||
215 | Tom White | Black | May 31, 1912 | St. Augustine, St. Johns[229] | Murder | Simon Silverstein, white[229][m] | ||
216 | Eugene Baxter | Black | ||||||
217 | Steve Johnson | Black | Murder | George Williams, black[230][n] | ||||
218 | Abe Middleton | Black | June 7, 1912 | Green Cove Springs, Clay | Murder | Robert West, white[231] | ||
219 | George Watkins | ? | September 6, 1912 | St. Lucie County | Rape | No information[232] | ||
220 | Fortune Perry | Black | September 27, 1912[233] | Gainesville, Alachua[233] | Murder | Charles Slaughter, white (Deputy sheriff)[233][o] | ||
221 | Caine Perry | Black | ||||||
222 | Robert Anderson | Black | 29 | November 23, 1912 | Tampa, Hillsborough[234] | Murder | Maria Rodriquez, white[234][235][p] | |
223 | Walter Kirby | ? | January 22, 1913 | Bartow, Polk | Rape | Llewella Ellen Tuner, white[236][q] | Trammell | |
224 | J. J. Johnson | Black | January 25, 1913 | Ocala, Marion | Rape | Female, white[237] | ||
225 | Jake Williams | Black | April 4, 1913 | Tavares, Lake[238] | Murder | C. C. Line, white[238] | ||
226 | Tom Bush | Black | May 21, 1913 | Pasco County | Murder | Hoyt Houston and wife, both black[239] | ||
227 | Hersey Mitchell | Black | July 23, 1913 | Bradford County | Murder | |||
228 | Sam Hurd | Black | January 30, 1914 | Gainesville, Alachua | Murder | W. H. Mahaffey, black[240] | ||
229 | Tom Williams | Black | February 6, 1914 | Palatka, Putnam | Murder-Rape | Vallie Moore, 14, black (stepdaughter)[241] | ||
230 | Bennie Henson | White | March 13, 1914 | Tampa, Hillsborough[242] | Murder | Female, white (wife)[242] | ||
231 | Clarence Daly | White | April 10, 1914 | Miami, Dade[243] | Rape | Female, 80, white[243][r] | ||
232 | Joseph Brown | Black | July 3, 1914 | Miami, Dade | Murder | Charles Standford, black[244] | ||
233 | Lonnie Rowland | Black | 26 | January 22, 1915 | Jacksonville, Duval[245] | Murder | Napoleon Hagan, white (policeman)[245] | |
234 | Wilson Reeves | Black | February 5, 1915 | Brevard County | Murder | Estella Lapine, race unknown[246] | ||
235 | Jesse Hill | Black | February 12, 1915 | Brevard County | Rape | Alice Naydo, 59, white[247] | ||
236 | Clyde Stover | Black | June 12, 1915 | Palatka, Putnam[248] | Murder | Horace and Alonso Gardner, both white[249] | ||
237 | Shelby Wise | Black | July 2, 1915 | West Palm Beach, Palm Beach | Murder | Claude Brown, 26, white[250] | ||
238 | John Wade | Black | August 13, 1915 | Tampa, Hillsborough[251] | Rape | Female, white[251] | ||
239 | Ed Maddox | Black | August 20, 1915 | Pensacola, Escambia[252] | Murder | Charles Crooks, white[252] | ||
240 | Emmett Thomas | Black | 30+[252][s] | Murder | Female, black (wife)[252] | |||
241 | Ebenezer Tobin | Black | 44[253] | October 22, 1915[254] | Clearwater, Pinellas[253] | Murder | Edward Sherman, 55, white[254] | |
242 | Dock McDonald | Black | December 3, 1915 | Quincy, Gadsden | Murder | J. B. Bush, white (deputy sheriff)[255] | ||
243 | Pearl White | ? | December 31, 1915 | Bradford County | Murder | Clara Simmons, race unknown[256] | ||
244 | Zack Colson | Black | May 19, 1916 | Perry, Taylor | Murder-Robbery | J. H. Sheppard, white[257] | ||
245 | Arthur Jones | Black | ||||||
246 | Charles Haynes | Black | 60 | September 1, 1916 | Tampa, Hillsborough[258] | Murder | Joseph Walker, white (Port Tampa police marshal)[258][t] | |
247 | Walter Durham | ? | September 8, 1916 | Hamilton County | Murder | Rayford Royals, race unknown[259] | ||
248 | Will Turner | Black | October 20, 1916[260] | Gainesville, Alachua[260] | Murder | C. F. Avery, white[260] | ||
249 | William Miles | Black | July 11, 1917 | Bradenton, Manatee | Murder | Mrs. W. S. and Annie Edith Palmer, 6 months (Annie), both white[261] | Catts | |
250 | Clarence McKinney | Black | December 7, 1917 | Miami, Dade | Murder | Rev. James Bolton, 76, white[262] | ||
251 | Edgar London | ? | January 4, 1918 | Pasco County | Murder | Alberta London, race unknown (wife)[263] | ||
252 | Ed Mimbs | White | May 31, 1918 | Polk County | Murder-Robbery | Allan Bouie, white[264] | ||
253 | George Barrington | Black | June 14, 1918 | Quincy, Gadsden | Murder | J. M. Freeman, white (deputy sheriff)[265] | ||
254 | Dave Miller | Black | August 16, 1918 | DeSoto County | Murder | Isam Smith, black[266][u] | ||
255 | James Rice | Black | 25 | August 9, 1919 | Ocala, Marion | Murder | Joe Loy, Asian[267] | |
256 | Charlie Davis | Black | September 19, 1919 | Quincy, Gadsden | Murder | Forehand, white (sheriff)[268] | ||
257 | Claude Howell | Black | 34 | October 17, 1919 | Jacksonville, Duval | Murder | Charles Turknetton, white (police officer)[269] | |
258 | Henry Bradley | Black | Murder | Charles Carroll, white[270] | ||||
259 | John Smallwood | Black | December 5, 1919 | Quincy, Gadsden | Murder | Bessie Smallwood, black (wife)[271] | ||
260 | John Cason | Black | January 2, 1920 | Bronson, Levy | Murder | Isabelle Cason, black (wife)[272] | ||
261 | Robert Blackwell | White | July 23, 1920 | Crestview, Okaloosa[273] | Murder-Robbery | Bud and Nancy Davis, both white[274] | ||
262 | Hosie Poole | Black | July 30, 1920 | Pensacola, Escambia[275] | Murder | Albert Poole, black (brother)[275] | ||
263 | Tom Brown | Black | May 20, 1921 | Tampa, Hillsborough[276] | Murder-Robbery | Albert Chambers, 28, white[276] | Hardee | |
264 | John Wilson | ? | June 17, 1921 | Orlando, Orange | Murder | Emma Dyall, race unknown[277] | ||
265 | Putnam Ponsell | White | September 23, 1921 | Crestview, Okaloosa[278] | Murder-Robbery | John Tuggle, white[278] | ||
266 | Jake Martin | White | ||||||
270 | John Bowyer | Black | 23 | February 24, 1922 | Gainesville, Alachua | Murder | Robert Arnow, white (deputy sheriff)[279] | |
271 | Eugene Payne | ? | January 12, 1923 | Calhoun County | Murder | Primus Blakely, race unknown[280] | ||
272 | Percy Bayliss | Black | March 30, 1923 | Sanford, Seminole | Murder | Cleve Jacobs, white (Seminole County deputy)[281] | ||
273 | Nealey Augusta | White | April 27, 1923 | DeLand, Volusia | Murder | Alberta Augusta, white (wife)[282][v] | ||
274 | Arthur Johnson | Black | July 27, 1923 | Gainesville, Alachua[283] | Murder | H. C. Cross, white[283] | ||
275 | Lawrence Revels | White | November 23, 1923 | Tavares, Lake[284] | Murder | A female and a male, both white (wife and relative)[285][286][284][w] |
Electrocution (1924-1972)
[edit]In 1923, the state legislature passed a new laws switching the official execution method from hanging to electrocution. This new method required executions to be moved from local jails to a permanent execution chamber in state prison facilities. Despite an early challenge in July 1929 by the circuit court of Union County over the prison superintendent being named a secondary executioner (as he was not elected or appointed), the electrocution law was held up by the state supreme court in November 1930.[287] Sheriffs were still required to perform as primary executioners during this period until 1941, when a new law designated the state prison's first assistant engineer as the executioner.[6]
Although hanging had been abolished as an execution method, two more executions by hanging would occur during this period:
- Charlie Browne, a white male, was hanged at DeLand, Volusia for the murder of Howard Usher (also white) on April 18, 1927. Convicted in 1922 when hanging was still sole method of execution; Browne appealed his conviction after the introduction of the electrocution law and state court decided he would still be hanged.[288]
- James Alderman, a 50-year-old white male, was hanged under the martial authority of the Coast Guard in Broward County for shooting two persons on August 17, 1929.[1]
No. | Name | Race | Age | Date of execution | County | Crime | Victim(s) | Governor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Frank Johnson | Black | January 7, 1924 | Duval | Murder-Burglary | Atley Terrell, white[289] | Hardee | |
2 | J. C. Coachman | Black | May 6, 1925 | Manatee | Rape[290][x] | Irene Fostick, 7, black[291] | Martin | |
3 | Will Champion | Black | January 28, 1926 | Duval | Murder | Ethel Champion, black (wife)[292] | ||
4 | Roy Dunwood | Black | May 12, 1926 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | William Meade, white[293] | ||
5 | John Simmons | Black | May 18, 1926 | Duval | Rape | Female, white[294] | ||
6 | Harry Scrimm | White | 48 | May 25, 1926 | Dade | Rape | Harriett Melton, 3, white[295] | |
7 | Phillip Taylor | Black | October 28, 1926[296] | Dade | Murder | Mildred Taylor, black (wife)[297] | ||
8 | Willie Green | Black | November 23, 1926 | Dade | Murder-Robbery | George Attam, black[298] | ||
9 | Arthur Williams | Black | 36 | December 11, 1926 | Dade | Murder-Robbery | George Attam, black[298] | |
10 | Lloyd Salter | Black | 28[299][y] | March 1, 1927 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | Altafar Rahman, Turkish[300] | |
11 | Raymond Stone | Black | 26[299][z] | March 8, 1927 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | Altafar Rahman, Turkish[300] | |
12 | Rufus Chesser | White | 20 | March 23, 1927 | Clay | Murder | Lawrence Dilaberry and Sally Boyles, both white (brother-in-law and love interest)[301] | |
13 | Earl London | Black | April 7, 1927 | Polk | Murder | John Edward Harrelson, white (Polk County deputy sheriff)[302] | ||
14 | Fortune Ferguson | Black | 22[303] | April 27, 1927 | Alachua | Rape | Louise Patterson, 8 or 9, white[303][304][305] | |
15 | Benjamin Levins | White | 38 | November 22, 1927 | Hillsborough | Murder | Merrell family (five persons), all white[aa] | |
16 | Louis Thomas | White | November 29, 1927 | Pinellas | Murder | H. E. Blewfield, white (Tarpon Springs policeman)[306] | ||
17 | Thomas Costello | White | 31 | December 13, 1927 | Hillsborough | Murder-Robbery | Antonio Regueria, white[307] | |
18 | William Henderson | White | December 21, 1927 | Hillsborough | Murder-Robbery | Antonio Regueria, white[307] | ||
19 | Robert Pittman | Black | 26 | June 13, 1928 | Seminole | Murder | L. P. Hilton, white[308] | |
20 | William Vaughn | Black | August 28, 1928 | Duval | Murder | Bell Chapman, white (male)[309] | ||
21 | Melvin Johnson | Black | 26 | September 4, 1928 | Dade | Rape | Female, white[310] | |
22 | Paul Crumpler | Black | 29 | September 18, 1928 | Hillsborough | Rape | Female, white[311] | |
23 | James Turner | Black | 27 | September 25, 1928 | Calhoun | Murder | Kid Terrell, black[312][313] | |
24 | George Davis | Black | 25 | October 9, 1928 | Putnam | Murder-Robbery | Field George, white[314] | |
25 | Herbert Harvey | Black | 21 | October 23, 1928 | Baker | Murder | Erasmus and Emma Reich, both white[315][316][317] | |
26 | Roosevelt Kirkland | Black | October 30, 1928 | Baker | Murder | Erasmus and Emma Reich, both white[315][316][317] | ||
27 | Boss Funderburk | Black | March 19, 1930 | Franklin | Murder | Scott, white (Apalachicola policeman)[318] | Carlton | |
28 | Clayton Bell | Black | 26 | January 27, 1931 | Volusia | Murder | P. D. Edmunds, white[319] | |
29 | T. Southworth | White | 27 | February 12, 1931 | Palm Beach | Murder-Robbery | Horace Wells, white[320] | |
30 | Nathan Burton | White | 24 | February 24, 1931 | Alachua | Murder | Ellen Burton, 19, white (wife)[321] | |
31 | Robert McQuagge | White | 27 | May 27, 1931 | Jackson | Murder | Sennie Tayton, 45, white (mother-in-law)[322] | |
32 | John Graham | Black | June 18, 1931 | Marion | Rape | Female, 14, white[6] | ||
33 | Henry Johnson | Black | June 24, 1931 | Lake | Murder-Robbery | Anna Lawrence, white (Cassia postmaster)[323] | ||
34 | Jim Collins | Black | November 12, 1931 | Dade | Rape-Robbery | Vida Tabler, 10 or older, white[324][325] | ||
35 | Lee Jacobs | Black | 22 | March 26, 1932 | Marion | Rape | White, female[326] | |
36 | Giuseppe Zangara | White | 33 | March 20, 1933 | Dade | Murder | Anton Cermak, 59, white | Sholtz |
37 | Elvin Jeffcoat | White | 40 | March 24, 1933 | Pinellas | Murder | Fannie Jeffcoat, white (wife)[327] | |
38 | Norman Heidt | White | 26 | July 10, 1933 | Hillsborough | Murder-Robbery | Joe Johnson, white[328] | |
39 | Louis Leavine | White | 33 | |||||
40 | Victor Palmer | White | 26 | |||||
41 | Walter Williams | Black | 31 | January 8, 1934 | Dade | Rape | Laura Brawn, 54, white[329][330][331][ab] | |
42 | Fred Anderson | Black | 24 | January 22, 1935 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | Carl Schuman, 23, white[332] | |
43 | Thomas Jefferson | Black | 23 | |||||
44 | George Robinson | Black | 46 | February 25, 1935 | Seminole | Rape | Female, black[333][334] | |
45 | Herman Smith | White | 36 | April 5, 1935 | Orange | Murder | Jeneral Casteel, 54, white[335] | |
46 | Martin Jarvis | White | 36 | April 11, 1935 | Sarasota | Murder | Bertie Clements and Lacy Dyal, both white[336] | |
47 | Monroe Hasty | Black | 17 | September 16, 1935 | Volusia | Murder | Helena Loucakis, white[337] | |
48 | Lonnie Green | Black | 32 | January 7, 1936 | Bradford | Murder | Female, 8, black[333][338] | |
49 | Ed Bradley | White | 57 | June 29, 1936 | Santa Rosa | Murder-Robbery | Andrew Nall, white[339] | |
50 | George Dixon | Black | 27 | August 24, 1936 | Seminole | Murder-Robbery | Charlie Farmer, black[340] | |
51 | Lee Clark | Black | 30 | October 19, 1936[341] | Escambia | Murder | Female, black (wife)[341] | |
52 | L. D. Padgett | White | 28 | Santa Rosa | Murder | Daisy Padgett, white (wife)[342] | ||
53 | James Milligan | White | 24 | Dade | Murder-Robbery | Frank Palmer, white[343] | ||
54 | Clarence Casey | White | 23 | |||||
55 | Rufus Johnson | Black | 20 | October 26, 1936[344] | Seminole | Murder | Sydney Lanier, black[344][345] | |
56 | George Scroggins | Black | 41 | Dade | Murder | Male, black[346] | ||
57 | James Walker | Black | 30 | December 14, 1936 | Pinellas | Murder-Robbery | Joseph Yasmin, Syrian[347] | |
58 | Richard Williams | Black | 32 | |||||
59 | Willie Walker | Black | 33 | April 23, 1937[348] | Nassau | Rape | Female, 37, white[348] | Cone |
60 | Simee Fields | Black | 21 | May 10, 1937 | Hillsborough | Murder | Willie Mae Spann, black (common-law wife)[349][350][351] | |
61 | Marcus Powell | White | 50 | July 12, 1937 | Duval | Murder | Katharine Speer, white (wife)[352][ac] | |
62 | Walter Williams | Black | 38 | July 19, 1937 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | Joe Johnson, black[353][ad] | |
63 | Preston McDonald | Black | 28 | |||||
64 | Robert Hinds | Black | 17 | July 23, 1937 | Leon | Rape | Female, white[354][ae] | |
65 | Orson Williams | Black | 28 | June 20, 1938 | Hillsborough | Murder | Leroy Horton, black[355][356] | |
66 | Willie Randolph | Black | 34 | July 5, 1938 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | James Riddle, 52, white[357] | |
67 | Paul Bunge | White | 53 | February 2, 1939 | Hillsborough | Murder | Marie, Edith, and Nina Bunge, 47, 9, and 6, all white (wife and children)[358][359] | |
68 | Franklin McCall | White | 21 | February 24, 1939 | Dade | Murder-Kidnap | James Cash Jr., 5, white | |
69 | Johnny Smith | Black | 30 | May 12, 1939 | Indian River | Murder-Robbery | Sam Jones, black[360] | |
70 | Harvey McGraw | White | 20 | September 4, 1939 | Santa Rosa | Murder-Robbery-Kidnap | Clifford Mann and Charles Wilkinson, both white[361] | |
71 | Clarence Parker | Black | 29 | June 5, 1940 | Gilchrist | Murder | J. T. Owens, white[362] | |
72 | Herbert Goddard | White | 29 | July 29, 1940 | Palm Beach | Murder-Rape | Frances Dunn, 17, white[363] | |
73 | Ivory Williams | Black | 18 | November 11, 1940 | Alachua | Murder-Rape | Mrs. Cecil Hodge, white[364] | |
74 | Mack Ranson | Black | 34 | January 27, 1941 | Duval | Murder | John Ranson, black (son)[365][af] | Holland |
75 | Paul Mardorf | White | 50 | Dade | Murder | Ethel Mardorf, white (wife)[365][366] | ||
76 | Richard Smith | Black | 48 | April 15, 1941[333] | Brevard | Murder | Willie Frazier, black[367][368] | |
77 | Frizell McLaren | Black | 34 | October 6, 1941 | Dade | Murder | H. C. Barton, 38, white (Coral Gables police sergeant)[369] | |
78 | Charlie Henderson | Black | 34 | Orange | Murder-Robbery | W. Ray Smith, white[370] | ||
79 | Wilburn Crews | White | 36 | Duval | Murder | Ollie Mae Crews, 26, white (estranged wife)[371][372] | ||
80 | Dan Ormond | White | 52 | Jackson | Murder | Henry Bradley, 60, white[373] | ||
81 | Willie Clay | Black | 16 | December 29, 1941 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | Mary Curtis, 59, white[374] | |
82 | Edward Powell | Black | 16 | |||||
83 | Nathaniel Walker | Black | 17 | |||||
84 | George Newsome | Black | 29 | March 2, 1942 | Leon | Murder-Robbery | Marie Lummus, 41, white[375] | |
85 | Walter Roberson | Black | 42 | March 23, 1942 | Dixie | Murder | Female, black (wife)[376] | |
86 | Jicy Crawford | Black | 28 | Duval | Murder | Bronson Sweatt, 32, black[377][378] | ||
87 | Angie Ciangetti | White | 50 | Volusia | Murder | Anna Henson, white[379] | ||
88 | Worth Roberson | White | 22 | Gilchrist | Murder-Robbery | Annice Roberts, white[380] | ||
89 | John Stanton | White | 44 | May 18, 1942 | Dade | Murder-Robbery | Fred Knust, 64, white[381] | |
90 | James Baker | Black | 32 | June 15, 1942 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | Mayme Surrency, white[382] | |
91 | Clyde Hysler | White | 23 | |||||
92 | Byrd Hudgins | White | 23 | July 20, 1942 | Dade | Murder | L. P. Daniel, white (State Highway patrolman)[383] | |
93 | Willie Williams | Black | 27 | Taylor | Murder | Lonnie Fowler, white[384] | ||
94 | Ernest Robinson | Black | 20 | August 17, 1942 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | Angus Wakefield, 58, white[385] | |
95 | Forrest Saylor | Black | 35 | January 18, 1943 | Pinellas | Murder | Marie Saylor, black (wife)[386] | |
96 | Vincent Christy | White | 38 | March 1, 1943 | Dade | Murder | Irving, Esther, Stephen Leopold, and Ralph Morin Jr., 37, 32, 6, and 19, all white[387] | |
97 | Cornelius Parker | Black | 24 | October 4, 1943[388] | Hillsborough | Murder-Robbery | Vernon Long, white[388] | |
98 | James Young | Black | 32 | October 25, 1943[389] | Hillsborough | Rape | Female, white[389] | |
99 | Ruffie Lundon | Black | 44 | Alachua | Murder | James Robinson, black[389] | ||
100 | George James | Black | 54 | October 29, 1943[390] | Polk | Murder | Wilmon Green, black[390] | |
101 | Perry Acree | White | 43 | November 22, 1943 | Levy | Murder-Robbery | K. D. Shores, white[391] | |
102 | Edgar Flowers | Black | 21 | June 26, 1944 | Hillsborough | Rape | Female, white[392] | |
103 | Earl Thompson | White | 33 | August 19, 1944 | Duval | Murder | Joe Henry, 43, white[393] | |
104 | Edward Thompson | White | 25 | |||||
105 | James Davis | Black | 16 | October 9, 1944 | Alachua | Rape | Female, 22, white[394] | |
106 | Freddie Lane | Black | 18 | |||||
107 | James Williams | Black | 25 | |||||
108 | Tom Mix | Black | 37 | December 28, 1944 | Citrus | Murder | Female, black (wife)[395] | |
109 | Henry Sparks | Black | 33 | January 15, 1945 | Palm Beach | Rape | Female, white[396][397] | Caldwell |
110 | Albert Green | Black | 28 | February 12, 1945 | Lake | Murder | Jesse Beerbower, white (Lake County police officer)[398] | |
111 | William Anderson | Black | 23 | July 25, 1945 | Broward | Rape | Female, white[399] | |
112 | Pleas Dixon | Black | 31 | October 29, 1945[400] | Holmes | Murder | Stevie Pennington, 51, white[400] | |
113 | Ernest Warren | Black | 29 | Dade | Rape | Jean Lane, 16, white[401] | ||
114 | George Sullivan | White | 37 | January 14, 1946[402] | Marion | Murder | Francis Newman, white[402] | |
115 | Charlie Holloway | Black | 30 | Pinellas | Murder | Female, black (wife)[402] | ||
116 | James Reed | Black | 28 | Dade | Rape | Female, white[402] | ||
117 | Eddie Lewis | Black | 52 | April 22, 1946 | Brevard | Murder | Ed Roundtree, black[403][404] | |
118 | Jacob Webb | Black | 26 | September 30, 1946 | Broward | Rape | Female, white[405] | |
119 | Wilbur Patterson | White | 24 | March 17, 1947 | Volusia | Murder | Harry Raines, white (undercover officer)[406] | |
120 | Lewis Green | Black | 19 | April 21, 1947 | Dade | Rape | Myrna Whiten, 9, white[407] | |
121 | Leroy Henderson | Black | 36 | June 16, 1947 | Palm Beach | Murder | Fletcher Smith, black[408] | |
122 | Tom Melton | Black | 32 | August 4, 1947 | Duval | Rape | Female, white[409] | |
123 | Joe Ferguson | Black | 42 | Broward | Rape | Eunice James, white[410][411] | ||
124 | James Maxwell | Black | 31 | |||||
125 | Reuben Harper | Black | 30 | January 5, 1948 | Columbia | Rape | Female, white[412][413] | |
126 | Alexander Wiles | White | 41 | June 14, 1948 | Duval | Murder | Ellis Van Dyal, white (Jacksonville policeman)[414] | |
127 | Alonzo Washington Jr. | Black | 25 | August 23, 1948 | Duval | Murder | Mrs. Fred W. Lewis, white[415] | |
128 | Alphonso Edmond | Black | 35 | September 6, 1948 | Dade | Rape | Female, white[416][417] | |
129 | Ernest Harper | Black | 30 | Polk | Murder | Thomas Smith, white[416] | ||
130 | David Watson | Black | 23 | September 15, 1948 | Federal | Murder | Benjamin Hobbs, 19, white[418] | |
131 | Lonnie Talley | Black | 25 | October 5, 1948[419] | Duval | Rape | Female, white[419] | Warren |
132 | Lacy Stewart | Black | 17 | October 25, 1948[420] | St. Lucie | Murder-Robbery | Erich Spiller, 64, white[420] | |
133 | Felix Combs | Black | 23 | January 24, 1949 | Pinellas | Rape-Robbery | Dolores Young and another female, both white[421] | |
134 | Aaron Quince | Black | 22 | February 7, 1949 | Volusia | Murder-Rape | Lena Carter Sparkman, white[422] | |
135 | Arthur Berry | White | 23 | April 4, 1949 | Pasco | Murder-Rape | Willie Mae Benton, 14, white[423] | |
136 | Flem Griffis | White | 30 | August 8, 1949 | Nassau | Murder | John Calvin Graham, white (ex-wife's brother)[424][ag] | |
137 | Henry Tillman | White | 51 | June 5, 1950 | Duval | Murder | Frank Wood, white[425] | |
138 | George Wolfork Jr. | Black | 28 | January 8, 1951 | Bradford | Murder-Robbery | Dave Silcox, white[426] | |
139 | L. D. Robinson | Black | 46 | |||||
140 | Walter McDonald | Black | 21 | |||||
141 | R. Charles Gifford | White | 72 | February 21, 1951 | Pinellas | Murder | Charles Schuh, white (State house leader)[427] | |
142 | Jessie Hilton | Black | 33 | June 4, 1951 | Volusia | Murder-Rape | Bertha Turner, white[428] | |
143 | John Washington Jr. | Black | 25 | Murder-Robbery | William Bostic, 65, black[429][430] | |||
144 | James Felton | Black | 25 | August 6, 1951 | Lake | Murder | Lee Cossett, black[431] | |
145 | Willie London | Black | 42 | |||||
146 | Coy McCann | Black | 48 | April 7, 1952 | Manatee | Murder | Katie Pompey, black (common-law wife)[432] | |
147 | Saul James | Black | 28 | April 21, 1952 | Hillsborough | Rape | Female, white[433] | |
148 | Merlin Leiby | White | 25 | June 30, 1952 | Collier | Murder-Robbery | Leonard Applebaum, 26, white[434] | |
149 | George Story | White | 52 | September 8, 1952 | Duval | Murder | Thomas St. John, white (ex-wife's husband)[435][ah] | |
159 | Jimmie Brown | Black | 30 | July 6, 1953 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | John Rogers, white[436] | McCarty |
160 | Ed Brooks | Black | 61 | September 7, 1953 | Franklin | Murder | J. M. Hicks, white[437] | |
161 | George Bailey | Black | 36 | January 4, 1954 | Leon | Murder-Robbery | D. B. Pert, white[438] | Johns |
162 | James Henderson | Black | 47 | |||||
163 | Avon North | White | 37 | Polk | Murder | Betty Albritton, white[439] | ||
164 | Orion Johnson | Black | 19 | September 28, 1954 | Alachua | Murder | Edward Porter, white (Marion County sheriff)[440] | |
165 | Tanner Brock | White | 57 | Columbia | Murder | Tommy Brock, 5, white (son)[440] | ||
166 | Abraham Beard | Black | 18 | November 8, 1954 | Leon | Rape | Female, 52, white[441][442] | |
167 | Leroy Williams | Black | 37 | Palm Beach | Murder | Charles Summerlin, white[443] | ||
168 | John McVeigh | White | 34 | April 18, 1955 | Duval | Murder | Robert Tucker, white (Jacksonville traffic officer)[444] | Collins |
169 | Louis Gillard | Black | 54 | August 29, 1955 | Hillsborough | Murder | Turney McCromley, black[445][446] | |
170 | Chester Dyer | White | 20 | October 31, 1955[447] | Sarasota | Murder-Robbery | R. H. Jones, 68, white[448] | |
171 | Samuel Hornbeck | White | 38 | December 12, 1955 | Duval | Murder | Thomas Robinson, white (Jacksonville police officer)[449] | |
172 | Herman Barwicks | Black | 28 | February 20, 1956 | Polk | Murder | Beatrice McNeal, black (common-law wife)[450] | |
173 | Percy Armbrister | Black | 25 | Dade | Murder | Edward Fritz Jr., 23, white (Miami police officer)[451] | ||
174 | George Anderson | Black | 32 | |||||
175 | Charlie Copeland Jr. | Black | 24 | April 28, 1956 | Duval | Rape | Female, 13, white[452] | |
176 | Edgar Lavoie | White | 55 | August 20, 1956 | Putnam | Murder | Sandra Brennan, 19, white (step-daughter)[453][ai] | |
177 | Moses Dunmore | Black | 21 | October 1, 1956[454] | Alachua | Rape | Clara Sauls, white[455][456] | |
178 | Robert Colson | Black | 25 | |||||
179 | Joseph Ezzell | White | 42 | January 21, 1957 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | Margaret Baynard, white[457] | |
180 | William Raulerson | White | 49 | July 15, 1957 | Columbia | Murder | John O'Neal, white[458] | |
181 | Roosevelt Rhone | Black | 33 | September 30, 1957 | Marion | Murder | Starreatha Rhone, 20, black (wife)[459][460] | |
182 | Bozzie Nelson | Black | 45 | May 26, 1958 | Palm Beach | Murder | Sara Campbell, race unknown[461] | |
183 | George Everett | White | 23 | June 13, 1958 | Bay | Murder-Rape | Lou Ellen Jones, 21, white[462] | |
184 | Harry Long | White | 35 | September 29, 1958 | Duval | Murder-Robbery | Thomas Coleman Sr., white[463] | |
185 | Willie Horne | Black | 25 | January 12, 1959 | Duval | Rape | Female, 48, white[464] | |
186 | Jimmie Thomas | Black | 35 | January 19, 1959 | Duval | Rape | Female, 36, white[465] | |
187 | Dallas Withers | White | 38 | February 2, 1959 | Bay | Murder | David and Douglas Wilson, 7 and 4, both white[466][aj] | |
188 | Frank Peterson | Black | 33 | June 1, 1959 | Holmes | Murder-Rape | Ira Carnley, his wife, and Earnestine Carnley, 21 and 2 (wife and Earnestine), all white[467][ak] | |
189 | John Frazier | Black | 44 | Union | Murder-Rape | Lacie Pearman, black (cousin)[468] | ||
190 | Harley Conner | White | 59 | Gilchrist | Murder | Frank Read, white (Gilchrist County sheriff)[469] | ||
191 | E. C. Daniels | Black | 49 | August 28, 1959 | Columbia | Murder | Clara Mae Ward, black (girlfriend)[470][471] | |
192 | Sam Odom | Black | 20 | Lake | Rape | Female, 63, white[470] | ||
193 | Willie City | Black | 22 | November 13, 1959 | Pinellas | Rape | Female, white[472][al] | |
194 | John Paul | Black | 24 | Pinellas | Rape | Gladys Cothreel, 47, white[473] | ||
195 | Ralph Williams | Black | 21 | February 1, 1960 | Pinellas | Rape | Patricia Morrison, 17, white[474] | |
196 | James Brooks | Black | 29 | June 20, 1960 | Palm Beach | Murder-Robbery | Helen Baier, white[475] | |
197 | Robert Davis | White | 26 | August 7, 1961 | Leon | Rape | Female, 10, white[476] | Bryant |
198 | Norman Mackiewicz | White | 32 | Dade | Murder | Robert Staab, white (Bal Harbour police lieutenant)[477] | ||
199 | Johnnie Hill | Black | 28 | May 12, 1962 | Escambia | Murder | John Brightwell, white[478] | |
200 | Robert Jefferson | Black | 22 | Bay | Murder-Robbery | Lawrence Digsby, 31, white[479] | ||
201 | Samuel Johnson | Black | 42 | September 6, 1962 | Putnam | Murder | Glenn Faulk, white (Palatka policeman)[480] | |
202 | Joe Smith | White | 21 | September 24, 1962 | St. Johns | Murder | Duke Olsen, 22, white (cellmate)[am][481] | |
203 | William Leach | White | 22 | Union | ||||
204 | Charles Lee | White | 35 | July 18, 1963 | Levy | Murder | Leroy Collins and Louvada Lee, 57 (Collins), both white (Father-in-law and estranged wife)[482] | |
205 | Emmett Blake | White | 31 | May 12, 1964 | Bay | Murder-Robbery | Johnny Beverly and another person, both white[483] | |
206 | Sie Dawson | Black | 40 | Gadsden | Murder | Roger Clayton, 2, white[484][an] |
Executions 1 through 198 were performed at Union Correctional Institution, but 199 through 206 were performed at Florida State Prison due to the electric chair being moved to the latter facility in 1962.[485]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Jury found her to be guilty of only of manslaughter and recommended clemency; judge ignored. Prominent citizens in Jacksonville also supported this and Moseley ordered a sentence suspension to study case, but ultimately chose not to act.
- ^ Presumed execution; no appeals noted and other defendant later executed.
- ^ Claimed to have killed seven men (unknown if including this murder or not).
- ^ Afro-Cuban
- ^ Denied committing this murder but admitted to killing three Spaniards in Cuba.
- ^ Bahamian, father executed in Bahamas when he was a boy.
- ^ Was also indicted for a second murder which he denied committing.
- ^ Had killed seven other persons prior to this.
- ^ Also confessed to the murder of a train conductor in South Carolina in 1887 and two other murders.
- ^ Confessed to also killing a white male, but was not tried for this.
- ^ Same crime as Sam Edwards (see 1905), change of venue from Leon County for unknown reasons.
- ^ Confessed to the killing of a 17-year-old girl in Louisiana before execution, but did not give any details.
- ^ Murdered in Jacksonville, hanged in St. Augustine due to change of venue. Both suspected of several other robberies and murders.
- ^ Murdered at Dinner Island, now part of Flagler County.
- ^ F. V. White also killed, but they do not appear to have been tried for this.
- ^ Also killed Viola Danford (white) and Stephen Candoa (Spanish); shot at Alphonso Martinez (white, wounded), Ada Lewis (mulatto, wounded), and Susie Fox (black, missed); committed several arsons prior to shootings.
- ^ Also killed a black woman on the night of November 29, 1912 the day before in Plant City, but was not tried for this.
- ^ Raped in Fort Lauderdale, now part of Broward County.
- ^ Thomas (birth name Thompson) did not know his exact age, but knew he was older than 30.
- ^ Policeman Charles Waters, Sam Manuel (black), and Stanley Price (black) also wounded in duel.
- ^ Also killed deputy sheriff Henry Higgins (white) while fugitive after crime, but was only tried for Smith's murder.
- ^ Also killed wife's aunt, but was not executed for this.
- ^ Male relative variously identified as a half-brother, brother-in-law, or brother.
- ^ Sources report that victim was also murdered, but it is unclear if Coachman was also charged with this.
- ^ Based on age in 1926
- ^ Based on age in 1926
- ^ Also confessed to the murders of the Rowell family (three persons) and their rooming tenant. Also suspected in the killing of his ex-wife Emma Hilliard, but does not appear to have been investigated for this.
- ^ Also confessed to raping Ada Easterlin (60, white), a deaf-mute female (white), an 11-year-old girl (white), and an 8-year-old girl (white), attempted rape of a 15-year-old girl, and the attempted homicide of Frank Keeler.
- ^ Also killed Louise Speer, Katharine's mother, but was only indicted for this. Had previously been convicted of murdering George Fay in Alabama in 1908 and was acquitted of murdering William Cowles in 1931.
- ^ Williams confessed posthoumously through a written note to killing a Chinese person in Savannah, Georgia in 1921, but did not give any details.
- ^ Raped in Apalachicola (Franklin), taken to Tallahassee (Leon) and given change of venue after lynching attempt.
- ^ Also killed his daughter and sister-in-law, but was not tried for either.
- ^ Also killed Samuel Null and Curtis Floyd Graham (John's brother), but was convicted of John's first.
- ^ Also killed his ex-wife Lucille, but was only tried for Thomas's.
- ^ Also killed his ex-wife Marjorie, 45, but was not tried for this.
- ^ Assaulted (sexually) both boys before their murders. Confessed to "molesting children for years" without being caught.
- ^ Ira and Earnestine killed, wife raped.
- ^ Confessed to raping five other women (three black and two white) but was not tried for these.
- ^ Murdered in Florida State Prison while serving time for a narcotics charge. Smith and Leach were serving time for theft and breaking & entering respectively.
- ^ Confessed to also killing Roger's mother, Maggie Clayton, but was not convicted of this.
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Executions in Florida - 1827-1930 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
- ^ "Executions in Florida - 1931-1979 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
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- ^ a b c Vandiver, Margaret (2005-12-22). Lethal Punishment: Lynchings and Legal Executions in the South. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-4106-8.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Benjamin Donica". Espy Archive. 1827-06-20.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Andrew Crail". Espy Archive. 1829-03-30.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Norman Sherwood". Espy Archive. 1830-12-10.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Robert Breen". Espy Archive. 1833-12-20.
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- ^ a b Denham, James M. (1997). A Rogue's Paradise: Crime and Punishment in Antebellum Florida, 1821-1861. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-0847-6.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
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- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of (slave) Simon". Espy Archive. 1848-12-01.
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- ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of Gabe Zeigler, Lewis Zeigler, Sam Zeigler, Booker Old". Espy Archive. 1866-11-02.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Guilford Register". Espy Archive. 1867-04-19.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Guilford Register". Espy Archive. 1867-04-19.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
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- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of William Scott". Espy Archive. 1905-02-14.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
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- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of William Keen". Espy Archive. 1874-02-27.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of James Munroe". Espy Archive. 1875-05-14.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
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- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
- ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Andrew Fell". Espy Archive. 1881-04-22.
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- ^ a b c "Saturday's Telegraphic News". Sunday Herald. October 3, 1881. p. 1. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
- ^ "Had Killed His Seventh Man". Omaha Daily Republican. October 4, 1881. p. 1. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Documentation for the execution of Harrison Carter, Merrick Johnson, Andy Taylor, Joseph Jewell, Richmond Stuart..." Espy Archive. 1882-08-04.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
- ^ a b "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Leonidas Johnson, John Mckithern, Laban Stevens, Charles Clark, Wesley Johnson..." Espy Archive. 1884-05-23.
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- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Wiggins". Espy Archive. 1887-07-23.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Wiggins". Espy Archive. 1887-07-23.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
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- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of William Gaskins". Espy Archive. 1889-08-01.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
- ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Bill Westmoreland". Espy Archive. 1889-08-15.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Kelly Stewart". Espy Archive. 1890-07-31.
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- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Mike Stevens, Henry Brown, Mike Stevens". Espy Archive. 1895-09-18.
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- ^ "Documentation for the execution of William Lattimer". Espy Archive. 1897-01-13.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Albert Gunn". Espy Archive. 1897-09-02.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Albert Gunn". Espy Archive. 1897-09-02.
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- ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Sylvanus Johnson". Espy Archive. 1897-09-13.
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- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Wayman King". Espy Archive. 1900-03-09.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Wayman King". Espy Archive. 1900-03-09.
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- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Belton Hamilton, Jim Harrison, William Williams, John Simmons". Espy Archive. 1901-07-05.
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- ^ a b c d "Documentation for the execution of Robert Lee, James Kirby". Espy Archive. 1901-08-02.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of James Mercer". Espy Archive. 1901-08-23.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of James Mercer". Espy Archive. 1901-08-23.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Will Jones". Espy Archive. 1901-11-08.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Thomas Hampton". Espy Archive. 1901-12-06.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Thomas Hampton". Espy Archive. 1901-12-06.
- ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of Hampton Wynn". Espy Archive. 1902-01-24.
- ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Henry Wilson". Espy Archive. 1902-04-04.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Moses Roberson". Espy Archive. 1902-04-04.
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- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Thomas Faircloth". Espy Archive. 1902-09-30.
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- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of John Brown". Espy Archive. 1903-04-24.
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- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Fred Ewert". Espy Archive. 1904-08-06.
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- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Reuben Reed". Espy Archive. 1905-07-21.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Edward Lamb". Espy Archive. 1905-10-27.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Allen Mathis, William Marcus, William Wilshire, Sam Edwards, John Mitchell". Espy Archive. 1906-07-31.
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- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Albert Simmons". Espy Archive. 1906-06-26.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Albert Simmons". Espy Archive. 1906-06-26.
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- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Alfred Sargent". Espy Archive. 1907-06-15.
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- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Arthur Davis, Andrew Thomas, William Mitchell, Will Harvey, Fred Miller..." Espy Archive. 1907-03-08.
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- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Will Mcfadden". Espy Archive. 1909-05-21.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Walter Ledbetter". Espy Archive. 1909-06-04.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Otis Smith". Espy Archive. 1909-06-11.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of George Hawkins". Espy Archive. 1909-07-02.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Albert Smith". Espy Archive. 1909-08-10.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of R. H. Owens". Espy Archive. 1910-01-15.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Roland Flowers". Espy Archive. 1910-03-04.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Irving Hanchett". Espy Archive. 1910-05-06.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Irving Hanchett". Espy Archive. 1910-05-06.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of George Fields". Espy Archive. 1910-06-25.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Brooks Foley". Espy Archive. 1910-07-29.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
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- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Derry Taft". Espy Archive. 1910-10-18.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Derry Taft". Espy Archive. 1910-10-18.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of James Green". Espy Archive. 1911-01-27.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Summary of the execution of William Walker". Espy Archive. 1911-07-14.
- ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of Edgar Youmans, Will Mccoy". Espy Archive. 1911-12-01.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Edgar Youmans, Will Mccoy". Espy Archive. 1911-12-01.
- ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of Dave Turner". Espy Archive. 1912-02-16.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Will Alexander". Espy Archive. 1912-05-03.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Henry Horee". Espy Archive. 1912-05-10.
- ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Tom White, Eugene Baxter". Espy Archive. 1912-05-31.
- ^ "Summary of the execution of Steve Johnson". Espy Archive. 1912-05-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of Caine Perry, Fortune Perry". Espy Archive. 1912-09-27.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Robert Anderson". Espy Archive. 1912-11-23.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Anderson". Espy Archive. 1912-11-23.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Jake Williams". Espy Archive. 1913-04-04.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Bennie Henson". Espy Archive. 1914-03-13.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Clarence Daly". Espy Archive. 1914-04-10.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Lonnie Rowland". Espy Archive. 1915-01-22.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Clyde Stover". Espy Archive. 1915-06-12.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Clyde Stover". Espy Archive. 1915-06-12.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of John Wade". Espy Archive. 1915-08-13.
- ^ a b c d "Documentation for the execution of Ed Maddox". Espy Archive. 1915-08-20.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Ebenezer Tobin". Espy Archive. 1915-10-22.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Ebenezer Tobin". Espy Archive. 1915-10-22.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Charles Haynes". Espy Archive. 1916-09-01.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b c "Documentation for the execution of Will Turner". Espy Archive. 1916-10-20.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Blackwell". Espy Archive. 1920-07-23.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Blackwell". Espy Archive. 1920-07-23.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Hosie Poole". Espy Archive. 1920-07-30.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Tom Brown". Espy Archive. 1921-05-20.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Jake Martin, Putnam Ponsell". Espy Archive. 1921-09-23.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Arthur Johnson". Espy Archive. 1923-07-27.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Lawrence Revels". Espy Archive. 1923-11-23.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Lawrence Revels". Espy Archive. 1923-11-23.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Lawrence Revels". Espy Archive. 1923-11-23.
- ^ "Death Chair Law Upheld by Court". The Evening Independent. November 13, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Frank Johnson". Espy Archive. 1924-10-07.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of J. C. Coachman". Espy Archive. 1925-05-06.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of J. C. Coachman". Espy Archive. 1925-05-06.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Will Champion". Espy Archive. 1926-01-28.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Roy Dunwood". Espy Archive. 1926-05-12.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of John Simmons". Espy Archive. 1901-07-05.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Harry Scrimm". Espy Archive. 1926-05-25.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Harry Scrimm, Phillip Taylor, Willie Green, Arthur Williams, Melvin Johnson..." Espy Archive. 1926-05-25.
- ^ "Gleanings from the Press". The Evening Independent. October 21, 1926. p. 14. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Willie Green, Arthur Williams". Espy Archive. 1926-11-23.
- ^ a b "Negro Murder Suspects Get Death Verdict". The Evening Independent. August 21, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Lloyd Salter, Raymond Stone". Espy Archive. 1927-03-01.
- ^ "Summary of the execution of Rufus Chesser". Espy Archive. 1927-03-23.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Earl London". Espy Archive. 1927-04-07.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Fortune Ferguson". Espy Archive. 1927-04-27.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Fortune Ferguson". Espy Archive. 1927-04-27.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Fortune Ferguson". Espy Archive. 1927-04-27.
- ^ "Summary of the execution of Louis Thomas". Espy Archive. 1927-11-29.
- ^ a b "Summary of the execution of Thomas Costello". Espy Archive. 1927-12-13.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Pittman". Espy Archive. 1928-06-13.
- ^ "Summary of the execution of William Vaughn". Espy Archive. 1928-08-28.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Melvin Johnson". Espy Archive. 1928-09-04.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of James Turner". Espy Archive. 1928-09-25.
- ^ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of George Davis". Espy Archive. 1928-10-09.
- ^ a b "Documentation for the execution of Herbert Harvey". Espy Archive. 1928-10-23.
- ^ a b "Day by Day In Florida". The Evening Independent. July 18, 1927. p. 12. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
- ^ a b "Governor Signs Death Warrants". The Evening Independent. October 21, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Ross Funderbirk". Espy Archive. 1930-03-19.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of Clayton Bell". Espy Archive. 1931-01-27.
- ^ "Documentation for the execution of T. Southworth". Espy Archive. 1931-02-12.
- ^ "Fickle Justice". St. Petersburg Times. February 25, 1931. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- ^ "Floridian Held For Killing Of Mother-In-Law". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. June 4, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^